1、 IEC 61400-21 Edition 2.0 2008-08 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE Wind turbines Part 21: Measurement and assessment of power quality characteristics of grid connected wind turbines Eoliennes Partie 21: Mesurage et valuation des caractristiques de qualit de puissance des oliennes connecte
2、s au rseau IEC 61400-21:2008 THIS PUBLICATION IS COPYRIGHT PROTECTED Copyright 2008 IEC, Geneva, Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and mi
3、crofilm, without permission in writing from either IEC or IECs member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questions about IEC copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or your local IEC member
4、National Committee for further information. Droits de reproduction rservs. Sauf indication contraire, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut tre reproduite ni utilise sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procd, lectronique ou mcanique, y compris la photocopie et les microfilms, sans lacco
5、rd crit de la CEI ou du Comit national de la CEI du pays du demandeur. Si vous avez des questions sur le copyright de la CEI ou si vous dsirez obtenir des droits supplmentaires sur cette publication, utilisez les coordonnes ci-aprs ou contactez le Comit national de la CEI de votre pays de rsidence.
6、IEC Central Office 3, rue de Varemb CH-1211 Geneva 20 Switzerland Email: inmailiec.ch Web: www.iec.ch About the IEC The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related te
7、chnologies. About IEC publications The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published. Catalogue of IEC publications: www.iec.ch/searchpub The IEC on-line Catalo
8、gue enables you to search by a variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical committee,). It also gives information on projects, withdrawn and replaced publications. IEC Just Published: www.iec.ch/online_news/justpub Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published details twice
9、a month all new publications released. Available on-line and also by email. Electropedia: www.electropedia.org The worlds leading online dictionary of electronic and electrical terms containing more than 20 000 terms and definitions in English and French, with equivalent terms in additional language
10、s. Also known as the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary online. Customer Service Centre: www.iec.ch/webstore/custserv If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or need further assistance, please visit the Customer Service Centre FAQ or contact us: Email: csciec.ch Tel.: +41 22
11、919 02 11 Fax: +41 22 919 03 00 A propos de la CEI La Commission Electrotechnique Internationale (CEI) est la premire organisation mondiale qui labore et publie des normes internationales pour tout ce qui a trait llectricit, llectronique et aux technologies apparentes. A propos des publications CEI
12、Le contenu technique des publications de la CEI est constamment revu. Veuillez vous assurer que vous possdez ldition la plus rcente, un corrigendum ou amendement peut avoir t publi. Catalogue des publications de la CEI: www.iec.ch/searchpub/cur_fut-f.htm Le Catalogue en-ligne de la CEI vous permet d
13、effectuer des recherches en utilisant diffrents critres (numro de rfrence, texte, comit dtudes,). Il donne aussi des informations sur les projets et les publications retires ou remplaces. Just Published CEI: www.iec.ch/online_news/justpub Restez inform sur les nouvelles publications de la CEI. Just
14、Published dtaille deux fois par mois les nouvelles publications parues. Disponible en-ligne et aussi par email. Electropedia: www.electropedia.org Le premier dictionnaire en ligne au monde de termes lectroniques et lectriques. Il contient plus de 20 000 termes et dfinitions en anglais et en franais,
15、 ainsi que les termes quivalents dans les langues additionnelles. Egalement appel Vocabulaire Electrotechnique International en ligne. Service Clients: www.iec.ch/webstore/custserv/custserv_entry-f.htm Si vous dsirez nous donner des commentaires sur cette publication ou si vous avez des questions, v
16、isitez le FAQ du Service clients ou contactez-nous: Email: csciec.ch Tl.: +41 22 919 02 11 Fax: +41 22 919 03 00 IEC 61400-21 Edition 2.0 2008-08 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE Wind turbines Part 21: Measurement and assessment of power quality characteristics of grid connected wind turb
17、ines Eoliennes Partie 21: Mesurage et valuation des caractristiques de qualit de puissance des oliennes connectes au rseau INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION COMMISSION ELECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE XA ICS 27.180 PRICE CODE CODE PRIX ISBN 2-8318-9938-9 Registered trademark of the Internatio
18、nal Electrotechnical Commission Marque dpose de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale 2 61400-21 IEC:2008 CONTENTS FOREWORD.4 INTRODUCTION.6 1 Scope.7 2 Normative references .7 3 Terms and definitions .8 4 Symbols and units 11 5 Abbreviations .13 6 Wind turbine power quality characteristic p
19、arameters .14 6.1 General .14 6.2 Wind turbine specification .14 6.3 Voltage fluctuations.14 6.3.1 General .14 6.3.2 Continuous operation 14 6.3.3 Switching operations .15 6.4 Current harmonics, interharmonics and higher frequency components 15 6.5 Response to voltage drops 16 6.6 Active power .16 6
20、.6.1 Maximum measured power 16 6.6.2 Ramp rate limitation 16 6.6.3 Set-point control17 6.7 Reactive power .17 6.7.1 Reactive power capability17 6.7.2 Set-point control17 6.8 Grid protection 18 6.9 Reconnection time.18 7 Test procedures .18 7.1 General .18 7.1.1 Test validity.19 7.1.2 Test conditions
21、 19 7.1.3 Test equipment20 7.2 Wind turbine specification .21 7.3 Voltage fluctuations.21 7.3.1 General .21 7.3.2 Fictitious grid.21 7.3.3 Continuous operation 23 7.3.4 Switching operations .26 7.4 Current harmonics, interharmonics and higher frequency components 27 7.5 Response to temporary voltage
22、 drop .28 7.6 Active power .30 7.6.1 Maximum measured power 30 7.6.2 Ramp rate limitation 31 7.6.3 Set point control 31 7.7 Reactive power .31 7.7.1 Reactive power capability31 7.7.2 Set point control 32 7.8 Grid protection 32 61400-21 IEC:2008 3 7.9 Reconnection time.33 8 Assessment of power qualit
