1、PART TWO,第二篇 语法突破篇,语法专题（一） 名词,1.概述: 不可数名词是不能直接用数字计数的名词,分为物质名词和抽象名词。不可数名词通常没有复数形式,也不能用a/an或数词修饰。常见的不可数名词见下表:,考点一 不可数名词,【中考考点】 (1)正确识别可数名词和不可数名词。 (2)掌握可数名词复数的构成。 (3)掌握名词所有格和名词作定语的用法。,2.不可数名词的量化表达 (1)表示不定数量时,一般用some, much, a little, a lot of, lots of, plenty of等。 如: much water, a little milk, some oran
2、ge juice (2)表示确定数量时,一般用“数词+量词+of+不可数名词”结构。当前面的数词大于1时,后面的量词要变为复数。如:一张纸 ,两杯水 ,十袋米,a piece of paper,two glasses of water,ten bags of rice,3.既可数又不可数的名词,考点二 可数名词,1.名词复数形式的规则变化,2.名词复数形式的不规则变化,【巧记】 各国人变复数:中日不变英法变,其余-s加后面。 (1)a Chinese/Japanesetwo Chinese/Japanese EnglishmanEnglishmen, FrenchmanFrenchmen (2
3、)其余各国人(German/Australian/American/Indian/Canadian)均在词后直接加-s。,3.名词修饰名词时的复数形式的构成 (1)名词作定语修饰名词时,复数形式是将后面的名词变为复数。如:many apple trees, boy students (2)man 和woman作定语修饰另一个名词时,两部分都要变为复数。如:men teachers, women doctors,考点三 名词所有格,1.构成 (1)有生命的名词的所有格的构成方法: 一般情况下在名词后加“s”。 迈克的小汽车 我妈妈的生日 以s结尾的复数名词只加“”。 教师节 不以s结尾的复数名词
4、,直接在词尾加“s”。 妇女节 儿童节,Mikes car,my mothers birthday,Teachers Day,Womens Day,Childrens Day,(2)无生命的名词的所有格一般由“of+表示无生命的物体的名词”构成。 我们教室的一张照片 一张中国地图 2.特殊用法 (1)表示时间、距离、集体、国家、团体等无生命的名词也可用“s”构成所有格。 今天的报纸 世界人口 (2)表示一件东西为两人或三人共有时,只需在最后一个名词后加“s”,后面所跟名词用单数;表示各自所有时,则需在每个名词后加“s”,后面所跟名词用复数。 莉莉和露西共有的房间 莉莉和露西各自的房间,a pi
5、cture of our classroom,a map of China,todays newspaper,the worlds population,Lily and Lucys room,Lilys and Lucys rooms,(3)表示“某人家”、 “店铺”、“诊所”等处所。 在李雷家 at Li Leis 在诊所 在药店 at the chemists (4)双重所有格表示整体中的一部分,结构为“of+名词所有格” 或 “of+名词性物主代词”。 我父亲的一本书 我的一个朋友 a friend of mine=one of my friends,at the doctors,a
6、book of my fathers,用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空 1.We will report these (hero). They are the pride of our country. 2.The online shop sells (child) and mens shoes at a very low price. 3.It is said that (tomorrow) sports meeting has been put off because of the bad weather. 4.I can give you lots of (advice) on how t
7、o improve your speaking skills. 5.Ill give my English teacher some flowers on (teacher) Day. 6.There are a lot of (sheep) on the grassland.A sheep-dog is sitting next to them. 7.All the (woman) teachers are happy on March 8th. 8.There are several (library) in the city.,heroes,childrens,tomorrows,adv
8、ice,Teachers,sheep,women,libraries,9.Those (policeman) are looking for the lost kids. 10.The computer is one of the most important (invention) in our life. 11.What kind of noodles would you like? Id like some (potato) noodles. 12.Why did Lucy look unhappy? Because she was so careless that she made many spelling (mistake) in her homework. 13.I went to my (uncle) house yesterday. 14.How many times do you brush your (tooth) every day? 15.Take a short rest after two (hour) hard work, and you wont feel too tired.,policemen,inventions,potato,mistakes,uncles,teeth,hours,
