1、Designation: E1209 18Standard Practice forFluorescent Liquid Penetrant Testing Using the Water-Washable Process1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1209; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of
2、last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This practice2covers procedures for water-washablefluorescent penetrant testing of materials. It is a nondestructivet
3、esting method for detecting discontinuities that are open to thesurface such as cracks, seams, laps, cold shuts, laminations,isolated porosity, through leaks, or lack of porosity and isapplicable to in-process, final, and maintenance examination. Itcan be effectively used in the examination of nonpo
4、rous,metallic materials, both ferrous and nonferrous, and of nonme-tallic materials such as glazed or fully densified ceramics andcertain nonporous plastics and glass.1.2 This practice also provides a reference:1.2.1 By which a fluorescent penetrant testing method usingthe water-washable process rec
5、ommended or required byindividual organizations can be reviewed to ascertain itsapplicability and completeness.1.2.2 For use in the preparation of process specificationsdealing with the water-washable fluorescent penetrant exami-nation of materials and parts. Agreement by the purchaser andthe manufa
6、cturer regarding specific techniques is stronglyrecommended.1.2.3 For use in the organization of the facilities andpersonnel concerned with the liquid penetrant testing.1.3 This practice does not indicate or suggest standards forevaluation of the indications obtained. It should be pointed out,howeve
7、r, that indications must be interpreted or classified andthen evaluated. For this purpose there must be a separate codeor specification or a specific agreement to define the type, size,location, and direction of indications considered acceptable,and those considered unacceptable.1.4 The values state
8、d in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.5 All areas of this document may be open to agreementbetween the cognizant engineering organization and
9、 thesupplier, or specific direction from the cognizant engineeringorganization (CEO).1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmen
10、tal practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, G
11、uides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Gen-eral High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)D516 Test Method for Sulfate Ion in WaterD808
12、Test Method for Chlorine in New and Used PetroleumProducts (High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)D1552 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byHigh Temperature Combustion and Infrared (IR) Detec-tion or Thermal Conductivity Detection (TCD)E165/E165M Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examinat
13、ion forGeneral IndustryE433 Reference Photographs for Liquid Penetrant Inspec-tionE543 Specification for Agencies Performing NondestructiveTestingE1219 Practice for Fluorescent Liquid Penetrant TestingUsing the Solvent-Removable ProcessE1316 Terminology for Nondestructive ExaminationsE2297 Guide for
14、 Use of UV-Aand Visible Light Sources andMeters used in the Liquid Penetrant and Magnetic ParticleMethods1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde-structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.03 on LiquidPenetrant and Magnetic Particle Methods.
15、Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2018. Published December 2018. Originallyapproved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as E1209-10. DOI:10.1520/E1209-18.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related TestMethod SE-1209 in Section II of that Code.3For referenced ASTM s
16、tandards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM Int
17、ernational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards
18、, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1E3022 Practice for Measurement of Emission Characteris-tics and Requirements for LED UV-A Lamps Used inFluorescent Penetrant and Magnetic Particle Testing2.2 ASNT Documents:4Recommended P
19、ractice SNT-TC-1A Personnel Qualifica-tion and Certification in Nondestructive TestingANSI/ASNT-CP-189 Qualification and Certification of NDTPersonnel2.3 ISO Standard:5ISO 9712 Non-destructive Testing Qualification and Cer-tification of NDT Personnel2.4 AMS Standard:6AMS 2644 Inspection Material, Pe
20、netrant2.5 AIA Standard:7NAS 410 Certification and Qualification of NondestructiveTest Personnel2.6 Department of Defense (DoD) ContractsUnless oth-erwise specified, the issue of the documents that are DoDadopted are those listed in the issue of the DoDISS (Depart-ment of Defense Index of Specificat
