1、IEEE Std 1425-2001IEEE Standards1425TMIEEE Guide for the Evaluation of theRemaining Life of Impregnated Paper-Insulated Transmission CableSystemsPublished by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA29 March 2002IEEE Power Engineering Soci
2、etySponsored by theInsulated Conductors CommitteeIEEE StandardsPrint: SH94965PDF: SS94965Recognized as anAmerican National Standard (ANSI)The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USACopyright 2001 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronic
3、s Engineers, Inc.All rights reserved. Published 29 March 2002. Printed in the United States of America.Print: ISBN 0-7381-3072-9 SH94965PDF: ISBN 0-7381-3073-7 SS94965No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written
4、permission of the publisher.IEEE Std 1425-2001 (R2007)IEEE Guide for the Evaluation of the Remaining Life of Impregnated Paper-Insulated Transmission Cable SystemsSponsorInsulating Conductors Committeeof thePower Engineering SocietyApproved 2 May 2002American National Standards InstituteReaffirmed 2
5、6 September 2007Approved 6 December 2001IEEE-SA Standards BoardAbstract: This guide provides technical information regarding factors that can affect the life of animpregnated paper-insulated transmission cable system, and it reviews available methods toevaluate the remaining life of such systems and
6、 preventive maintenance to extend their service life.Keywords: extra high voltage (EHV) cable, high-pressure fluid-filled (HPFF) cable, high-pressuregas-filled (HPGF) cable, impregnated paper-insulated transmission cable systems, self-containedliquid-filled (SCLF) cable, thermal-mechanical bendingIE
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23、validity orscope of those patents that are brought to its attention.Copyright 2002 IEEE. All rights reserved. iiiIntroduction(This introduction is not part of IEEE Std 1425-2001, IEEE Guide for the Evaluation of the Remaining Life ofImpregnated Paper-Insulated Transmission Cable Systems.)The end of
24、the Second World War saw unparalleled growth in the use of electrical energy in many areas ofthe world, driven by rapid population increases, reconstruction of urban infrastructure, industrialization, andnewly found prosperity. In order to meet the growing electrical energy demands, utilities made v
25、ery largeinvestments in new generation, substations, transmission, and distribution plants. In heavily populated, highload density urban areas, where sufficient rights-of-way were unavailable, transmission lines were installedunderground.Many of these underground transmission lines have now reached,
26、 or will soon reach, the end of theirtheoretical lives. This is understandably a time when many owners are alerted to the possibility of themortality of their lines and require information on remaining service life. Sometimes they are also alerted byrising maintenance costs, as equipment failure rat
27、es increase with age. In other cases, the maximum currentratings of underground cables are rapidly approached because of rising electrical loads or increased powertransfers, prompting review of uprating possibilities and system reinforcement alternatives. These issuesinevitably result in discussions
28、 on the remaining life of transmission cables and life extension strategies,usually with significant financial ramifications.From a broad perspective, it has been the practice to assume that end-of-life occurs when damage is soextensive that it becomes no longer economic to repair or maintain the ca
29、ble system, or when failures are sofrequent that the reliability of supply is compromised. However, failure of a localized part of the system maynot necessarily mean end-of-life for the whole. It is, therefore, useful to evaluate the remaining life of acable system in the context of the mortality of
30、 its individual components and its condition as a whole.ParticipantsThis guide was prepared by the members of Working Group C4 (3-58) of the Cable Systems Subcommitteeof the Insulated Conductors Committee of the IEEE Power Engineering Society. It is attributed to the effortsof many cable industry en
31、gineers who took the time to attend the working group meetings, participate in thediscussions, and comment on and edit the final document.The following is a list of participants in Working Group C4 (3-58). Special appreciation goes to memberswith an asterisk after their name for their effort in prep
32、aring the text.S. Michael Foty*, ChairJoseph T. Zimnoch*, Vice Chair,Mark S. AllenRichard W. Allen, Jr.Earle C. Bascom IIISankar P. BasuJean Marie BraunJohn H. Cooper*Stan Croall*John DensleySwapan DeyClaus DoenchJohn S. Engelhardt*Anthony ErnstReza GhafurianEdwin I. HahnDavid J. HorrocksJoseph S. J
33、ueTakashi Kojima*Albert KongStephen KozakW. Graham Lawson*G. Allen MacPhail*Shantanu NandiJohn Owen*Gary A. PolhillDavid W. PurnhagenHaran S. Radhakrishna*George Ed RogersGerry Sheerin*Nirmal SinghLawrence Y. TangFrank TetiSteve Walldorf*Jay A. Williamsiv Copyright 2002 IEEE. All rights reserved.The