23、y 34 8.1 General .34 8.2 Voltage fluctuations.34 8.2.1 General .34 8.2.2 Continuous operation 35 8.2.3 Switching operations .35 8.3 Current harmonics, interharmonics and higher frequency components 36 Annex A (informative) Sample report format.38 Annex B (informative) Voltage fluctuations and flicke
24、r48 Annex C (informative) Measurement of active power, reactive power and voltage56 Bibliography58 Figure 1 Adjustment of active power set-point17 Figure 2 Adjustment of reactive power set-point.18 Figure 3 Assumed elements of measurement system.20 Figure 4 Fictitious grid for simulation of fictitio
25、us voltage .22 Figure 5 System with short circuit emulator for testing wind turbine response to temporary voltage drop.29 Figure 6 Tolerance of voltage drop 30 Figure B.1 Measurement and assessment procedures for flicker during continuous operation of the wind turbine.48 Figure B.2 Measurement and a
26、ssessment procedures for voltage changes and flicker during switching operations of the wind turbine.49 Figure B.3 Flicker coefficient as a function of wind speed 50 Table 1 Specification of voltage drops. The specified magnitudes, duration and shape are for the voltage drop occurring when the wind
27、turbine under test is not connected.16 Table 2 Specification of requirements for measurement equipment21 Table 3 Specification of exponents according to IEC 61000-3-6.37 Table B.1 Number of measurements N m,iand frequency of occurrence of f m,iand f y,ifor each wind speed bin in the range from cut-i
28、n wind speed to 15 m/s .51 Table B.2 Weighting factor w ifor each wind speed bin.51 Table B.3 Total sum of weighting factor multiplied by number of measurements for all wind speed bins .52 Table B.4 Weighted accumulated distribution of the flicker coefficients Pr(cx) for each wind speed distribution
29、.52 Table B.5 Resulting flicker coefficient in continuous operation .53 Table B.6 Probabilities and percentiles for different wind speeds .53 4 61400-21 IEC:2008 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ WIND TURBINES Part 21: Measurement and assessment of power quality characteristics of grid con
30、nected wind turbines FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning s
31、tandardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guidances (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their pr
32、eparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non- governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates close
33、ly with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations. 2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international consensus of opinion on the relevan
34、t subjects since each technical committee has representation from all interested IEC National Committees. 3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the tec
35、hnical content of IEC Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any misinterpretation by any end user. 4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications transparently to the maximum ex
36、tent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter. 5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for
37、any equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication. 6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication. 7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and members of its technical committe
38、es and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications.
39、 8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent r
40、ights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard IEC 61400-21 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 88: Wind turbines. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2001. This edition constitutes a technic
41、al revision. This edition includes the following new items with respect to the previous edition: Interharmonics and current distortions (9 kHz) Response to voltage dips Active power ramp rate limitation and set-point control Reactive power capabilities and set-point control Grid protection and recon
42、nection time after grid faults 61400-21 IEC:2008 5 The text of this standard is based on the following documents: FDIS Report on voting 88/317/FDIS 88/326/RVD Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. This publ
43、ication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. A list of all parts of the IEC 61400 series, under the general title Wind turbines, can be found on the IEC website. The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the maintenance
44、 result date indicated on the IEC web site under “http:/webstore.iec.ch“ in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be reconfirmed, withdrawn, replaced by a revised edition, or amended. 6 61400-21 IEC:2008 INTRODUCTION The purpose of this part of IEC 61400 is
45、 to provide a uniform methodology that will ensure consistency and accuracy in the presentation, testing and assessment of power quality characteristics of grid connected wind turbines (WTs). The power quality characteristics here include wind turbine specifications, voltage quality (emissions of fl
46、icker and harmonics), voltage drop response, power control (control of active and reactive power), grid protection and reconnection time. This part of IEC 61400 has been prepared with the anticipation that it would be applied by: the WT manufacturer striving to meet well-defined power quality charac
47、teristics; the WT purchaser in specifying such power quality characteristics; the WT operator who may be required to verify that stated, or required power quality characteristics are met; the WT planner or regulator who has to be able to accurately and fairly determine the impact of a WT on the volt
48、age quality to ensure that the installation is designed so that voltage quality requirements are respected; the WT certification authority or component testing organization in evaluating the power quality characteristics of the wind turbine type; the planner or regulator of the electric network who
49、has to be able to determine the grid connection required for a WT. This part of IEC 61400 provides recommendations for preparing the measurements and assessment of power quality characteristics of grid connected WTs. This part of IEC 61400 will benefit those parties involved in the manufacture, installation planning, obtaining of permission, operation, utilization, testing