21、ions and Standards) citedin the solicitation.2.7 Order of PrecedenceIn the event of conflict betweenthe text of this practice and the references cited herein, the textof this practice takes precedence.3. Terminology3.1 Definitionsdefinitions relating to liquid penetranttesting, which appear in Termi
22、nology E1316, shall apply to theterms used in this practice.NOTE 1Throughout this practice, the term blacklight has beenchanged to UV-A to conform with the latest terminology in TerminologyE1316. Blacklight can mean a broad range of ultraviolet radiation;fluorescent penetrant testing only uses the U
23、V-A range.4. Summary of Practice4.1 A liquid penetrant is applied evenly over the surfacebeing examined and allowed to enter open discontinuities.After a suitable dwell time, the excess surface penetrant isremoved with water and the surface is dried prior to theapplication of a dry or nonaqueous dev
24、eloper. A developer isthen applied, drawing the entrapped penetrant out of thediscontinuity and staining the developer. If an aqueous devel-oper is to be employed, the developer is applied prior to thedrying step. The test surface is then examined visually underUV-Aradiation in a darkened area to de
25、termine the presence orabsence of indications. (WarningFluorescent penetrant test-ing shall not follow a visible penetrant testing unless theprocedure has been qualified in accordance with 9.2, becausevisible dyes may cause deterioration or quenching of fluores-cent dyes.)NOTE 2The developer may be
26、omitted by agreement betweenpurchaser and supplier.4.2 The selection of particular water-washable penetrantprocess parameters depends upon the nature of the application,condition under which the examination is to be performed,availability of processing equipment, and type of materials toperform the
27、examination. (WarningA controlled method forapplying water and disposing of the water is essential.)4.3 Processing parameters, such as precleaning, penetrationtime, and wash times, are determined by the specific materialsused, the nature of the part under examination (that is, size,shape, surface co
28、ndition, alloy), and type of discontinuitiesexpected.5. Significance and Use5.1 Liquid penetrant testing methods indicate the presence,location, and, to a limited extent, the nature and magnitude ofthe detected discontinuities. This method is normally used forproduction inspection of large volumes o
29、f parts or structures,where emphasis is on productivity. The method enjoys a widelatitude in applicability when extensive and controlled condi-tions are available. Multiple levels of sensitivity can beachieved by proper selection of materials and variations inprocess.6. Reagents and Materials6.1 Liq
30、uid Fluorescent Penetrant Testing Materials(see Note 3) for use in the water-washable process consist of afamily of fluorescent water-washable penetrants and appropri-ate developers and are classified as Type I Fluorescent, MethodAWater-Washable. Penetrants shall conform to AMS 2644unless approved b
31、y the contract or Level III. Intermixing ofmaterials from various manufacturers is not recommended.NOTE 3Refer to 8.1 for special requirements for sulfur, halogen, andalkali metal content. (WarningWhile approved penetrant materials willnot adversely affect common metallic materials, some plastics or
32、 rubbersmay be swollen or stained by certain penetrants.)6.2 Water-Washable Penetrants are designed to be directlywater-washable from the surface of the test part after a suitablepenetrant dwell time. Because the emulsifier is “built-in” to thewater-washable penetrant, it is extremely important to e
33、xerciseproper process control in removal of excess surface penetrantto assure against overwashing. Water-washable penetrants canbe washed out of discontinuities if the rinsing step is too longor too vigorous. Some penetrants are less resistant to over-washing than others.6.3 DevelopersDevelopment of
34、 penetrant indications isthe process of bringing the penetrant out of open discontinui-ties through blotting action of the applied developer, thusincreasing the visibility of the penetrant indications. Severaltypes of developers are suitable for use with the fluorescentpenetrant water-washable proce
35、ss. (WarningAqueous de-velopers may cause stripping of indications if not properlyapplied and controlled. The procedure shall be qualified inaccordance with 9.2.)4Available from TheAmerican Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O.Box 28518, 1711 Arlingate Lane, Columbus, OH 43228-0518.5Availa
