1、 IEEE Std 90003-2008 IEEE Std 90003-2008 IEEE Standard for Insulation CoordinationDefinitions, Principles, and Rules Sponsored by the Surge Protective Devices Committee IEEE 3 Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5997 USA 6 April 2011 IEEE Power +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any ind
2、ividual standard for educational classroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center. Introduction This introduction is not part of IEEE Std C62.82.1-2010, IEEE Standard for Insulation CoordinationDefinitions, Principles, and Rules. This standard is a revision of IEEE Std 1313.
3、1-1996. This standard presents the definitions and the procedure for insulation coordination. A related standard, IEEE Std 1313.2-1999, is an application guide, which presents practical examples.a, bA new concept in this standard is the addition of phase-to-phase insulation coordination, and longitu
4、dinal insulation coordination, which is the coordination of switching surges and power frequency voltage across an open switch. The introduction of the very fast front short-duration overvoltages is an acknowledgment of the problems observed when a disconnect switch operates in a gas-insulated subst
5、ation. The basic concept of insulation coordination remains the same as in IEEE Std 1313.1-1996. The first step is the determination of voltage stresses using computer simulation, a transient analyzer, or mathematical methods. These analyses result in nonstandard overvoltage waveforms, which have to
6、 be converted to an equivalent standard waveshape. The second step is the selection of insulation strength to achieve the desired level of probability of failure. The standard considers both the basic lightning impulse insulation level (BIL) and basic switching impulse insulation level (BSL) as eith
7、er a conventional or statistical variable. For equipment in Class I (15 kV to 240 kV), use of the low-frequency withstand voltage and lightning impulse withstand voltage are recommended. For Class II (242 kV), use of the lightning impulse withstand voltage and switching withstand voltage are recomme
8、nded. Notice to users Laws and regulations Users of these documents should consult all applicable laws and regulations. Compliance with the provisions of this standard does not imply compliance to any applicable regulatory requirements. Implementers of the standard are responsible for observing or r
9、eferring to the applicable regulatory requirements. IEEE does not, by the publication of its standards, intend to urge action that is not in compliance with applicable laws, and these documents may not be construed as doing so. Copyrights This document is copyrighted by the IEEE. It is made availabl
10、e for a wide variety of both public and private uses. These include both use, by reference, in laws and regulations, and use in private self-regulation, standardization, and the promotion of engineering practices and methods. By making this document available for use and adoption by public authoriti
11、es and private users, the IEEE does not waive any rights in copyright to this document. aIEEE Std 1313.2-1999 will be revised as IEEE Std C62.82.2 with its next revision. bInformation on references can be found in Clause 2. iv Copyright 2011 IEEE. All rights reserved. Updating of IEEE documents User
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18、r in any licensing agreements are reasonable or non-discriminatory. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility. Further information may be obtained from the IE
19、EE Standards Association. v Copyright 2011 IEEE. All rights reserved. vi Copyright 2011 IEEE. All rights reserved. Participants At the time this standard was submitted to the IEEE-SA Standards Board for approval, the 3.4.18 Preferred Voltages however, copies can be obtained from the Institute of Ele
20、ctrical and Electronics Engineers, 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA (http:/standards.ieee.org/). IEEE Std C62.82.1-2010 IEEE Standard for Insulation CoordinationDefinitions, Principles, and Rules 3. Definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. The
21、 IEEE Standards Dictionary: Glossary of Terms & Definitions B1 should be consulted for terms not defined in this clause.73.1 atmospheric correction factor: A factor applied to account for the difference between the atmospheric conditions in service and the standard atmospheric conditions. NOTEIn ter
