1、全国自考（英语写作）-试卷 2 及答案解析(总分：6.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Supply the missing p(总题数：1，分数：2.00)1.Advantages and Disadvantages of Advertising The appeal of advertising to buying motives can have both negative and positive effects. Consumers may be convinced to buy a product of poor quality or high price because of an
2、 advertisement. For example, some advertisement have appealed to peoples desire for better fuel economy for their cars by advertising automotive products that improve gasoline mileage. Some of the products work. Others are workless and a waste of consumers money. Sometimes advertising is intentional
3、ly misleading. A few years ago, a brand of bread was offered to dieters with the message that there were fewer calories in every slice. It turned out that the bread was not dietetic, but just regular bread. There were fewer calories because it was sliced very thin, but there were the same number of
4、calories in every loaf. _ Each consumer must evaluate her or his own situation. Are the benefits of the product important enough to justify buying? Advertising is intended to appeal to consumers, but it does not force them to buy the product. Consumers still control final buying decision.（分数：2.00）_二
5、、Write an outline(总题数：1，分数：2.00)2.Alfred NobelA Man of Contrasts Alfred Nobel, the great Swedish inventor and industrialist, was a man of many contrasts. He was the son of a bankrupt, but became a millionaire; a scientist with a love of literature, an industrialist who managed to remain an idealist.
6、 He made a fortune but lived a simple life, and although cheerful in company he was often sad in private. A lover of mankind, he never had a wife or family to love him; a patriotic son of his native land, he died alone on foreign soil. He invented a new explosive, dynamite, to improve the peacetime
7、industries of mining and road building, but saw it used in war to kill and injure his fellow men. During his useful life he often felt he was useless: “Alfred Nobel,“ he once wrote of himself, “ought to have been put to death by a kind doctor as soon as, with a cry, he entered life.“ World-famous fo
8、r his works he was never personally well-known, for throughout his life he avoided publicity. “I do not see,“ he once said, “that I have deserved any fame and I have no taste for it.” But since his death, his name has brought fame and glory to others. He was born in Stockholm on October 21, 1833 but
9、 moved to Russia with his parents in 1842, where his father, Immanuel, made a strong position for himself in the engineering industry. Immanuel Nobel invented the landmine and made a lot of money from government orders for it during the Crimean War but went bankrupt soon after. Most of the family re
10、turned to Sweden in 1859, where Alfred rejoined them in 1863, beginning his own study of explosives in his fathers laboratory. He had never been to school or university but had studied on his own and by the time he was twenty was a skillful chemist and an excellent linguist speaking Swedish, Russian
11、, German, French and English. Like his father, Alfred Nobel was imaginative and inventive, but he had better luck in business and showed more financial sense. He was quick to see industrial openings for his scientific inventions and built up over 80 companies in 20 different countries. Indeed his gr
12、eatness lay in his outstanding ability to combine the qualities of an original scientist with those of a forward-looking industrialist. But Nobels main concern was never with making money or even with making scientific discoveries. Seldom happy, he was always searching for a meaning of life, and fro
13、m his youth had taken a serious interest in literature and philosophy. Perhaps because he could not find ordinary human lovehe never marriedhe came to care deeply about the whole of mankind. He was always generous to the poor: “Id rather take care of the stomachs of the living than the glory of the
14、dead in the form of stone memorials. “He once said, his greatest wish, however, was to see an end to wars, and thus peace between nations, and he spent much time and money working for this cause until his death in Italy in 1896. His famous will? in which he left money to provide prizes for outstandi
15、ng work in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature“, and Peace, is a memorial to his interests and ideals. And so, the man who felt he should have died at birth is remembered and respected long after his death. _（分数：2.00）_三、Compose an essay(总题数：1，分数：2.00)3.In todays China, more and mo
16、re rural residents are moving to cities, but is city life better than country life? Write an expository essay (about 300 words)expressing your view on it.（分数：2.00）_全国自考（英语写作）-试卷 2 答案解析(总分：6.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Supply the missing p(总题数：1，分数：2.00)1.Advantages and Disadvantages of Advertising The appeal of
