1、IEEE Std 1562-2007IEEE Guide for Array and BatterySizing in Stand-Alone Photovoltaic (PV)SystemsIEEE3 Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5997, USA12 May 2008IEEE Standards Coordinating Committee 21Sponsored by theIEEE Standards Coordinating Committee 21 onFuel Cells, Photovoltaics, Dispersed Generation,
2、 and Energy Storage1562TMIEEE Std 1562-2007 IEEE Guide for Array and Battery Sizing in Stand-Alone Photovoltaic (PV) Systems Sponsor IEEE Standards Coordinating Committee 21 on Fuel Cells, Photovoltaics, Dispersed Generation, and Energy Storage Approved 5 December 2007 IEEE-SA Standards Board Abstra
3、ct: A method for properly sizing the PV array and battery for stand-alone PV systems where PV is the only charging source is recommended (in conjunction with IEEE Std 1013). Load calculations and determination of solar radiation in the sizing of the system need special attention. Additionally, the c
4、ritical nature of the load in deciding an acceptable annual availability needs to be considered. Keywords: battery sizing, photovoltaic systems, PV array sizing The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA Copyright 2008 by the Institute of
5、Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Published 12 May 2008. Printed in the United States of America. IEEE is a registered trademark in the U.S. Patent +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual standard for educational classroom use can also be obt
6、ained through the Copyright Clearance Center. Introduction This introduction is not part of IEEE Std 1562-2007, IEEE Guide for Array and Battery Sizing in Stand-Alone Photovoltaic Systems. This guide is intended to assist system designers and end users in sizing stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) systems
7、. This guide uses the “Peak Sun-hour” method of sizing. Systems are sized based upon the worst case month using monthly solar irradiance and load demand. This document is not intended to be used for grid-connected or hybrid systems, where the systems are generally designed for annual values. Refer t
8、o IEEE Std 1561 for hybrid designs. Two critical pieces of information are required for the proper sizing of the PV array and battery in a stand-alone PV system: accurate load data and accurate solar radiation data. The performance of the system will be only as good as these data. A computer sizing
9、program is recommended for critical applications. The annexes contain information on photovoltaic module technology, charge controllers, module tilt angles, and sizing examples using the System Sizing worksheet. This guide should be used in combination with IEEE Std 1361, IEEE Guide for Selection, C
10、harging, Test and Evaluation of Lead-acid Batteries Used in Stand-Alone Photovoltaic Systems, and, IEEE Std 1013-2007, IEEE Recommended Practice for Sizing Lead-acid Batteries for Photovoltaic Systems. Together, these documents will provide the user with a general guide to sizing and designing the P
11、V array storage batteries for stand-alone PV systems. Notice to users Laws and regulations Users of these documents should consult all applicable laws and regulations. Compliance with the provisions of this standard does not imply compliance to any applicable regulatory requirements. Implementers of
12、 the standard are responsible for observing or referring to the applicable regulatory requirements. IEEE does not, by the publication of its standards, intend to urge action that is not in compliance with applicable laws, and these documents may not be construed as doing so. Copyrights This document
13、 is copyrighted by the IEEE. It is made available for a wide variety of both public and private uses. These include both use, by reference, in laws and regulations, and use in private self-regulation, standardization, and the promotion of engineering practices and methods. By making this document av
14、ailable for use and adoption by public authorities and private users, the IEEE does not waive any rights in copyright to this document. iv Copyright 2008 IEEE. All rights reserved. Updating of IEEE documents Users of IEEE standards should be aware that these documents may be superseded at any time b
15、y the issuance of new editions or may be amended from time to time through the issuance of amendments, corrigenda, or errata. An official IEEE document at any point in time consists of the current edition of the document together with any amendments, corrigenda, or errata then in effect. In order to
16、 determine whether a given document is the current edition and whether it has been amended through the issuance of amendments, corrigenda, or errata, visit the IEEE Standards Association Web site at http:/ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/standards.jsp, or contact the IEEE at the address listed previously. Fo