22、ms of this standard, it applies to insulation exposed to the atmosphere only. 3.2 basic lightning impulse insulation level (BIL): The electrical strength of insulation expressed in terms of the crest value of a standard lightning impulse under standard atmospheric conditions. BIL may be expressed as
23、 either statistical or conventional. 3.3 basic switching impulse insulation level (BSL): The electrical strength of insulation expressed in terms of the crest value of a standard switching impulse. BSL may be expressed as either statistical or conventional. 3.4 conventional BIL (basic lightning impu
24、lse insulation level): The crest value of a standard lightning impulse for which the insulation shall not exhibit disruptive discharge when subjected to a specific number of applications of this impulse under specified conditions, applicable specifically to non-self-restoring insulations. 3.5 conven
25、tional BSL (basic switching impulse insulation level): The crest value of a standard switching impulse for which the insulation does not exhibit disruptive discharge when subjected to a specific number of impulses under specified conditions, applicable to non-self-restoring insulations. 3.6 conventi
26、onal withstand voltage: The voltage that an insulation system is capable of withstanding without failure or disruptive discharge under specified test conditions. 3.7 crest value (peak value): The maximum absolute value of a function when such a maximum exists. 3.8 critical flashover (CFO) voltage: T
27、he amplitude of voltage of a given waveshape that, under specified conditions, causes flashover through the surrounding medium on 50% of the voltage applications. 3.9 effectively grounded system: A system grounded through a sufficiently low impedance such that for all system conditions the ratio of
28、zero-sequence reactance to positive-sequence reactance (X0/X1) is positive and less than 3, and the ratio of zero-sequence resistance to positive-sequence reactance (R0/X1) is positive and less than 1. 3.10 external insulation: The air insulation and the exposed surfaces of solid insulation of equip
29、ment, which are both subject to dielectric stresses and to the effects of atmospheric and other external conditions such as contamination, humidity, and vermin. 3.11 front-of-wave lightning impulse voltage shape: A voltage impulse, with a specified rate-of-rise, that is terminated intentionally by s
30、parkover of a gap that occurs on the rising front of the voltage wave with a specified time to sparkover, and a specified minimum crest voltage. 3.12 ground-fault factor: The ratio of the highest phase-to-ground power frequency voltage on an unfaulted phase during a line-to-ground fault to the phase
31、-to-ground power-frequency voltage without the fault. NOTE 1 The ground-fault factor generally will be less than 1.3, if the zero-sequence reactance is less than three times the positive-sequence reactance, and the zero-sequence resistance does not exceed the positive-sequence reactance. NOTE 2 IEEE
32、 Std C62.1-1989 defines a “coefficient of grounding.” This coefficient can be obtained by dividing the ground-fault factor by 3. 7The IEEE Standards Dictionary: Glossary of Terms & Definitions is available at http:/shop.ieee.org/. 3 Copyright 2011 IEEE. All rights reserved. IEEE Std C62.82.1-2010 IE
33、EE Standard for Insulation CoordinationDefinitions, Principles, and Rules 3.13 impedance grounded neutral system: A system whose neutral point(s) are grounded through an impedance (to limit ground-fault currents). 3.14 insulation configuration: The complete geometric configuration of the insulation,
34、 including all elements (insulating and conducting) that influence its dielectric behavior. Examples of insulation configurations are phase-to-ground, phase-to-phase, and longitudinal. 3.15 insulation coordination: The selection of the insulation strength of equipment in relation to the voltages, wh
35、ich can appear on the system for which equipment is intended and taking into account the service environment and the characteristics of the available protective devices. NOTEAn acceptable risk of failure is considered when selecting the insulation strength of equipment. 3.16 internal insulation: Int