17、 advertising to buying motives can have both negative and positive effects. Consumers may be convinced to buy a product of poor quality or high price because of an advertisement. For example, some advertisement have appealed to peoples desire for better fuel economy for their cars by advertising aut
18、omotive products that improve gasoline mileage. Some of the products work. Others are workless and a waste of consumers money. Sometimes advertising is intentionally misleading. A few years ago, a brand of bread was offered to dieters with the message that there were fewer calories in every slice. I
19、t turned out that the bread was not dietetic, but just regular bread. There were fewer calories because it was sliced very thin, but there were the same number of calories in every loaf. _ Each consumer must evaluate her or his own situation. Are the benefits of the product important enough to justi
20、fy buying? Advertising is intended to appeal to consumers, but it does not force them to buy the product. Consumers still control final buying decision.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： On the positive side, emotional appeals may respond to a consumers real concerns. Consider fire insurance. Fire insurance may
21、be sold by appealing to fear of loss. But fear of loss is the real reason for fire insurance. The security of knowing that property is protected by insurance makes the purchase of fire insurance a worthwhile investment for most people. If consumers consider the quality of the insurance plans as well
22、 as the message in the ads, they will benefit from the advertising.)解析：解析： 补写段落应该把给出的文章内容读透彻，从其他段落中尤其是第一段中寻求讯息，找出文章缺失的段落应该从哪些方面入手。 文章开头便告知：“The appeal of advertising to buying motives can be both negative and positive effects”接着简要描述了一些负面的状况，并不排除广告中介绍的物品也却有奇效的。 第二段有一个总领句，即“Sometimes advertising in in
23、tentionally misleading”之后列举了一个例子，来说明确实有一些广告是故意误导消费者的。 那么第三段应该是怎样的内容呢?我们先不急于判断，把最后一段内容阅读完毕再来判断。最后一段的内容是讲述，每一个消费者必须去估量自身的情况，去考虑想要购买的产品是否值得购买。广告固然是为了吸引消费者，但毕竟消费者自己有最终的决定权。这可算是一个小小的文章总结。 那么我们回过头来再去猜想第三段应该怎样补写。很自然，在经过文章开头的总领之后，加之已经介绍过了广告的负面结果，最终又对消费者的购物目的做了总结，第三段的内容应该是介绍一些有关广告的正面效应来和上下文衔接。段首应该有一个总领句，介绍广告
24、也确实有积极的方面。为了和上段的结构照应，也应该列举一个例子来说明为什么也会有这样的正面效果。这样文章就被补写完整了。二、Write an outline(总题数：1，分数：2.00)2.Alfred NobelA Man of Contrasts Alfred Nobel, the great Swedish inventor and industrialist, was a man of many contrasts. He was the son of a bankrupt, but became a millionaire; a scientist with a love of lit
25、erature, an industrialist who managed to remain an idealist. He made a fortune but lived a simple life, and although cheerful in company he was often sad in private. A lover of mankind, he never had a wife or family to love him; a patriotic son of his native land, he died alone on foreign soil. He i
26、nvented a new explosive, dynamite, to improve the peacetime industries of mining and road building, but saw it used in war to kill and injure his fellow men. During his useful life he often felt he was useless: “Alfred Nobel,“ he once wrote of himself, “ought to have been put to death by a kind doct
27、or as soon as, with a cry, he entered life.“ World-famous for his works he was never personally well-known, for throughout his life he avoided publicity. “I do not see,“ he once said, “that I have deserved any fame and I have no taste for it.” But since his death, his name has brought fame and glory
28、 to others. He was born in Stockholm on October 21, 1833 but moved to Russia with his parents in 1842, where his father, Immanuel, made a strong position for himself in the engineering industry. Immanuel Nobel invented the landmine and made a lot of money from government orders for it during the Cri
29、mean War but went bankrupt soon after. Most of the family returned to Sweden in 1859, where Alfred rejoined them in 1863, beginning his own study of explosives in his fathers laboratory. He had never been to school or university but had studied on his own and by the time he was twenty was a skillful
30、 chemist and an excellent linguist speaking Swedish, Russian, German, French and English. Like his father, Alfred Nobel was imaginative and inventive, but he had better luck in business and showed more financial sense. He was quick to see industrial openings for his scientific inventions and built u
31、p over 80 companies in 20 different countries. Indeed his greatness lay in his outstanding ability to combine the qualities of an original scientist with those of a forward-looking industrialist. But Nobels main concern was never with making money or even with making scientific discoveries. Seldom h
