1、 ISO 2014 Environmental management for concrete and concrete structures Part 2: System boundary and inventory data Management environnemental du bton et des structures en bton Partie 2: Limite du systme et donnes dinventaire INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13315-2 First edition 2014-05-01 Reference numbe
2、r ISO 13315-2:2014(E) ISO 13315-2:2014(E)ii ISO 2014 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2014 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photoco
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4、7 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ISO 13315-2:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 T erms and definitions . 1 4 System boundary 2 4.1 General . 2 4.2 Constituents. 2 4.3 Reinforcing a
5、nd prestressing steel 7 4.4 Formwork, falsework, and machinery 8 4.5 Concrete 9 4.6 Precast concrete 10 4.7 Execution of concrete structures 11 4.8 Use of concrete structures .13 4.9 End phase of concrete and concrete structures 14 5 Inventory data 17 5.1 General 17 5.2 Constituents18 5.3 Reinforcin
6、g and prestressing steel .21 5.4 Formwork, falsework, and machinery .22 5.5 Production of concrete 23 5.6 Execution of concrete structures 24 5.7 Use of concrete structures .25 5.8 End phase of concrete and concrete structures 26 6 Critical review and its storage .27 Bibliography .28 ISO 13315-2:201
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13、information The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 71, Concrete, reinforced concrete and pre-stressed concrete, Subcommittee SC 8, Environmental management for concrete and concrete structures. ISO 13315 consists of the following parts, under the general title Environmental management
14、 for concrete and concrete structures: Part 1: General principles Part 2: System boundary and inventory data NOTE The ISO 13315 series provides specifications for concrete and ensures consistency with the existing environmental ISO 14000 series, ISO 15392, ISO 21930, etc.iv ISO 2014 All rights reser
15、ved ISO 13315-2:2014(E) Introduction Concrete is a material that is indispensable for the construction of infrastructure including civil structures and buildings. Massive amounts of resources are used for construction of this infrastructure and large amounts of concrete rubble are generated when the
16、se structures are demolished. Concrete can therefore be regarded as a material having a critical impact on the formation of a recycling-based society from the aspect of not only resource consumption but also future waste generation. Meanwhile, a significant amount of CO 2 , a greenhouse gas, is disc
17、harged from activities related to architecture and civil engineering. Various documents indicate that the concrete sector is emitting 5% to 10 % of the global CO 2by producing and conveying cement and concrete and by construction of concrete structures. On the other hand, concrete can absorb CO 2 .
18、Concrete has to, therefore, play an important role in solving recycling and global warming problems. Consideration has to also be given to the emission of air pollutants, noise, vibration, and other impacts during transportation of constituent materials and concrete, and construction and demolition
19、of concrete structures. Application of optimum environmental impact-mitigating techniques and use of environmentally conscious products are important issues for concrete structures at each stage of their life cycle: the production of cement and aggregate, the production and transportation of concret
20、e, and the construction, use, and demolition of concrete structures. To meet these requirements, it is necessary to compare the environmental impacts resulting from different concretes as well as the structural forms, using life cycle inventory analysis (LCI) and life cycle assessment (LCA). LCI and
21、 LCA has to be conducted under the same conditions. In other words, it is important to clearly define a range of time and space for assessment, and quantitatively grasp the types and amounts of resources, energy, constituents, and components input into the range, as well as the products and structur
22、es output as a result of activities within the range, and also the byproducts, waste, and other releases discharged. As shown in Figure 1, the boundary between the system under assessment and the outer region is referred to as system boundary, and the input/output data transferred between the assess
23、ment system and the outer region is referred to as inventory data. When conducting LCI and LCA, a system boundary has to be defined, and inventory data has to be quantitatively developed. ISO 13315-2 provides fundamental rules for defining system boundaries and acquiring inventory data. Entire lifec