36、ble from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.6Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale,PA 15096, http:/www.sae.org.7Available from Aerospace Industries Association (AIA), 1000 Wilson Blvd.,Suit
37、e 1700, Arlington, VA 22209, http:/www.aia-aerospace.org.E1209 1826.3.1 Dry Powder Developers are used as supplied (that is,free-flowing, noncaking powder) in accordance with 7.1.7.1(a).Care should be taken not to contaminate the developer withfluorescent penetrant, as the specks can appear as indic
38、ations.6.3.2 Aqueous Developers are normally supplied as drypowder particles to be either suspended or dissolved (soluble)in water. The concentration, use, and maintenance shall be inaccordance with the manufacturers recommendations (see7.1.7.1(b).6.3.3 Nonaqueous, Wet Developers are supplied as sus
39、pen-sions of developer particles in nonaqueous, solvent carriersready for use as supplied. Nonaqueous, wet developers form acoating on the surface of the part when dried, which serves asthe developing medium for fluorescent penetrants (see7.1.7.1(c). (WarningThis type of developer is intended forapp
40、lication by spray only.)6.3.4 Liquid Film Developers are solutions or colloidalsuspensions of resins/polymer in a suitable carrier. Thesedevelopers will form a transparent or translucent coating on thesurface of the part. Certain types of film developer will fixindications and may be stripped from t
41、he part and retained forrecord purposes (see 7.1.7.1(d).7. Procedure7.1 The following general procedure applies to the fluores-cent penetrant testing water-washable method (see Fig. 1).7.1.1 Temperature LimitsThe temperature of the penetrantmaterials and the surface of the part to be processed shoul
42、d bebetween 40 and 125F (4 and 52C). Where it is not practicalto comply with these temperature limitations, qualify theprocedure at the temperature of intended use as described in9.2.7.1.2 Surface Conditioning Prior to Penetrant InspectionSatisfactory results can usually be obtained on surfaces in t
43、heas-welded, as-rolled, as-cast, or as-forged conditions or forceramics in the densified condition. The more sensitive pen-etrants are generally less easily rinsed away and are thereforeless suitable for rougher surfaces. When only loose surfaceresiduals are present, these may be removed by wiping t
44、hesurface with clean lint-free cloths. However, precleaning ofmetals to remove processing residuals such as oil, graphite,scale, insulating materials, coatings, and so forth, should bedone using cleaning solvents, vapor degreasing, or chemicalremoving processes. Surface conditioning by grinding,mach
45、ining, polishing, or etching shall follow shot, sand, grit,and vapor blasting to remove the peened skin and whenpenetrant entrapment in surface irregularities might mask theindications of unacceptable discontinuities or otherwise inter-fere with the effectiveness of the examination. For metals,unles
46、s otherwise specified, etching shall be performed whenevidence exists that previous cleaning, surface treatments, orservice usage have produced a surface condition that degradesIncoming PartsAlkaline Steam Vapor Degrease Solvent Wash Acid EtchPRECLEAN(See 7.1.3.1)Mechanical Paint Stripper Ultrasonic
47、 DetergentDRY(See 7.1.3.2)DryPENETRANTAPPLICATION(See 7.1.4)Apply Water-WashablePenetrantFINAL RINSE(See 7.1.5)Water WashSpray DipDRY(See 7.1.6)DEVELOP(See 7.1.7)Developer(Aqueous)DryDEVELOP(See 7.1.7)DRY(See 7.1.6)Developer,Dry,NonaqueousorLiquid FilmDryEXAMINE(See 7.1.8)ExamineWater Rinse Detergen
48、t MechanicalWashPOST CLEAN(See 7.1.10 andPrac-tice E165/E165M,Annex onPost Cleaning.)DryVapor Degrease Solvent Soak Ultrasonic CleanOutgoing PartsFIG. 1 General Procedure Flowsheet for Fluorescent Penetrant Testing Using the Water-Washable ProcessE1209 183the effectiveness of the examination. (See A
49、nnex on CleaningParts and Materials in Practice E165/E165M for generalprecautions relative to surface preparation.)NOTE 4When agreed between purchaser and supplier, grit blastingwithout subsequent etching may be an acceptable cleaning method.(WarningSand or shot blasting may possibly close indications andextreme care should be used with grinding and machining operations.)NOTE 5For structural or electronic ceramics, surface preparation bygrinding, sand blasting, and etching for penetrant testing is not recom-mended because of the potential for damage.7.
