1、1 4 4 2 2 e H H e e v 4 12 3 2 H C 1/ , 1 3.26 d p p c ly7200 0.64 T K C 4 4 2 2 e H e H e v 2 2 e v H p e 2 x x v H p n v e e v v 2 1 , 6 H H e esc v v v0 0 4 0 0 ( ) L L D A T D A T0 ) ( V t P V V t V 1 ) ( G 4 2 0 0 0 0 , , , P V 1 0 1 0 P P P 1 0 V V V 1 0 0 1 1 V t 0 1 1 2 1 s V t V 1 1 2 ) ( P
2、 P V s s 1 1 2 4 G 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 4 G V t s ) ( exp 1 t x k i G V k s 4 2 2 2 J G V k s J 2J 2 3 2 1 3 24 2 3 0 5 3 3 3 3 ) 10 ( ) 100 ( 10 * 2 . 1 6 6 gcm K T M G V M s J J / x p h y p D h y x y x p D p p p D / y x p p / D 1.22 / D | cos sin x c t x c t | (1 cos ) obs x t t t c sin ( ) 1 cos ap p o
3、bs x c V t14.1 ( 12.6) ( 26.7) 14.1 2.512 436800 R 2 100 ( /100) 2.5log R d M m R 1 4 4 2 2 H He e v 4 4 H H e H m m k m 26 3.86 10 S U N L W 30 2 10 M k g 9 1 2 Mass loss per s = 4.4 10 SUN L k g s c 0.76% 2 11 1 H Mass loss M = 5.7 10 kg s 2 17 sun H MLifetime = 10% 3.5 10 10 billion year M s 2 10 150 2.5 log ( ) ) 6.65 7 m Limiting magnitude =(-6.5)(+6.6)=13.110 6 1.22 1.22 5500 10 0.154.4 10 0.9 arcsec D rad ra d -9 -9 1.3 =1.22 1.22 7.3 10 rad 217=7.3 10 57.3 3600 arcsec=0.0015arcsec mm D k m 6 8 / 33.833.8 10 3.261.1 10 d c Z H M pc l y ly
