1、Designation: E2357 17E2357 18Standard Test Method forDetermining Air Leakage Rate of Air Barrier Assemblies1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2357; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last
2、 revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the air leakage rate of air barrier assemblies that are used in buildingenclo
3、sures. This procedure measures the air leakage of a representative air barrier assembly before and after exposure to specificconditioning cycles and then assigns a rating dependent upon the results. Although this is a laboratory procedure, the method mayalso be applied to site mockups.1.2 The values
4、 stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate saf
5、ety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability ofregulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of Int
6、ernational Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E283 Test Method for Determining Rate of Air Leakage Through Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors Under SpecifiedPressur
7、e Differences Across the SpecimenE330/E330M Test Method for Structural Performance of Exterior Windows, Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls by UniformStatic Air Pressure DifferenceE631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE783 Test Method for Field Measurement of Air Leakage Through Installed Exterio
8、r Windows and DoorsE1424 Test Method for Determining the Rate of Air Leakage Through Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors UnderSpecified Pressure and Temperature Differences Across the SpecimenE1677 Specification for Air Barrier (AB) Material or System for Low-Rise Framed Building WallsE2178 T
9、est Method for Air Permeance of Building Materials3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of general terms related to building construction used in this test method, refer to Terminology E631.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 air barriera designated “plane” of redu
10、ced air flow between different environments.3.2.2 air barrier accessorya transitional component of the air barrier that provides continuity.3.2.3 air barrier assemblythe air barrier materials and accessories that provide a continuous designated plane to the movementof air through portions of buildin
11、g enclosure assemblies.3.2.4 air barrier materiala primary element that provides a continuous barrier to the movement of air.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E06 on Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.41 on Air Leakageand Ventila
12、tion Performance.Current edition approved June 1, 2017Oct. 1, 2018. Published August 2017November 2018. Originally approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 20112017as E2357-11.17. DOI: 10.1520/E2357-17.10.1520/E235718.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or
13、 contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes hav
14、e been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official doc
15、ument.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.2.5 air barrier systema combination of air barrier assemblies installed to provide a continuous barrier to the movement ofair through building enclosures.3.2.6 air leakage rateth
16、e quantitative measure of air passage through a set surface area of an assembly within a given timeperiod under a pressure differential between the two sides of the assembly.3.2.7 building enclosurea system of building components and materials designed and installed in such a manner as to providea b
17、arrier between different environments, including dissimilar interior environments.3.2.8 continuityan uninterrupted succession of an air barrier materials, accessories and assemblies.3.2.9 durabilitythe ability of a building component to perform its required functions over a period of time within the
18、environment to which it is exposed.3.2.10 negative pressureair pressure on one side of a building enclosure lower than on the other side.3.2.11 positive pressureair pressure on one side of a building enclosure higher than on the other side.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method establishes a
19、specimen preparation protocol with which an air barrier assembly may be evaluated. A testspecimen is constructed and tested in separate pressures. Up to three specimens are constructed, each additionally representingdifferent field conditions. Specimen 3 is optional and may be combined with Specimen
20、 2. By applying air pressure differentialsacross the specimens in stages, the air barrier and system components may be evaluated as to their specific air leakage.5. Significance and Use5.1 This method is intended to simulate the performance of various air barrier materials/accessories when combined
21、into anassembly. Based upon the results of the measurements, this procedure then assigns an air leakage rating for the air barrier assembly.5.2 This method does not purport to establish all criteria necessary for consideration in the selection of an air barrier assembly.The results are intended to b
22、e used for comparison purposes and may not represent the field installed performance of the air barrierassembly when installed as part of an air barrier system in a building. However, the results of these tests may be useful indetermining the appropriate use of a specified air barrier system assembl
23、y.5.3 This method does not purport to establish all criteria necessary for air barrier systems of all construction types. Test MethodE2178 provides an air permeance test method for testing of some air barrier materials. Specification E1677 provides a specificationfor air barrier systems for low-rise
24、 framed building walls.6. Sampling6.1 For each air barrier assembly, up to three specimens shall be tested as described in AnnexA1. The proponent may elect notto prepare and test specimen three or combine the details of Specimen 3 with Specimen 2.7. Test Apparatus7.1 The description of the apparatus
25、 in this section is general in nature. Any suitable arrangement of equipment capable ofmaintaining the required test tolerances is permitted.7.2 Test ChamberA well-sealed box, wall, or other apparatus into or against which the specimen is mounted and secured fortesting. An air supply shall be provid
26、ed to allow a positive or negative pressure differential to be applied across the specimenwithout significant extraneous losses. The chamber shall be capable of withstanding the differential test pressures that may beencountered in this procedure. At least one static air pressure tap shall be provid
27、ed on each side of the specimen to measure thetest pressure differences. The pressure tap shall be located in an area of the chamber in which pressure readings will not be affectedby any supply air. The air supply opening to the chamber shall be located in an area in which it does not directly impin
