(京津专用)2019高考数学总复习优编增分练:压轴大题突破练(三)函数与导数(1)文.doc

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1、1(三)函数与导数(1)1(2018咸阳模拟)已知函数 f(x) a(x1)ln x x1( aR)(1)当 a2 时,求函数 f(x)在点(1, f(1)处的切线方程;(2)当 a 时,求证:对任意的 x1, f(x)0 恒成立12(1)解 由 f(x)2( x1)ln x x1,得 f( x)2ln x 1,2x切点为(1,0),斜率为 f(1)3,所求切线方程为 y3( x1),即 3x y30.(2)证明 当 a 时,12f(x) (x1)ln x x1( x1),12欲证: f(x)0,注意到 f(1)0,只要 f(x) f(1)即可,f( x) a 1( x1),(ln x1x 1

2、)令 g(x)ln x 1( x1),1x则 g( x) 0( x1),1x 1x2 x 1x2知 g(x)在1,)上单调递增,有 g(x) g(1)2,所以 f( x)2 a10 ,(a12)2可知 f(x)在1,)上单调递增,所以 f(x) f(1)0,综上,当 a 时,对任意的 x1, f(x)0 恒成立122(2018潍坊模拟)已知函数 f(x)ln x x2 ax(aR), g(x)e x x2.12 32(1)讨论函数 f(x)极值点的个数;(2)若对 x0,不等式 f(x) g(x)恒成立,求实数 a 的取值范围解 (1) f( x) x a (x0),1x x2 ax 1x令

3、f( x)0,即 x2 ax10, a24,当 a240,即2 a2 时,x2 ax10 恒成立,即 f( x)0,此时 f(x)在(0,)上单调递增,无极值点,当 a240,即 a2 时,若 a0, x20,此时 x(0, x1), f( x)0, f(x)单调递增,x( x1, x2), f( x)0, f(x)单调递增,故 x1, x2分别为 f(x)的极大值点和极小值点,因此 a2,设方程 x2 ax10 的两根为 x1, x2,且 x10 恒成立ex ln x x2x设 h(x) ,ex ln x x2xh( x)(ex 1x 2x)x ex ln x x2x2 ,exx 1 ln

4、x x2 1x2当 x(0,1)时,e x(x1)ln x x210,即 h( x)0, h(x)单调递增,因此 x1 为 h(x)的极小值点,即 h(x) h(1)e1,故 ae1.3(2018亳州模拟)已知函数 f(x) 在 x1 处取得极值a ln xx(1)求 a 的值,并讨论函数 f(x)的单调性;(2)当 x1,)时, f(x) 恒成立,求实数 m 的取值范围m1 x解 (1)由题意知 f( x) ,1 a ln xx2又 f(1)1 a0,即 a1, f( x) (x0), ln xx2令 f( x)0,得 01,函数 f(x)在(0,1)上单调递增,在(1,)上单调递减(2)依

5、题意知,当 x1,)时, f(x) 恒成立,m1 x即 m 恒成立,1 x1 ln xx令 g(x) (x1),1 x1 ln xx只需 g(x)min m 即可,又 g( x) ,x ln xx24令 h(x) xln x, h( x)1 0( x1),1x h(x)在1,)上单调递增, h(x) h(1)10, g( x)0, g(x)在1,)上单调递增, g(x)min g(1)2,故 m2.4(2018福建省百校模拟)已知函数 f(x) x1 aex.(1)讨论 f(x)的单调性;(2)当 a1 时,设10 且 f(x1) f(x2)5,证明: x12 x24 .1e(1)解 f( x

6、)1 aex,当 a0 时, f( x)0,则 f(x)在 R 上单调递增当 a0,得 xln ,(1a)则 f(x)的单调递减区间为 .(ln(1a), )(2)证明 方法一 设 g(x) f(x)2 xe x3 x1,则 g( x)e x3,由 g( x)ln 3;由 g( x)0 得 x4 .1e方法二 f(x1) f(x2)5, x1 2 x23, x12 x2 1e 3 x2 3,设 g(x)e x3 x,则 g( x)e x3,由 g( x)0 得 xln 3,5故 g(x)min g(ln 3)33ln 3.10, x12 x2e1 33ln 33 3ln 3,1e3ln 3ln

7、 274 .1e5(2018江南十校模拟)已知函数 f(x) , g(x) mx.a ln xx(1)求函数 f(x)的单调区间;(2)当 a0 时, f(x) g(x)恒成立,求实数 m 的取值范围;(3)当 a1 时,求证:当 x1 时,( x1) f(x)2 .(x1ex) (1 1e)(1)解 f(x) 的定义域为(0,),a ln xx且 f( x) .1 a ln xx2 1 ln x ax2由 f( x)0 得 1ln x a0,即 ln x0 得 02 ,(x1ex) (1 1e)等价于 .1e 1 x 1ln x 1x 2ex 1xex 1令 p(x) ,则 p( x) ,x 1ln x 1x x ln xx2令 (x) xln x,则 ( x)1 ,1x x 1x6 x1, ( x)0, (x)在(1,)上单调递增, (x) (1)10, p( x)0, p(x)在(1,)上单调递增, p(x)p(1)2, ,pxe 1 2e 1令 h(x) ,则 h( x) ,2ex 1xex 1 2ex 11 exxex 12 x1,1e x1 时, h(x) h(x),pxe 1 2e 1即( x1) f(x)2 , x1.(x1ex) (1 1e)

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