1、2007 年南京大学考博英语真题试卷及答案解析(总分：110.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Structure and Vocabu(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1.We were_in the middle of our conversation.（分数：2.00）A.cut offB.cut downC.cut inD.cut out2._fire tests gold, so does adversity tests courage.（分数：2.00）A.LikeB.AlikeC.AsD.Comparing3.My grandpa gave me a watch, which is
2、 made of gold, _I keep to this day.（分数：2.00）A.and thusB.andC.soD.and which4.I dont mind a bit if you bring your friends in for a drink, but it is rather too much when ten people arrive _for dinner.（分数：2.00）A.unusuallyB.excessivelyC.consequentlyD.unexpectedly5.The police accused him of setting fire t
3、o the building but he denied_in the area on the night of the fire.（分数：2.00）A.to beB.to have beenC.having beenD.be6.Look at this mess! If only I_your advice.（分数：2.00）A.followB.had followedC.would followD.have followed7.Some companies have introduced flexible working time with less emphasis on pressur
4、e_.（分数：2.00）A.than more on efficiencyB.and more efficiencyC.and more on efficiencyD.than efficiency8.Though I had tried to explain it as clearly as possible, my explanation seemed not to_.（分数：2.00）A.get upB.get alongC.get acrossD.get down9.We will see _the children are properly educated.（分数：2.00）A.t
5、o themB.to thatC.to it whetherD.to it that10.The famous inventor was awarded an_doctorate by the university.（分数：2.00）A.honoraryB.honorableC.honoredD.honorific11.Fossils of A(plant) that have B(been extinct) for C(fifty million years) have been found in large deposits of amber D(near) the Baltic Sea.
6、（分数：2.00）_12.The increasing A(popularity) of the motorcycle as a B(convenience), economical C(form) of transportation has been D(just short) of astounding.（分数：2.00）_13.The international Olympic Games, A(regarded) as the worlds most B(prestigious) athletic competition, C(take place) once D(every the
7、four years).（分数：2.00）_14.A(Any property) that a bankrupt person B(may still have) is usually divided C(among) the various people to whom money D(are owed).（分数：2.00）_15.A(A noisy) B(aggressive) cousin of the crow, the magpie has C(those) birds thievish D(habits).（分数：2.00）_16.The spontaneity of childr
8、ens artwork A(sets) it B(apart from) the regulated uniformity of C(much) D(of) what otherwise go on in traditional elementary classrooms.（分数：2.00）_17.It is A(estimated) that a scientific principle has B(a life expectancy) of approximately C(a decade) before D(it drastically) revised or replaced by n
9、ewer information.（分数：2.00）_18.When the A(concentration) of calcium in the blood is B(too) low, the parathyroid glands C(began) to D(secrete) the hormone parathormone.（分数：2.00）_19.A(Always) since the creation of celluloid, B(plastics) have been found C(to have) D(a multitude) of industrial and commer
10、cial uses.（分数：2.00）_20.A(High-grade) B(written) paper is C(frequently) D(obtained) from cotton rags.（分数：2.00）_二、Cloze(总题数：1，分数：20.00)A major reason for conflict in the animal world is territory. The male animal establishes an area. The size of the area is sufficient to provide food for him, his mate
11、 and their offspring. Migrating birds, for example, used up the best territory in the order of“first come, first【C1】_“. The late arrivals may acquire【C2】_territories, but less food is available, or they are too close to the【C3】_of the enemies of the species.【C4】_there is really insufficient food or
12、the danger is very great, the animal will not【C5】_. In this way, the members of the species which are less fit will not have offspring. When there is conflict【C6】_territory, animals will commonly use force, or a show of force, to decide which will stay and which will go. It is interesting to note, 【
13、C7】_, that animals seem to use only the minimum amount of force【C8】_to drive away the intruder. There is usually no killing. In the case of those animals which are capable of【C9】_each other great harm, 【C10】_is a system for the losing animal to show the winning animal that he wishes to submit When h
14、e shows this, the victor normally stops fighting.（分数：20.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.useB.serveC.servedD.used(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.largerB.betterC.smallerD.worse(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.cavesB.nestsC.residencesD.habitats(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.NeitherB.IfC.SinceD.Because(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.breedB.produceC.mateD.compete(6
15、).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.forB.overC.withD.by(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.moreoverB.henceforthC.howeverD.yet(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.compulsoryB.essentialC.necessaryD.vital(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.doingB.madeC.givenD.sending(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.thisB.thatC.itD.there三、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：5，分数：40.00)Even today, when air and ro
16、ad travel has made Africa so readily accessible to Europeans and Americans, there are innumerable aspects of African life which tend to take one by surprise. The unfamiliar lies hidden every where, and the presence of Western culture seems merely to emphasize this unfamiliarity. Basically, the essen
17、ce of our reaction to the strange, the unfamiliar, is a sense of fear. Every country contains landscapes that arouse unease-whether it be some remote Alpine valley, the wild lavender fields of Upper Province, or a lonely Norwegian fjord at twilight But in my own experience West Africa contains more
18、weird and eerie regions-rain-forest, mangrove swamp, parched plains of red earth-than any other place that I have seen. It is not only in the foreigner that these landscapes evoke fear. A large part of all old African religions is devoted to soothing the unknown and the unseen-evil Spirits which liv
19、e in a particular tree or a particular rock, a thousand varieties of ghosts and witches, the ever-present spirits of dead ancestors or relatives. I have myself been kept awake at night in Calabar by a friend from Lagos who was convinced that the witches of the east were out to get him, or that he wa