17、r more information about the IEEE Standards Association or the IEEE standards development process, visit the IEEE-SA Web site at http:/standards.ieee.org. Errata Errata, if any, for this and all other standards can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/updates/errat
18、a/index.html. Users are encouraged to check this URL for errata periodically. Interpretations Current interpretations can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/interp/ index.html. Patents Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this guide may r
19、equire use of subject matter covered by patent rights. By publication of this guide, no position is taken with respect to the existence or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE is not responsible for identifying Essential Patent Claims for which a license may be required, f
20、or conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of Patents Claims or determining whether any licensing terms or conditions provided in connection with submission of a Letter of Assurance, if any, or in any licensing agreements are reasonable or non-discriminatory. Users of this guide are ex
21、pressly advised that determination of the validity of any patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility. Further information may be obtained from the IEEE Standards Association. v Copyright 2008 IEEE. All rights reserved. Participants At the time th
22、is guide was submitted to the IEEE-SA Standards Board for approval, IEEE Standards Coordinating Committee 21 on Fuel Cells, Photovoltaics, Dispersed Generation, and Energy Storage had the following membership: Richard DeBlasio, Chair Stephen Chalmers, Vice Chair Thomas S. Basso, Secretary David L. B
23、assett John J. Bzura Jay L. Chamberlin James M. Daley Douglas C. Dawson Frank Goodman Kelvin Hecht Joseph Koepfinger Benjamin Kroposki Robert Saint Mallur N. Satyanarayan Timothy P. ZgonenaAt the time this guide was submitted to the IEEE-SA Standards Board for approval, the Energy Storage Subsystems
24、 Working Group had the following membership: Jay L. Chamberlin, Chair Kenneth S. Sanders, Secretary Rob Rallo, Task Leader Howard Barikmo Ced Currin Jim Dunlop Lauren Giles Robert Hammond Thomas D. Hund Liang Ji Peter F. McNutt Haissam Nasrat Michael T. Nispel Carl D. Parker Stephen L. Vechy John Wi
25、lesThe following members of the individual balloting committee voted on this guide. Balloters may have voted for approval, disapproval, or abstention. William J. Ackerman Curtis Ashton Ali Al Awazi Thomas Basso Wallace Binder William G. Bloethe Steven R. Brockschink William P. Cantor James Case Jay
26、L. Chamberlin Keith Chow Mark S. Clark Stephen P. Conrad Garth P. Corey Gary Engmann Rabiz N. Foda Manuel Gonzalez Randall Groves Kenneth Hanus Werner Hoelzl Dennis Horwitz Thomas D. Hund Hermann Koch Joseph L. Koepfinger Jim Kulchisky Scott R. Lacy Chung-Yiu Lam Keith N. Malmedal James Mcdowall Pet
27、er F. Mcnutt Gary L. Michel Jerry Murphy Haissam Nasrat Michael Newman Michael T. Nispel Carl D. Parker Percy E. Pool Vikram Punj Robert F. Rallo Charles W. Rogers Joseph R. Rostron Kenneth S. Sanders Bartien Sayogo Herbert J. Sinnock Charles M. Whitaker James W. Wilson Oren Yuen Theodore C. Zeiss J
28、ames A. Ziebarth Ahmed Zobaa vi Copyright 2008 IEEE. All rights reserved. When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this guide on 5 December 2007, it had the following membership: Steve M. Mills, Chair Robert M. Grow, Vice Chair Don Wright, Past Chair Judith Gorman, Secretary Richard DeBlasio Alex G
29、elman William R. Goldbach Arnold M. Greenspan Joanna N. Guenin Kenneth S. Hanus William B. Hopf Richard H. Hulett Hermann Koch Joseph L. Koepfinger* John Kulick David J. Law Glenn Parsons Ronald C. Petersen Tom A. Prevost Narayanan Ramachandran Greg Ratta Robby Robson Anne-Marie Sahazizian Virginia
30、C. Sulzberger Malcolm V. Thaden Richard L. Townsend Howard L. Wolfman *Member Emeritus Also included are the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaisons: Satish K. Aggarwal, NRC Representative Michael H. Kelley, NIST Representative Lorraine Patsco IEEE Standards Program Manager, Document De
31、velopment Bill Ash IEEE Standards Program Manager, Technical Program Development vii Copyright 2008 IEEE. All rights reserved. Contents 1. Overview 1 1.1 Scope . 1 1.2 Purpose 2 2. Normative references 2 3. Definitions, acronyms, and abbreviations 2 3.1 Definitions . 2 3.2 Acronyms and abbreviations
32、 . 3 4. Outline of sizing methodology . 4 4.1 Sun-hour method for PV array sizing 4 5. Load calculation . 4 6. Days of autonomy. 5 7. Battery sizing and selection 5 8. Solar radiation 5 9. PV Array sizing 5 9.1 PV module selection 5 9.2 System losses. 5 9.3 Determine the number of series-connected P
33、V modules . 6 9.4 Determine the number of parallel strings of PV modules 6 10. Design verification . 7 Annex A (informative) Photovoltaic module technologies 9 A.1 General 9 A.2 Crystalline silicon PV modules. 9 A.3 Amorphous silicon (a-Si) PV modules . 9 A.4 Copper indium diselenide (CIS) PV module