34、 following members of the balloting committee voted on this standard. Balloters may have voted forapproval, disapproval, or abstention. When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this standard on 6 December 2001, it had the followingmembership:Donald N. Heirman, ChairJames T. Carlo, Vice ChairJudith
35、Gorman, Secretary*Member EmeritusAlso included is the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaison:Alan Cookson, NIST RepresentativeDonald R. Volzka, TAB RepresentativeDon MessinaIEEE Standards Project EditorRoy W. AlexanderTheodor A. BalaskaEarle C. Bascom IIIMartin BaurMichael G. BayerKenne
36、th E. BowPaul S. CardelloJack E. CherryJohn H. CooperJohn R. DensleyS. Michael FotyRobert B. GearHans R. GnerlichWolfgang B. HaverkampStanley V. HeyerLauri J. HiivalaCarlos KatzLawrence J. KellyAlbert KongFrank L. KuchtaCarl LandingerGabor LudasiGlenn J. LuzziG. Allen MacPhailMatthew S. MashikianJoh
37、n E. Merando, Jr.Daleep C. MohlaShantanu NandiArthur V. Pack, Jr.Neal K. ParkerRonald J. PonistRadhakrishna V. RebbapragdaRobert A. ResualiGilbert L. SmithNagu N. SrinivasJohn TanakaWilliam A. ThueDaniel J. WardNick WareRoland H. WatkinsWilliam D. WilkensJoseph T. ZimnochSatish K. AggarwalMark D. Bo
38、wmanGary R. EngmannHarold E. EpsteinH. Landis FloydJay Forster*Howard M. FrazierRuben D. GarzonJames H. GurneyRichard J. HollemanLowell G. JohnsonRobert J. KennellyJoseph L. Koepfinger*Peter H. LipsL. Bruce McClungDaleep C. MohlaJames W. MooreRobert F. MunznerRonald C. PetersenGerald H. PetersonJohn
39、 B. PoseyGary S. RobinsonAkio TojoDonald W. ZipseCopyright 2002 IEEE. All rights reserved. vContents1. Overview11.1 Scope 11.2 Purpose. 11.3 Unit conversion factors and acronyms. 22. Cable thermal environment 22.1 Thermal resistivity. 22.2 Other factors affecting the thermal environment. 32.3 Method
40、s to investigate changes in the thermal environment and evaluate their impact on cable service life. 42.4 Methods of mitigation 43. Corrosion and mechanical protection 53.1 Mechanical protection 53.2 Causes of corrosion 53.3 Methods of providing corrosion protection. 63.4 Methods of assessing cathod
41、ic protection systems 73.5 Methods of mitigation 94. Thermal, mechanical, and electrical aging 104.1 Paper/dielectric fluid insulation systems. 104.2 Deterioration of mechanical and chemical properties of paper insulation as a function of time and temperature . 114.3 Deterioration of impregnated pap
42、er insulation caused by thermal-mechanical stresses . 144.4 Deterioration of impregnated paper insulation caused by high electrical stresses 154.5 Degradation of dielectric fluids. 164.6 Aging of metal sheaths on SCLF cables 175. Evaluation techniques 185.1 Introduction 185.2 Assessment of the physi
43、cal characteristics of kraft paper tapes 195.3 Determination of the diagnostic gas content of cable dielectric fluid . 205.4 Dielectric measurements 215.5 Relationship between the dissipation factor of impregnated paper and the impregnant . 225.6 Assessment of aged metal sheaths on SCLF cables 246.
44、Assembly and analysis of the operating record . 256.1 Assembly of the cable system record 266.2 Analysis of the cable system record 297. Preventive maintenance to maximize service life 307.1 Dielectric fluids and pressurizing equipment 307.2 Corrosion protection system 31vi Copyright 2002 IEEE. All
45、rights reserved.7.3 Bonding and grounding system . 317.4 Mechanical support systems 327.5 Cable system thermal environment 328. Summary and conclusions . 338.1 Factors to consider. 338.2 Evaluation method. 348.3 Conclusions 35Annex A (informative) Bibliography 36Annex B (informative) Unit conversion
46、 . 42Copyright 2002 IEEE. All rights reserved. 1IEEE Guide for the Evaluation of the Remaining Life of Impregnated Paper-Insulated Transmission Cable Systems1. Overview1.1 ScopeThis guide provides technical information regarding factors that can affect the life of an impregnated paper-insulated tran
47、smission cable system, and it reviews available methods to evaluate the remaining life of suchsystems and preventive maintenance to extend their service life.1.2 PurposeThis guide provides technical background, discussion, and advice to those needing to evaluate the remaininglife of impregnated pape
48、r-insulated transmission cable systems. Guidance is given for both high-pressurefluid-filled (HPFF) (see Association of Edison Illuminating Companies CS2-97 B121) and self-containedliquid-filled (SCLF) (see Association of Edison Illuminating Companies CS4-93 B13) cables, which use adielectric liquid
49、 as the filling and pressurizing medium (dielectric fluid), and for high-pressure gas-filled(HPGF) (see Association of Edison Illuminating Companies CS2-97 B12) cables, which use nitrogen gasas the filling and pressurizing medium. The information presented here is intended to provide a completeand concise summary and overview, with frequent references to the technical literature for those who wishto investigate specific subjects in more detail. Emphasis is placed on practical, realistic, and economicalmethods for performing field and laboratory sampling and testing, and la
