1、Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 17Marine Measurement Section 4Method for Quantification of Small Volumes on Marine Vessels (OBQ/ROB) FIRST EDITION, OCTOBER 1994 REAFFIRMED, AUGUST 2009 ERRATA, SEPTEMBER 2004Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 17Marine Measurement Sect
2、ion 4Method for Quantification of Small Volumes on Marine Vessels (OBQ/ROB) Measurement Coordination FIRST EDITION, OCTOBER 1994 REAFFIRMED, AUGUST 2009 ERRATA, SEPTEMBER 2004 SPECIAL NOTESAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to partic- ular circumstances,
3、local, state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed. API is not undertaking to meet the duties of employers, manufacturers, or suppliers to warn and properly train and equip their employees, and others exposed, concerning health and safety risks and precautions, nor undertaking their o
4、bligations under local, state, or fed- eral laws. Information concerning safety and health risks and proper precautions with respect to par- ticular materials and conditions should be obtained from the employer, the manufacturer or supplier of that material, or the material safety data sheet. Nothin
5、g contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, for the manufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or prod- uct covered by letters patent. Neither should anything contained in the publication be con- strued as insuring anyone against
6、 liability for infringement of letters patent. Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, reafrmed, or withdrawn at least every ve years. Sometimes a one-time extension of up to two years will be added to this review cycle. This publication will no longer be in effect ve years after its publ
7、ication date as an operative API standard or, where an extension has been granted, upon republication. Status of the publication can be ascertained from the API Standards department telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications, programs and services is published annually and updated biann
8、ually by API, and available through Global Engineering Documents, 15 Inv- erness Way East, M/S C303B, Englewood, CO 80112-5776, . This document was produced under API standardization procedures that ensure appropri- ate notication and participation in the developmental process and is designated as a
9、n API standard. Questions concerning the interpretation of the content of this standard or com- ments and questions concerning the procedures under which this standard was developed should be directed in writing to the Director of the Standards department, American Petro- leum Institute, 1220 L Stre
10、et, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate all or any part of the material published herein should be addressed to the Director, Business Services. API standards are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineer- ing and operating p
11、ractices. These standards are not intended to obviate the need for apply- ing sound engineering judgment regarding when and where these standards should be utilized. The formulation and publication of API standards is not intended in any way to inhibit anyone from using any other practices. Any manu
12、facturer marking equipment or materials in conformance with the marking requirements of an API standard is solely responsible for complying with all the applicable requirements of that standard. API does not represent, warrant, or guarantee that such prod- ucts do in fact conform to the applicable A
13、PI standard.All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Contact the Publisher, API Publishing Services, 1220
14、 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.Copyright 2004 American Petroleum Institute FOREWORDAPI publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made by the Institute to assure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, the Institute makes no repr
15、esentation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publication and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resulting from its use or for the violation of any federal, state, or municipal regulation with which this publication may conict. Suggested revisi
16、ons are invited and should be submitted to API, Standards department, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005, standardsapi.org.iiiv CONTENTS Page SECTION 4METHOD FOR QUANTIFICATION OF SMALL VOLUMES ON MARINE VESSELS (OBQ/ROB) 17.4.0 Introduction 1 17.4.1 Scope and Field of Application 1 17.4.2 Refe
17、renced Publications . 1 17.4.3 Definitions 1 17.4.4 Safety and Health Considerations 2 17.4.5 Quantification Procedures 2 17.4.5.1 Gauging 2 17.4.5.2 Temperatures 2 17.4.5.3 Sampling 2 17.4.5.4 Vessel Cargo Lines and Pumps 2 17.4.5.5 Slops . 2 17.4.6 OBQ/ROB Characteristics 3 17.4.6.1 Liquid Materia
18、l 3 17.4.6.2 Nonliquid Material . 3 17.4.7 Calculating Quantities 3 APPENDIX APRECAUTIONARY INFORMATION . 5 APPENDIX BCONFIGURATION EXAMPLES AND CALCULATIONS . 7 APPENDIX CON-BOARD QUANTITY/REMAINING ON BOARD REPORT . 13 APPENDIX DWEDGE CALCULATION 17 Figures B-1Nonliquid Only 7 B-2Single Liquid in
19、Contact with All Four Bulkheads . 7 B-3Single Liquid in Contact with Three Bulkheads Only . 8 B-4Single Liquid Above Nonliquid (Liquid in Contact with All Four Bulkheads) 9 B-5Single Liquid Above Nonliquid (Liquid in Contact with Three Bulkheads Only) 9 B-6Two Liquids (Both Liquids in Contact with A
20、ll Four Bulkheads) 10 B-7Two Liquids (Lower Liquid in Contact with Three Bulkheads Only) . 10 B-8Two Liquids (Both Liquids in Contact with Three Bulkheads Only) 10 B-9Two Liquids with a Nonliquid Lower Layer (Lower Layer Liquid in Contact with Three Bulkheads Only) . 11 B-10Two Liquids with a Nonliq
21、uid Lower Layer (Lower Layer Liquid in Contact with All Four Bulkheads) . 11 B-11Two Liquids with a Nonliquid Lower Layer (Both Liquids in Contact with Three Bulkheads Only) . 1117.4.0 Introduction The purpose of this standard is to provide a method for de- termining the small volumes of on-board qu
22、antity (OBQ) prior to loading a vessel or material remaining on board (ROB) a vessel upon completion of discharge. 17.4.1 Scope and Field of Application This standard applies only to quantification by manual gauging of small volumes on marine vessels prior to loading or upon completion of discharge.