36、ernal insulation comprises the internal solid, liquid, or gaseous elements of the insulation of equipment, which are protected from the effects of atmospheric and other external conditions such as contamination, humidity, and vermin. 3.17 lightning impulse protective level of a surge-protective devi
37、ce: The maximum lightning impulse voltage expected at the terminals of a surge-protective device under specified conditions of operation. NOTEThe lightning impulse protective levels are simulated by the following: 1) front-of-wave impulse sparkover or discharge voltage and 2) the higher of either a
38、1.2/50 impulse sparkover voltage or the discharge voltage for a specified current magnitude and waveshape. 3.18 lightning overvoltage: A type of transient overvoltage in which a fast front voltage is produced by lightning. Such overvoltage is usually unidirectional and of very short duration. NOTEA
39、typical waveform is shown in Figure 1. 050100tTrThTime (secTrThtTime (s)100500Figure 1 Lightning overvoltages (Tr= 0.120 s, Th242 kV 4.8 Selection of the equipment standard insulation level The standard insulation level of equipment is generally given by a set of two standard withstand voltages. For
40、 equipment in Class I (15 kV to 242 kV), the standard insulation withstand level is given by the following: The low-frequency, short-duration withstand voltage The basic lightning impulse insulation level (BIL) The standard withstand voltages for equipment in Class I are provided in Table 1. The vol
41、tages in Table 1 are taken from ANSI C84.1-2006, with the exception that for medium voltages the table starts with 15 kV instead of 1 kV. Table 1 Standard withstand voltages for Class I (15 kV Vm 242 kV) Maximum system voltage (phase-to-phase) VmkV, rms Basic lightning impulse insulation level (phas
42、e-to-ground) BIL kV, crest Low-frequency, short-duration withstand voltagea(phase-to-ground) kV, rms 15 95 110 34 26.2 125 150 40 50 36.2 150 200 50 70 48.3 250 95 72.5 250 350 95 140 121 350 450 550 140 185 230 145 450 550 650 185 230 275 169 550 650 750 230 275 325 242 650 750 825 900 975 1050 275
43、 325 360 395 480 a See relevant apparatus standards for specific values. Preferred values are provided in 4.5. For equipment in Class II (242 kV), the standard insulation withstand level is given by the following: The basic switching impulse insulation level (BSL) The basic lightning impulse insulat
44、ion level (BIL) 10 Copyright 2011 IEEE. All rights reserved. IEEE Std C62.82.1-2010 IEEE Standard for Insulation CoordinationDefinitions, Principles, and Rules The standard withstand voltages for equipment in Class II are provided in Table 2. The voltages in this table are taken from ANSI C84.1-2006
45、. Table 1 and Table 2 show for a given maximum system voltage the possibility of choice from several withstand voltages. The choice should be based on the insulation coordination procedure. Table 2 Standard withstand voltages for Class II (Vm 242 kV) Maximum system voltage (phase-to-phase) Vm kV, rm
46、s Basic lightning impulse insulation level (phase-to-ground) BIL kV, peak Basic switching impulse insulation levela (phase-to-ground) BSL kV, peak 362 900 975 1050 1175 1300 650 750 825 900 975 1050 420 1050 1175 1300 1425 850 950 1050 550 1300 1425 1550 1675 1800 1175 1300 1425 1550 800 1800 1925 2
47、050 1300 1425 1550 1675 1800 1200 2100 2250 2400 2550 2700 1675 1800 1950 a See specific BIL/BSL relationship in relevant apparatus standard. Preferred values are provided in 4.6. The withstand voltages in Table 1 and Table 2 are phase-to-ground voltages. With some equipment, the phase-to-phase with
48、stand voltage (i.e., test voltages) can be the same as the phase-to-ground withstand voltage (e.g., with three-phase transformers). With other equipment, the phase-to-phase insulation level is undefined (e.g., support insulators), and the withstand voltage is dictated by the design of the assembly (
49、i.e., air clearances between phases and to ground). It is necessary to establish the phase-to-phase insulation level, or required clearances, by the insulation coordination procedure. In Table 1 and Table 2, BIL and BSL refer to insulation levels of individual pieces of equipment. It is common in practice to refer to the BIL or BSL of an assembly of equipment such as the BIL or BSL of an entire station (e.g., a station BIL). This station BIL refers to the BIL of all apparatus comprising the station except possibly the transformeror possibly,