24、ycles or respective stages of the life cycles of concrete production of reinforcing steel; production of concrete; construction of concrete structures; use of concrete structures; demolition of concrete structures; reuse of concrete members; recycling and disposal of demolished concrete. It is not n
25、ecessary in principle to include in the system boundary the environmental impacts related to the production of equipment/machinery necessary for the production of concrete or the construction, use, demolition, and recycling of concrete structures. When explicit consideration of environmental impacts
26、 related to the production of equipment/machinery is deemed necessary, care shall be taken to eliminate double counting or omissions. Activities indirectly related to the production of each material or to the construction of concrete structures, such as sales/administration, might have to be include
27、d in the system boundary. 4.2 Constituents 4.2.1 Cement The system boundary related to the production of cement is generally expressed in Figure 2. The system boundary for the production of cement shall include the following: the processes of quarrying, transporting, and treating raw materials neces
28、sary for the production of clinker; transportation of the fuel necessary for the production of clinker; transportation of byproducts; transportation related to waste-derived fuels; all of the processes of material/fuel treatment, calcination, and finishing of cement; the process of additional treatm
29、ent to byproducts used for the production of clinker;2 ISO 2014 All rights reserved ISO 13315-2:2014(E) the process of additional treatment to waste-derived fuels for the production of clinker; transportation of cement from cement plants to supply stations (SS). NOTE 1 The material/fuel treatment pr
30、ocess includes crushing and adjustment of the materials/fuels. NOTE 2 The finishing process includes clinker crushing and addition blending. The system boundary for the production of cement shall not include transportation of cement from SS or cement plants to the place of use. Cement Natural resour
31、ces (Limestone, clay, etc.) Electricity Utility Fuels Waste Data collectionboundary System boundary Trans. Releases (CO 2 , etc.) Raw materials processing C rushing Pre-homogenization Raw meal grinding Byproducts (Slag, coal ash, etc.)Clinker Slag, fly ash, natural pozzolans Gypsum Alternative fuels
32、(Tires, plastics, biomass, etc.) (Trans.) Trans. Trans. Clinker production in kiln Preheating Pre-calcining B urning fuel Finish and storing process Cooling G rinding B lending S toring P acking A ctivities related to sales/administration O ther related activities in plant operation Quarrying Trans.
33、 Trans. Trans. Trans. User SS Trans. Trans. Trans. Trans. Intermediate treatment plant Final disposal sites NOTE Activities related to sales/administration and/or other related activities in plant operation might have to be considered. Figure 2 System boundary of cement production 4.2.2 Additions an
34、d admixtures The system boundary related to the production of additions and admixtures is generally expressed in Figures 3 and 4, respectively. ISO 2014 All rights reserved 3 ISO 13315-2:2014(E) The system boundary for the production of additions and admixtures shall include the following: transport
35、ation and storage of raw materials; transportation of fuels necessary for the production of additions and admixtures; physicochemical treatment of raw materials at addition and admixture production plants; transportation of waste to intermediate treatment sites and/or final disposal sites. NOTE Sinc
36、e the combinations of raw materials for concrete admixtures widely vary, it is advisable to define the system boundary based on whether the raw materials are supplied at the expense of the user or the supplier. Transportation of additions and admixtures from their production plants to the place of u
37、se shall not be included in the system boundary. Products (Ground granulated blast-furnace slag, fly ash, silica fume, limestone powder, etc.) Natural resources (Limestone, silica stone, gypsum, etc.) Electricity Utility Fuels Data collectionboundary System boundary Trans. Storage Releases (CO 2 , e
38、tc.) Physical/Chemical treatment and/or burning Byproducts (Granulated blast furnace slag, byproduct gypsum, desulfurized gypsum, coal ash, silica fume, etc.) Trans. A ctivities related to sales/ administration O ther related activities in plant operation User Trans. Trans. Storage Waste Trans. Intermediate treatment plant Final disposal sites NOTE Activities related to sales/administration and/or other related activities in plant operation might have to be considered. Figure 3 System boundary of additions4 ISO 2014 All rights reserved
