1、 IEC 62127-3Edition 1.0 2007-08INTERNATIONAL STANDARD Ultrasonics Hydrophones Part 3: Properties of hydrophones for ultrasonic fields up to 40 MHz IEC62127-3:2007(E) THIS PUBLICATION IS COPYRIGHT PROTECTED Copyright 2007 IEC, Geneva, Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no pa
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8、tserv If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or need further assistance, please visit the Customer Service Centre FAQ or contact us: Email: csciec.ch Tel.: +41 22 919 02 11 Fax: +41 22 919 03 00 IEC 62127-3Edition 1.0 2007-08INTERNATIONAL STANDARD Ultrasonics Hydrophones Part 3: Pr
9、operties of hydrophones for ultrasonic fields up to 40 MHz INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION SICS 17.140.50 PRICE CODEISBN 2-8318-9278-3 2 62127-3 IEC:2007(E) CONTENTS FOREWORD.3 INTRODUCTION.5 1 Scope.6 2 Normative references6 3 Terms, definitions and symbols.6 4 List of symbols8 5 Hydropho
10、ne characteristics.9 5.1 General .9 5.2 Basic information.9 5.3 Sensitivity9 5.4 Frequency response 10 5.4.1 Stated frequency band .10 5.4.2 Frequency dependence10 5.5 Directional response11 5.5.1 General .11 5.5.2 Symmetry of directional response.11 5.6 Effective radius11 5.7 Dynamic range, lineari
11、ty and electromagnetic interference .12 5.8 Electric output characteristics 13 5.8.1 General .13 5.8.2 Hydrophone without pre-amplifier.13 5.8.3 Hydrophone assembly13 5.8.4 Output lead configuration .14 5.9 Environmental aspects.14 5.9.1 Temperature range 14 5.9.2 Water tightness .14 5.9.3 Water pro
12、perties and incompatible materials14 5.9.4 Exposed material .14 5.10 Guidance manual.14 5.11 List of hydrophone characteristics14 Annex A (informative) Examples of information on hydrophone properties.16 Bibliography21 Figure A.1 Frequency response of 0,2 mm needle hydrophone .17 Figure A.2 Directio
13、nal response of 0,2 mm needle hydrophone .18 Table A.1 Example of basic information for 0,2 mm needle hydrophone assembly.16 62127-3 IEC:2007(E) 3 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ ULTRASONICS HYDROPHONES Part 3: Properties of hydrophones for ultrasonic fields up to 40 MHz FOREWORD 1) The
14、International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and
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23、eferences cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible
24、for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard IEC 62127-3 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 87: Ultrasonics IEC 62127-1, IEC 62127-2 and IEC 62127-3 are being published simultaneously. Together these cancel and replace IEC 60866:1987, IEC 61101:1991, IEC 61102:1991
25、, IEC 61220:1993 and IEC 62092:2001. The text of this standard is based on the following documents: Enquiry draft Report on voting 87/354/CDV 87/373/RVC Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. This publicatio
26、n has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. 4 62127-3 IEC:2007(E) A list of all parts of IEC 62127 series, published under the general title Ultrasonics Hydrophones, can be found on the IEC website. NOTE Words in bold in the text are defined in Clause 3. The committee has d
27、ecided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the maintenance result date indicated on the IEC website under “http:/webstore.iec.ch“ in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be reconfirmed, withdrawn, replaced by a revised edition
28、, or amended. A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date. 62127-3 IEC:2007(E) 5 INTRODUCTION The spatial and temporal distribution of acoustic pressure in an ultrasonic field in a liquid medium is commonly determined using miniature ultrasonic hydrophones. The properties o
29、f these hydrophones have been dealt with in a number of IEC standards in various aspects. The purpose of this part of IEC 62127 is to bring together all these specifications and to establish a common standard on the properties of ultrasonic hydrophones. The main hydrophone application in this contex
30、t is the measurement of ultrasonic fields emitted by medical diagnostic equipment in water. Other medical applications are field measurements for therapy equipment such as that used in lithotripsy, high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) and physiotherapy. Hydrophones are also used extensively in n
31、on-medical applications for both product development and quality control including: mapping of the ultrasound field within ultrasonic cleaning baths; characterization of acoustic fields used in transmission measurement systems (e.g. ultrasonic spectrometers, ultrasonic attenuation meters and velocim
32、eters); characterization of acoustic fields used in reflection measurement systems (e.g. Doppler flowmeters). While the term “hydrophone“ can be used in a wider sense, it is understood here as referring to miniature piezoelectric hydrophones. It is this instrument type that is used today in various