32、appy, he was always searching for a meaning of life, and from his youth had taken a serious interest in literature and philosophy. Perhaps because he could not find ordinary human lovehe never marriedhe came to care deeply about the whole of mankind. He was always generous to the poor: “Id rather ta
33、ke care of the stomachs of the living than the glory of the dead in the form of stone memorials. “He once said, his greatest wish, however, was to see an end to wars, and thus peace between nations, and he spent much time and money working for this cause until his death in Italy in 1896. His famous
34、will? in which he left money to provide prizes for outstanding work in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature“, and Peace, is a memorial to his interests and ideals. And so, the man who felt he should have died at birth is remembered and respected long after his death. _（分数：2.00）_正确答
35、案：(正确答案：I. Nobels contrasting character A. Realistic (scientist, inventor, and industrialist) B. Idealistic (literature-and-philosopher lover peace lover) II. His attitudes towards life A. A man of substance whose life remained simple and single until death. B. A man with great zeal for mankind and
36、his native land remaining personally unknown throughout his life. C. A man successful in his invention but also very much distressed about the consequence of his invention. III. A brief biography of Alfred Nobel A. His family background; Childhood and father B. A self-taught skilful chemist and exce
37、llent linguist C. His being both a scientist of originality and an industrialist of foresight D. A world-peace promoter and humanitarian E. His last will)解析：解析： 这是一篇介绍阿尔弗雷德.诺贝尔的文章，全文共分为三个自然段。 第一段主要介绍了诺贝尔这位伟大的发明家、实业家是一位集多方矛盾于一身的人。他既是一个现实主义者，又是一个理想主义者。一生富有，却过着简朴的生活；与别人在一起时总是谈笑风生，一人独处时却闷闷不乐。虽然他的成就名扬四海，
38、但他的个人情况却鲜为人知，因为他的一生中，诺贝尔总是避免出头露面，而在他逝世以后，他的名字给别人带来巨大的荣誉。 (1)in company 在人前，在人群中 in private 秘密地，私下地 He made a fortune but lived a simple life，and although cheerful in company he was often sad in private. 一生富有，却过着简朴的生活；与别人在一起时总是谈笑风生，一人独处时却闷闷不乐。 (2)put to 使出于某种状态 Nobel ought to have been put to death b
39、y a kind doctor as soon as，with a cry，he entered life 诺贝尔早在呱呱坠地时就应该被一位好心的医生弄死。 第二段主要介绍了诺贝尔的家庭背景，以及他是怎样自学成材，靠个人的努力奋斗，最终成为了著名的科学家和实业家。 (3)on ones own 独自地 He had never been to school or university but had studied on his own and by the time he was twenty was as skillful chemist and an excellent linguist
40、 他从未上过学，但他依靠自学，在二十岁时已经是一位技术娴熟的化学家，同时又是一位优秀的语言学家。 (4)combine with 使联合 Indeed his greatness lay in his outstanding ability to combine the qualities of an original scientist with those of a forwardlooking industrialist 的确，他的伟大之处在于他有创造型的科学家的品质和高瞻远瞩的实业家的品质结合起来的杰出能力。 第三段总结了在诺贝尔的一生中，他最关注的事情并不是赚钱，而是世界的和平，他终
41、生都在探索人生的意义，他总是去关心和帮助穷人，在遗嘱中他把钱留下来，设立奖金，鼓励那些在科学领域中做出突出贡献的科学家。诺贝尔正是以他的人格和理想受到了人们的怀念和尊敬。 (5)take care of 关心，照顾 Id rather take care of the stomachs of the living than the glory of the dead in the form of stone memorials 我宁愿关心活着的人的饥饱，也不为死者树碑立传。 通过对文章的分析，可以清楚地看出作者分三部分介绍了诺贝尔的一生。第一部分用对比的手法写了他充满矛盾的性格特点，以及他在事
42、业和生活上都是一个充满矛盾的人。第二部分介绍了他的家庭背景，和他如何靠自己的努力成为了一名伟大的科学家和实业家。第三部分从两个方面概括了他一生的追求和理想，他一生的理想是世界的和平。最大的愿望是用自己的财产去推动和鼓励科学事业的发展。三、Compose an essay(总题数：1，分数：2.00)3.In todays China, more and more rural residents are moving to cities, but is city life better than country life? Write an expository essay (about 300
43、 words)expressing your view on it.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： I have always found country life most enjoyable. The city is only a place for business, to be visited occasionally; it is not an ideal place for permanent residence. People may say that the city can provide you with the best that life can offer
44、. Your friends are always available for an informal chat or an evenings entertainment. The latest exhibitions, films or plays are always within easy reach. Shopping, too, is always a pleasure. But what about of hustle and bustle of city life? The city dweller never has a moment of peace; he is alway
45、s in a hurry. And what about the noise and pollution of the city? Day and night the city is in an uproar with its unceasing traffic. The air is polluted with poisonous gases emitted by the smokestacks of factories. The water supply is tainted with impurities that are harmful to the human body. The c
46、ity is indeed not a place to live in. Country life is in many respects superior to city life. For one thing, the people there are friendly. People are acquainted with one another. You can never fail to receive a friendly nod or a kind word from anyone you chance to meet. In the city people who live
47、in the same apartment are often strangers to one another. The air in the country is fresh and pure. However, air pollution has been a very serious problem in the city.)解析：解析： 本题的题目要求写一篇文章，就中国目前越来越多的农村居民都往城市迁居的状况发表一下个人见解。城市生活真的比乡村生活好吗? 就该问题我们产生怎样的看法，那自然是仁者见仁，智者见智的事。但不管有怎样的见解，都应做到能够自圆其说，保持一定的条理性和逻辑性。 关于这个话题自然分两种意见，一种认为城市生活优越于乡村生活，一种则是乡村生活优越于城市生活。但无论持有怎样的观点，都
