1、Information technology User interface Gesture-based interfaces across devices and methods Part 1: Framework Technologies de linformation Interface utilisateur Interfaces fonds sur la gestuelle entre dispositifs et mthodes Partie 1: Cadre INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 30113-1 Reference number ISO/IE
2、C 30113-1:2015(E) First edition 2015-04-15 ISO/IEC 2015 ii ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechan
3、ical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01
4、11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ISO/IEC 30113-1:2015(E) ISO/IEC 30113-1:2015(E)Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Conformance . 1 3 T erms and definitions . 1 4 Overview of gesture-based interface . 2 4.1 General . 2 4.2 Users actions f
5、or gesture input 2 4.3 Gesture input device 3 4.4 ICT system . 3 4.5 Cultural Adaptability 3 4.6 Accessibility . 3 5 Requirements and recommendations 3 5.1 Activating/finishing a gesture . 3 5.2 Performing a gesture . 4 5.3 Feedback for confirming a gesture 4 5.4 Feed forward . 4 5.5 Cancelling a ge
6、sture 4 5.6 Criteria of gesture size 4 5.7 Controlling the criteria . 4 5.8 Changing correspondence of a gesture to a gesture command 5 5.9 Descriptions of individual gestures within the part . 5 Annex A (informative) Outline for describing the ISO/IEC 30113 series . 6 Bibliography .13 ISO/IEC 2015
7、All rights reserved iii Contents Page ISO/IEC 30113-1:2015(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participat
8、e in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and
9、 non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in th
10、e ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibili
11、ty that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO lis
12、t of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as wel
13、l as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see the following URL: Foreword Supplementary information. The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 35, User interfaces. ISO/IEC 30113 con
14、sists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology User interfaces Gesture-based interfaces across devices and methods: Part 1: Framework Part 11: Single-point gestures for common system actionsiv ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reserved ISO/IEC 30113-1:2015(E) Introduction Gesture
15、s are used for performing a variety of commands (such as scrolling a Web page up) as an alternative input method (to typing or using a mouse to select objects). Given the limited number of basic gestures, the same gesture is often used for a variety of different commands in different situations. It
16、is important that wherever possible, these different commands are similar to one another (i.e. by having a similar effect on different objects) so that users are not confused about what a gesture will do in a given situation. Standardized gesture descriptions and commands minimize user confusion whe
17、n interacting with various software systems and applications on various ICT devices. This International Standard is aimed at designers and developers of software applications. This International Standard is intended to help users to more easily navigate and control application software on various IC
18、T devices by standardizing gestures and gesture commands. This part of ISO/IEC 30113 defines a framework of gesture-based interfaces to support interoperability among gesture-based interfaces with various input devices and methods. Subclause A.1 gives informative description about the structure of I
19、SO/IEC 30113 in detail. ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reserved v Information technology User interface Gesture-based interfaces across devices and methods Part 1: Framework 1 Scope This part of ISO/IEC 30113 defines a framework and guidelines for gesture-based interfaces across devices and methods in supp
20、orting interoperability. NOTE Some of these devices include mice, touch screens, touch pads, 3D mice, joysticks, game controllers, wired gloves, depth-aware cameras, stereo cameras, Web cameras. This part of ISO/IEC 30113 does not define or require specific technology for recognizing gesture of user
21、s. It focuses on the description of a gesture and its functions for utilizing ICT systems. NOTE Operation of a physical keyboard is not addressed in this part of ISO/IEC 30113. 2 Conformance A gesture-based interface is conformant to this part of ISO/IEC 30113 if it meets all requirements of Clause
22、5. 3 T erms a nd definiti ons For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 gesture movement or posture of the whole body or parts of the body 3.2 gesture-based interface gesture interface user interface that provides information and controls for a user to accompl
23、ish specific tasks with the interactive system by his/her gestures SOURCE: ISO 9241-171: 3.29 3.3 gesture command instruction to the system resulting from a gesture input by the user, e.g. select, move, delete SOURCE: ISO/IEC 14754:1999, 4.5 3.4 gesture software software for implementing gesture-bas
24、ed interface functionality including gesture recognition, command processing, and feedback generation Note 1 to entry: Gesture recognition software is usually contained within the operating system and specific device drivers. Information on gestures that are recognized is made available to the opera
25、ting system and/or the application software, so that the intended command(s) are performed in response to the gesture. INTERNATIONAL ST ANDARD ISO/IEC 30113-1:2015(E) ISO/IEC ISO pub-date year All rights reserved 1 ISO/IEC 30113-1:2015(E) 4 Overview of gesture-based interface 4.1 General Users can u
26、se gestures to interact with interface objects. Interface objects have representational properties (e.g. how are they rendered to user) and operational properties (e.g. what do they do) that can be effected by gestures. Human-machine interaction involves a loop of execution and evaluation. A machine
27、 offers feed forward and a user manipulates interface objects (execution). The machine displays feedbacks and new feed forward (evaluation) and the user adjusts manipulation, and so on. The user produces gestures and the machine understands them based on the properties of the gestures that it recogn
28、izes. For a successful interaction, the machine needs an input device in order to collect gesture properties. Those properties will be analysed by gesture software to compare those properties to pre-defined gesture command properties, and then decide to operate associated functions. Figure 1 illustr