33、areas of ultrasonics and, in particular, to quantitatively characterize the field structure of medical diagnostic instruments. With regard to other pressure sensor types, such as those based on fibre optics, some of the requirements of this standard are applicable to these as well but others are not
34、. If in the future these other “hydrophone“ types gain more importance in field measurement practice, their properties will have to be dealt with in a revised version of this standard or in a separate one. Underwater hydrophones as covered by IEC 60500 and IEC 60565 are not included in this standard
35、, although there is an overlap in the frequency ranges. Underwater hydrophones are used in natural waters, even in the ocean, and this leads to different technical concepts and requirements. In addition, the main direction of acoustic incidence in underwater applications is typically at right angles
36、 to the hydrophone axis, whereas it is assumed in this standard that it is in the direction of the hydrophone axis. In the past, ultrasonic hydrophones have been applied almost exclusively as amplitude sensors. At present a change can be seen and it is increasingly considered useful to have addition
37、al phase information, which, however, is only possible if the phase characteristics of the hydrophone have been determined during calibration. In this standard, therefore, requirements are specified for the amplitude aspect of the hydrophone sensitivity, and recommendations are provided for the phas
38、e aspect, as an option to be considered. 6 62127-3 IEC:2007(E) ULTRASONICS HYDROPHONES Part 3: Properties of hydrophones for ultrasonic fields up to 40 MHz 1 Scope This part of IEC 62127 specifies relevant hydrophone characteristics. This standard is applicable to: hydrophones employing piezoelectri
39、c sensor elements, designed to measure the pulsed and continuous wave ultrasonic fields generated by ultrasonic equipment; hydrophones used for measurements made in water; hydrophones with or without an associated pre-amplifier. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispens
40、able for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC 62127-1, Ultrasonics Hydrophones Part 1: Measurement and characterization of medical ultrason
41、ic fields up to 40 MHz IEC 62127-2, Ultrasonics Hydrophones Part 2: Calibration for ultrasonic fields up to 40 MHz 3 Terms, definitions and symbols For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 62127-1, IEC 62127-2 and the following apply. 3.1 directional response descrip
42、tion, generally presented graphically, of the response of a hydrophone, as a function of direction of propagation of the incident plane sound wave, in a specified plane through the reference centre and at a specified frequency NOTE Definition adopted from IEC 60565:2006. 3.2 effective hydrophone rad
43、ius ah, ah3, ah6radius of a stiff disc receiver hydrophone that has a predicted directional response function with an angular width equal to the observed angular width NOTE 1 The angular width is determined at a specified level below the peak of the directional response function. For the specified l
44、evels of 3 dB and 6 dB, the radii are denoted by ah3and ah6respectively.NOTE 2 The radius is usually the function of frequency. For representative experimental data, see 1. NOTE 3 The effective hydrophone radius is expressed in metres (m). 62127-3 IEC:2007(E) 7 3.3 electric load impedance ZLcomplex
45、electric input impedance (consisting of a real and an imaginary part) to which the hydrophone or hydrophone assembly output is connected or is to be connected NOTE The electric load impedance is expressed in ohms (). 3.4 end-of-cable specification that relates to the end of the integral output cable
46、 if the hydrophone or hydrophone assembly is provided with such a cable; if the hydrophone or hydrophone assembly is not provided with an integral output cable, the specification relates to the output connector firmly connected with the hydrophone or hydrophone assembly, not to an extra cable 3.5 en
47、d-of-cable loaded sensitivity end-of-cable loaded sensitivity of a hydrophone or hydrophone assembly MLratio of the instantaneous voltage at the end of any integral cable or output connector of a hydrophone or hydrophone assembly, when connected to a specified electric load impedance, to the instant
48、aneous acoustic pressure in the undisturbed free field of a plane wave in the position of the reference centre of the hydrophone if the hydrophone were removed NOTE End-of-cable loaded sensitivity is expressed in volts per pascal (V/Pa). 3.6 end-of-cable open-circuit sensitivity end-of-cable open-ci
49、rcuit sensitivity of a hydrophone Mcratio of the instantaneous, open-circuit voltage at the end of any integral cable or output connector of a hydrophone to the instantaneous acoustic pressure in the undisturbed free field of a plane wave in the position of the reference centre of the hydrophone if the hydrophone were removed NOTE 1 End-of-cable open-circuit sensitivity is expressed in volts per pascal (V/Pa). NOTE 2 This corresponds to the free field sensitivity as defined
