七年级生物下册4.1.2《人的生殖》例题解析(新版)新人教版.doc

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1、1第二节 人的生殖1女性生殖系统中,产生卵细胞的结构和受精的场所分别是( )A卵巢、输卵管 B卵巢、子宫 C子宫、输卵管 D子宫、阴道【考查目的】人体女性生殖系统的结构和功能。【答案】A【解析】女性的生殖系统主要包括卵巢、输卵管、子宫、阴道等,其中卵巢能产生卵细胞并分泌雌性激素,是女性主要的生殖器官;输卵管的作用是输送卵细胞,也是受精的场所;子宫是胚胎发育的场所;阴道是精子进入女性体内和婴儿出生的通道,故选 A。2男性产生精子和分泌雄性激素的器官是( )A附睾 B睾丸 C精囊腺 D前列腺【考查目的】人体男性生殖系统的结构和功能。【答案】B【解析】男性生殖系统主要由睾丸、附睾、输精管、精囊腺、前

2、列腺、阴茎和阴囊组成。男性主要的性器官是睾丸,睾丸的功能是产生精子和分泌雄性激素。故选 B。3下列关于人类生殖和发育的叙述错误的是( )A受精和胚胎发育的场所分别是输卵管和子宫B男女第二性征的出现是性激素作用的结果C提倡母乳喂养是因为母乳中不仅有婴儿所需的营养成分还有抵抗传染病的抗体D胎儿通过自身的呼吸系统和消化系统从母体获得氧气和营养成分【考查目的】受精和胚胎发育过程;第二性征的发育。【答案】D【解析】A 选项,生殖细胞包括睾丸产生的精子和卵巢产生的卵细胞,含精子的精液进入阴道后,精子缓慢地通过子宫,在输卵管内与卵细胞相遇,有一个精子进入卵细胞,与卵细胞相融合,形成受精卵;受精卵不断进行分裂

3、逐渐发育成胚泡;胚泡缓慢地移动到子宫中,最终植入子宫内膜,这是怀孕; B 选项,睾丸和卵巢除产生生殖细胞外,还有分泌性激素,促进男女出现第二性征的作用;C 选项,母乳中不仅有婴儿所需的营养成分,满足婴幼儿的需要,还有母乳中还有一定的抗体可以增强婴儿的抗病能力;D 选项,胎儿生活在子宫内半透明的羊水中,通过胎盘、脐带与母体进行物质交换,不是通过自身的呼吸系统和消化系统从母体获得氧气和营养成分的。故选 D。24人体发育的起点是( )A卵细胞 B受精卵 C胚胎 D刚出生的婴儿 【考查目的】对受精和胚胎发育的理解。【答案】B【解析】人体发育的起点是受精卵。故选 B。5母亲在怀孕期间,身体负担明显加重

4、她要为胎儿提供所需的养料和氧气,排出胎儿产生的二氧化碳和其他废物。母亲与胎儿之间进行的物质和气体交换发生在( )A胎盘和脐带 B子宫内膜 C输卵管 D卵黄【考查目的】考查对胚胎发育的理解。【答案】A【解析】人的精子与卵细胞在输卵管处相遇并结合形成受精卵,随后受精卵开始发育成最初的胚胎,此时发育的营养物质来自卵黄。当胚胎到达子宫后着床(也就是我们所说的怀孕),此后通过胎盘交换的营养物质来自母体,同时将代谢废物经母体排出。怀孕 8 周左右时,胚胎发育成胎儿。胎儿生活在子宫内半透明的羊水中,通过胎盘、脐带与母体进行物质交换。母体怀孕 280 天(40 周)左右,胎儿发育成熟成熟的胎儿从母体的阴道产出的过程成为分娩。故选 A。

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