28、ge uponthe test specimen.7.2.1 Supply Air SystemA controllable blower, exhaust fan, or reversible blower designed to provide the required air flow atthe specified test pressure difference. The system should provide essentially constant air flow and cyclic loads at the specified testpressure differen
29、ce for a time period sufficient to obtain readings of air flow.7.2.2 Pressure Measuring ApparatusA device to measure the differential test pressures to 62 % of setpoint or 62.5 Pa,whichever is greater.7.2.3 Air Flow Metering SystemA device to measure the air flow into the test chamber or through the
30、 test specimen.7.3 This test method is intended for laboratory use. Persons interested in performing field air leakage tests on air barrierassemblies should reference Test Method E783.8. Sample Preparation8.1 Air Leakage and Structural Performance Tests:E2357 1828.1.1 As the air barrier assembly is
31、site-assembled, the specimens tested shall be representative of the site assembly. Thereforethe test specimens shall be fabricated as prescribed by the proponent in providing for the specimen construction required herein.8.2 Air Leakage and Structural Performance Test Specimens:8.2.1 This test metho
32、d specifies a minimum of (2) specimens for testing. Annex A2 describes the requirements of the testspecimens. To meet these requirements, one specimen shall be an opaque wall (Fig. A1.1) and one specimen shall havepenetrations, terminations and connections as outlined in Annex A2, Fig. A1.2. The tes
33、t specimens are to be conditioned prior tobeing submitted to the structural performance qualification test program and subsequently, to the air leakage rate procedure.Photographs are to be taken of original test specimens including joining details.8.3 Conditioning for Tests:8.3.1 Unless otherwise st
34、ated, the specimens shall be tested “as received.” No modifications to the proponents assemblyinstructions are permitted.8.3.2 If the evaluation of the aged performance of the air barrier assemblies is desired by the proponent, the specimens may beconditioned prior too testing by exposure, ultraviol
35、et radiation or thermal cycling, or both.9. Test Procedure9.1 Air Leakage:9.1.1 The air leakage rate shall be measured at each of the air pressure differences across the test specimen in accordance withTest Method E283.9.1.2 Air Leakage Test ConditionsThe air leakage rate of the specimens, for both
36、positive and negative cases, shall bedetermined with a minimum of seven (7) measurements conducted across the sample in accordance with Test Method E283. Theseven (7) measurements shall be as follows: 25 Pa, 50 Pa, 75 Pa, 100 Pa, 150 Pa, 250 Pa, and 300 Pa.9.1.3 ResultsThe air leakage results for ea
37、ch test series shall be curve fit using a least squares procedure to establish therelationship between pressure difference and leakage. See 11.4 for the data fitting requirements.9.2 Wind Pressure Conditioning:9.2.1 After the initial leakage testing, the specimen shall be exposed to the pressure loa
38、ding in Table 1. The loading schedulefor application of positive and negative pressure shall be as outlined by the graph presented in Annex A3 at the maximum valuescontained in Table 1 for sustained loads, cyclic loads and gust loads.9.2.2 Observations to be ReportedAfter each loading stage (sustain
39、ed, cyclic or gust loading), the air barrier assembly shallbe inspected by the testing agency for signs of fracture, delamination, loosening of fasteners, and so forth. The air barrier assemblyshall not demonstrate any change in structure, which would affect the integrity of the assembly. Photograph
40、s are to be taken of anyfailures.9.3 Post Conditioning Air Permeance:9.3.1 The air leakage test of 9.1 shall be repeated after the conditioning listed in 9.2. The post conditioning permeance valuesshall be used to establish the system rate. (See Section 10.)9.4 Deflection Measurements:9.4.1 Maximum
41、deflections of the air barrier material and the test specimen shall be recorded at the wind pressures as outlinedin Table 2 for both positive and negative pressures. The measurements shall be taken after the post conditioning leakage tests of9.3.TABLE 1 Sustained Loads, Cyclic Loads and Gust LoadsNO
42、TE 1The wind loads specified in Table 1 are not intended to represent conditions for a specific building; rather they are intended to provide auniform basis for comparison purposes. The wind loads are based on the assumption that the air barrier will take the full wind load and that the air barrierw
43、ould see two severe storms in the first 15 years in service, The Q10 design values of 400/600 Pa for sustained wind conditions originates from valuesin the National Building Code of Canada for window design. Design values for window glass area were used because windows are part of both exteriorenvel
44、ope and the air barrier, and must take the full wind load on the building. The user may consult the map in Fig. 1 (Basic Wind Speeds in Miles perHour), Specification E1677, and Test Method E330/E330M for guidance on wind speeds for the area where a specific building is or will be located.For geograp
45、hical areaswhere pressure designvalue isSpecimens as inaccordance with Appendix X1for wood frame, metalor masonryP1, P1sustained for 1 hA(Pa)P2, P22000 cyclesB(Pa)P3, P3gust wind(Pa)Q10 0.20 kPa Specimen 1, 2, 3 600 800 1200A Specimens shall be conditioned for a minimum of 24 h at laboratory conditi
46、ons prior to loading.B The 2000 cycles can be applied in either four stages of 500 cycles per stage or two stages of 1000 cycles per state, with pressure direction reversal occurring betweenstages.See Annex A3 for reference to P1, P1, P2, P2, P3 and P3.E2357 18310. Calculation10.1 Establishing Air L
47、eakage Rate:10.1.1 The determination of the air leakage rate for the assembly shall be based on the results of tests of the wall assembliesas shown in Annex A1. The referenced air leakage rate for each wall assembly shall be the higher data point value leakage rateat 75 Pa for the exfiltration and i
48、nfiltration cases.10.1.1.1 The reference base air leakage rate at 75 Pa determined for Specimen 1, the Opaque Wall, shall be the system airleakage rating assigned to the assembly provided that the air leakage at 75 Pa obtained for Specimen 2 is no more than 10 % greaterthan the reference base air le
49、akage for Specimen 1. The air leakage rate of the specimen to be reported, for both positive andnegative cases, shall be the air leakage rate of the specimen after it has been subjected to the structural loading schedule inaccordance with 9.2. (Regression line must go through point of origin or assembly behavior during test must be explained.)11. Report11.1 Report the following information:11.1.1 GeneralTesting agency, date and time of test, and date of report.11.1.2 Sample DescriptionProponent, product manufacturer, product type, related materials, a