23、 It does not address clin- gage, hydrocarbon vapors, cargoes in transit, or cargo pumpability (refer to API MPMS Chapter 3). 17.4.2 Referenced Publications The following publications are cited in this standard: ACGIH 1 Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents in the Work En
24、vironment API Publ 2026 Safe Descent Onto Floating Roofs of Tanks in Petroleum Service Publ 2217 Guidelines for Confined Space Work in the Petroleum Industry Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 1, “V ocabulary” Chapter 3, “Tank Gauging,” Section 1A, “Standard Practice for the Manual Ga
25、uging of Petroleum and Petroleum Products” Chapter 7, “Temperature Determination,” Chapter 8, “Sampling,” Section 1, “Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products” Chapter 17, “Marine Measurement,” Section 1, “Guidelines for Marine Cargo Inspection”; Section 2, “Measurement of Cargoes On Boar
26、d Tank Vessels” ICS 2 /OCIMF 3 /IAPH 4 International Safety Guide for Oil Tankers and Terminals (ISGOTT) 5 OSHA 6 Occupational Safety and Health Standards, 29 Code of Federal Regulations Section 1910.1000 and following 17.4.3 Definitions For the purposes of this standard, the following definitions a
27、pply. 17.4.3.1 clingage: cargo that adheres to all surfaces of the emptied portion of the tank other than bottom surfaces. 17.4.3.2 liquid volume: the measurable amount of ma- terial that is free flowing at the time of measurement. 17.4.3.3 multipoint gauging: the activity of measur- ing cargo in a
28、vessel tank through two or more openings in the top of the tank. 17.4.3.4 nonliquid volume: the measurable amount of material that is not free flowing at the time of measurement. Nonliquid material may include any one or a combination of hydrocarbon waxes, water/oil emulsions, sediment, or solid- if
29、ied cargo. 17.4.3.5 on-board quantity (OBQ): the material pre- sent in a vessels cargo tanks, void spaces, and pipelines be- fore the vessel is loaded. On-board quantity may include any combination of water, oil, slops, oil residue, oil/water emul- sion, and sediment. 17.4.3.6 remaining on board (RO
30、B): the material re- maining in a vessels cargo tanks, void spaces, and pipelines after the cargo is discharged. Remaining on board quantity may include any combination of water, oil, slops, oil residue, oil/water emulsion, and sediment. 1 Chapter 17Marine Measurement SECTION 4METHOD FOR QUANTIFICAT
31、ION OF SMALL VOLUMES ON MARINE VESSELS (OBQ/ROB) 1 American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 6500 Glen- way Avenue, Building D-7, Cincinnati, Ohio 45211. 2 International Chamber of Shipping, 30/32 Mary Axe Street, London EC3A 8ET, England. 3 Oil Companies International Marine Forum,
32、 Portland House, 6th Floor, Stag Place, London SW1E 5BH, England. 4 International Association of Ports and Harbors, Kotohira-Kaikan Building, 2-8, Toranomon 1-Chome Minato-Ku, Tokyo 105, Japan. 5 ISGOTT is available from Witherby Appendix D also provides a wedge calculation worksheet. 2C HAPTER 17MA
33、RINE MEASUREMENT 0417.4.6 OBQ/ROB Characteristics Care must be taken to determine the liquid or nonliquid nature of OBQ/ROB. Both liquid and nonliquid material may co-exist in the same vessel compartment. 17.4.6.1 LIQUID MATERIAL Liquid material may include any one or a combination of liquid petrole
34、um, suspended sediment and water, or free wa- ter. The free water interface can often be measured with wa- ter-finding paste or an electronic interface detector. To accurately determine the composition of liquid material, samples must be taken and examined or tested. 17.4.6.1.1 When a vessel is not
35、on an even keel, liquid vol- umes must be quantified by trim/list correction, wedge table, or wedge formula. When liquid contacts all bulkheads, a trim correction must be applied to the vessel tank calibration ta- bles, or a trim table must be used. If liquid does not contact all bulkheads, a wedge
36、table or the wedge formula must be used. See Appendix D. 17.4.6.1.2 Liquid may lie on top of nonliquid in the same compartment. When gauging indicates the presence of both liquid and nonliquid material, the liquid volume is calculated by subtracting the nonliquid volume from the total observed volum
37、e of OBQ/ROB in the compartment. 17.4.6.2 NONLIQUID MATERIAL 17.4.6.2.1 To accurately determine the composition of nonliquid material, samples must be taken and examined or tested. 17.4.6.2.2 Nonliquid material may be in a wedge condi- tion. Multipoint gauging is recommended to determine if a wedge
38、condition exists. 17.4.6.2.2.1 Since the wedge formula uses a trim factor to determine the quantity, an accurate calculation will not be possible without knowing the trim of the vessel at the time the material solidified. 17.4.6.2.2.2 If the material measured is not a wedge, the average of the multi
39、ple readings should be used for volume determination. However, if only one gauge point is available, the material shall be assumed to be evenly distributed over the tank bottom. 17.4.7 Calculating Quantities After carefully assessing the configuration of the material in the tank, calculate the materials volume according to the illustrative examples, formulae, and forms given in Ap- pendixes B through D. SECTION 4METHOD FOR QUANTIFICATION OF SMALL VOLUMES ON MARINE VESSELS (OBQ/ROB) 3