34、s. 10 A.5 Cadmium telluride (CdTe) PV modules . 10 A.6 Heterojunction with intrinsic thin layer (HIT) PV modules . 10 A.7 Self-regulating PV modules 10 A.8 Temperature effect on modules 10 A.9 PV module selection . 11 Annex B (informative) Tilt angle selection 12 B.1 Recommended tilt angle 12 B.2 PV
35、 array orientation 12 B.3 Tracking structures 12 Annex C (informative) Charge controller technologies 13 C.1 General 13 C.2 Shunt regulator 14 C.3 Series regulator . 15 C.4 PWM regulator 16 C.5 MPPT charge controller 17 viii Copyright 2008 IEEE. All rights reserved. Annex D (informative) Examples. 1
36、8 D.1 Refrigerator/freezer for vaccine storage . 18 D.2 Microwave repeater 20 Annex E (informative) Bibliography 22 ix Copyright 2008 IEEE. All rights reserved. IEEE Guide for Array and Battery Sizing in Stand-Alone Photovoltaic (PV) Systems IMPORTANT NOTICE: This standard is not intended to assure
37、safety, security, health, or environmental protection in all circumstances. Implementers of the standard are responsible for determining appropriate safety, security, environmental, and health practices or regulatory requirements. This IEEE document is made available for use subject to important not
38、ices and legal disclaimers. These notices and disclaimers appear in all publications containing this document and may be found under the heading “Important Notice” or “Important Notices and Disclaimers Concerning IEEE Documents.” They can also be obtained on request from IEEE or viewed at http:/stan
39、dards.ieee.org/IPR/ disclaimers.html. 1. 1.1Overview This guide was written to provide a method for sizing the array and the battery, when used in conjunction with IEEE Std 1013,1for stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) systems. Use of this document by funding organizations, PV system integrators, and cons
40、umers should provide the means for improved system performance and operating life. This document is intended to provide a means of sizing a stand-alone PV system to meet the load demand in a cost-effective manner. Scope This guide provides information to assist in sizing the array and battery of a s
41、tand-alone photovoltaic system. Systems considered in this guide consist of PV as the only power source and a battery for energy storage. These systems also commonly employ controls to protect the battery from being over- or under-charged, and may employ a power conversion subsystem (inverter or con
42、verter). This guide is applicable to all stand-alone PV systems where PV is the only charging source. This guide does not include PV hybrid systems nor grid-connected systems. This guide covers lead-acid batteries only; nickel-cadmium and other battery types are not included. This guide does not inc
43、lude the sizing of the system controller, inverter, wiring, or other system components. 1Information on references can be found in Clause 2. 1 Copyright 2008 IEEE. All rights reserved. IEEE Std 1562-2007 IEEE Guide for Array and Battery Sizing in Stand-Alone Photovoltaic Systems 1.22.3. 3.1Purpose T
44、he purpose of this guide is to provide procedures to size the PV array and battery according to accepted methods, to improve the performance, cost-effectiveness, and lifetimes of stand-alone PV systems. The issues of array utilization, battery-charge efficiency, and system losses are also considered
45、 in terms of their effect on system sizing. These procedures are intended to assist designers, manufacturers, system integrators, users, and laboratories with information necessary for sizing, modeling, and evaluating the performance of stand-alone PV systems. Normative references The following refe
46、renced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments or corrigenda) applies. IEEE Std 1013-2007, IEEE Recommended Practice for Siz
47、ing Lead-Acid Batteries for Stand-Alone Photovoltaic (PV) Systems.2, 3IEEE Std 1361, IEEE Guide for Selection, Charging, Test and Evaluation of Lead-Acid Batteries Used in Stand-Alone Photovoltaic (PV) Systems. Definitions, acronyms, and abbreviations Definitions For the purposes of this guide, the
48、following terms and definitions apply. The Authoritative Dictionary of IEEE Standards, Seventh Edition B34, should be referenced for terms not defined in this clause. 3.1.1 array-to-load ratio: The average daily photovoltaic ampere hours (Ah) available divided by the average daily load in ampere hou
49、rs. NOTEThe average daily PV ampere hours is calculated by taking the average daily solar resource for the month of interest in kilowatt hours per square meter (kW / m2) times the array current at its maximum power point (Imp) under standard test conditions (STC).53.1.2 autonomy: The length of time that a photovoltaic (PV) system can provide energy to the load without receiving energy from the PV array. 3.1.3 charge controller: An electrical control device that regulates battery charging by voltage control and/or other means. A charge controller may also incor