29、ates a model of human-machine interaction based on a gesture-based interface. It presents a schematic diagram of relationships among the user, gesture command, input device and machine (ICT system) when the user utilizes a gesture-based interface during human-machine interaction. The gesture-based i
30、nterface includes hardware (physical) and software (logical) components. The input device is the hardware which recognizes the gesture and sends its associated input signal to the ICT system. The gesture software finds a command which is pre-defined and mapped to the input signal. The application so
31、ftware generates its feedback to the user using the output device. Input device User Output device ICT device Application SW Gesture SW Command Input Signal Figure 1 Loop of human-machine interaction with a gesture-based interface 4.2 Users actions for gesture input A user generates actions for gest
32、ure inputs which are two-dimensional motions relative to its supporting surface, two-dimensional or three-dimensional finger/hand/body postures/motions in a space, postures/motions of fingers on a surface and so on. A gesture can also be generated by a tool, as an extension of the body (such as: a w
33、and, a pen, a mouse, a remote control or a glove). Some gestures are controlled by a discrete body part such as one finger, several fingers, hand movement or fingers associated to hand movement. Facial expression, eye gaze and eyelid blinking can also provide a users action for gesture input. Other
34、gestures might be generated with a whole body or a coordination of several body parts coordination. They could involve arms, hand and fingers, and their coordination.2 ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reserved ISO/IEC 30113-1:2015(E) Physiological constraints which apply to gesture generation are important t
35、o take into account before defining gestures. For example, some gestures are difficult to be produced with a mouse in the hand on a 2D surface, however, easy to be produced with a finger on a 2D surface. All gestures involve a clear and identifiable start, one or more action(s) and a clear and ident
36、ifiable end (as further discussed in A.3.4.2). Before performing a gesture, the user can initiate a gesture recognition (where required to do so) by doing some action such as holding down a specific button on a device. Gesture recognition might be automatically supported by the system without the ne
37、ed of any action beyond the start of the gesture. The user generates a specific gesture (such as drawing L by moving a mouse) by motions between a start and end state. The user ends the gesture input by arriving at some state that is recognized by the system as indicating the end of the gesture. Thi
38、s end state might be included within the gesture or might be presented with another input modality (such as a voice command). The gesture generated by the user is then interpreted as a command in by the operating system or a specific software application when the ICT system recognizing the gesture c
39、orrectly. 4.3 Gesture input device A gesture input device receives the interactions provided by a user and generates input signals to be interpreted by the gesture software. Example of useful gesture input devices include mice, touch screens, touch pads, 3D mice, joysticks, game controllers, wired g
40、loves, depth-aware cameras, stereo cameras, Web cameras and so on. 4.4 ICT system Gesture software analyses the signals received from gesture input devices. The functions of the gesture software include gesture recognition, command assignment and gesture feedback. The gesture software recognizes pre
41、-defined gestures from actions exercised by a user with a gesture input device. Then the gesture software sends the associated gesture command to application software. While the user generates a gesture, the gesture software might invoke a feedback signal via the ICT system to the user. The feedback
42、 helps the user to notice whether the gesture command is properly activated or not. The feedback might be rendered using sound, visual display and/or tactile display. 4.5 Cultural Adaptability Since gestures are one of input mechanisms such as a keyboard and a voice command, they are subject to inte
43、rnationalization/localization. Some gestures might be culturally dependent. EXAMPLE Bulgarians nod to say “no” and shake their head for “yes”, while Americans nod to say “yes” and shake their head for “no”. 4.6 Accessibility Due to the complexity, some gestures might not be properly and/or completel
44、y exercised by users with disabilities and/or elderly users. When gestures are defined for an ICT system, consideration of accessibility for all users (including the disabled and/or the elderly) is important. 5 Requirements and recommendations 5.1 A cti v ating/finishin g a gestur e A gesture-based
45、interface shall provide one (or more) method(s) for activating and finishing a gesture. EXAMPLE A mouse with two buttons is used as a gesture input device and holding down the secondary button of the mouse activates a gesture. By releasing the button, the users action for gesture input is finished.
46、These methods may be managed by the user or automatically managed by the system. ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reserved 3 ISO/IEC 30113-1:2015(E) 5.2 Performing a gesture A gesture-based interface shall provide one (or more) method(s) for making a gesture. NOTE Making a gesture is valid only when the syst
47、em is actively receiving gesture input. In some systems, the receipt of gesture input by a system can be activated and deactivated by the user. EXAMPLE In a specific mouse gesture, the method for gesture formation is to move the mouse horizontally or vertically within one stroke. 5.3 F eedback for c
48、 onfirming a gestur e A gesture-based interface should provide one (or more) feedback signal(s) to notify the user of the current state of performing the gesture. NOTE 1 Feedback can represent several states such as interface object selection, interface object activation, interface object manipulati
49、on, gesture command initialisation state, gesture command performing state, gesture command ending state and feedback about function execution. Feedback should be expressed through one or more of the visual, tactile or audible modalities. NOTE 2 When focus indicates an object is selected, the gesture command will apply to that specific object. EXAMPLE 1 A visual trail line showing the movement of the pointer (mouse pointer) is displayed on a screen when a gesture is performed.