20、s about to be kidnapped and eaten. During four and a half hours in a canoe along the creeks of the Niger delta, gliding over the still and colorless water beneath an equally still and colorless but burning sky, I, too, have experienced a sense of fear, or at least a sense of awe. Except for the tick
21、ing of the little outboard engine the silence was complete. On either hand stretched the silver-white swamps of mangrove, seeming, with their awkward exposed roots, to be standing knee-deep in the water. Where the creek narrowed you could peer deep into these thickets of mangroves-vistas secret, int
22、erminable and somehow meaningless. There was no sign of life except for the shrill screech of some unseen bird. I was on my way to the ancient slaving port of Bonny .which we reached in late afternoon. Scrambling up some derelict stone steps (slithery with slime and which had managed to detach thems
23、elves from the landing-stage so that you had to jump a two-foot gap to reach wet land), I found myself in an area of black mud and tumbled blocks of stone.（分数：8.00）(1).There are features of Western culture which are present in West Africa（分数：2.00）A.This fact makes it easier to accept the unfamiliari
24、ty of West AfricaB.This fact makes West Africa seem even stranger.C.This fact makes no difference to our reaction to West Africa.D.This fact has been greatly overemphasized.(2).A lot of the old African religion has to do with_.（分数：2.00）A.kidnapping peopleB.keeping the spirits awakeC.human sacrificeD
25、.keeping the spirits happy(3).The author was kept awake by_.（分数：2.00）A.a ghostB.his friendC.the witchesD.eerie feelings(4).“ Mangrove“ means_.（分数：2.00）A.a sort of birdB.a sort of manC.a sort of treeD.a sort of animalPerhaps the most striking quality of satiric literature is its freshness, its origin
26、ality of perspective. Satire rarely offers original ideas. Instead.it presents the familiar in a new form. Satirists do not offer the world new philosophies. What they do is look at familiar conditions from a perspective that makes these conditions seem foolish, harmful, or affected. Satire jars us
27、out of complacence into a pleasantly shocked realization that many of the values that we unquestionably accept are false. Don Quixote makes chivalry seem absurd;Brave New World ridicules the pretensions of science; A Modest Proposal dramatizes starvation by advocating cannibalism. None of these idea
28、s is original. Chivalry was suspect before Cervantes, humanists objected to the claims of pure science before Aldous Huxley, and people were aware of famine before Swift It was not the originality of the idea that made these satires popular. It was the manner of expression, the satire method, that m
29、ade them interesting and entertaining. Satires are read because they are aesthetically satisfying works of art, not because they are morally wholesome or ethically instructive. They are stimulating and refreshing because with commonsense briskness they brash away illusions and secondhand opinions. W
30、ith spontaneous irreverence, satire rearranges perspectives, scrambles familiar objects into incongruous combination, and speaks in a personal idiom instead of abstract platitude. Satire exists because there is need for it It has lived because the readers appreciate a refreshing stimulus, an irrever
31、ent reminder that they live in a world of platitudinous thinking, cheap moralizing, and foolish philosophy. Satire serves to prod people into an awareness of truth, though rarely to any action on behalf of truth. Satire tends to remind people that much of what they see, hear, and read in popular med
32、ia is hypocritical .sentimental, and only partially true. Life resembles in only a slight degree the popular image of it Soldiers rarely hold the ideals that movies attribute to them, nor do ordinary citizens devote their lives to unselfish service of humanity. Intelligent people know these things b
33、ut tend to forget them when they do not hear them expressed.（分数：8.00）(1).What does the passage mainly discuss?（分数：2.00）A.Difficulties of writing satiric literature.B.Popular topics of satire.C.New philosophies emerging from satiric literature.D.Reasons for the popularity of satire.(2).Why does the a
34、uthor mention Don Quixote, Brave New World and A Modest proposal in the first paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.They are famous examples of satiric literature.B.They present commonsense solutions to problems.C.They are appropriate for readers of all ages.D.They are books with similar stories.(3).Which of the fol
35、lowing can be found in satiric literature?（分数：2.00）A.Newly emerging philosophies.B.Odd combination of objects and ideas.C.Abstract discussion of morals and ethics.D.Wholesome characters who are unselfish.(4).According to the passage, there is a need for satire because people need to be_.（分数：2.00）A.i
36、nformed about new scientific developmentB.exposed to original philosophies when they are formulatedC.reminded that popular ideas are often inaccurateD.told how they can be of service to their communitiesCertainly no creature in the sea is odder than the common sea cucumber. All living creatures, esp
37、ecially human beings, have their peculiarities, but everything about the little sea cucumber seems unusual. What else can be said about a bizarre animal that among other eccentricities, eats mud, feeds almost continuously day and night but can live without eating for long periods, and can be poisono
38、us but is considered supremely edible by gourmets? For some fifty million years, despite all its eccentricities, the sea cucumber has subsisted on its diet of mud. It is adaptable enough to live attached to rocks by its tube feet, under rocks in shallow water, or on the surface of mud flats. Common
39、in cool water on both Atlantic and Pacific shores.it has the ability to suck up mud or sand and digest whatever nutrients are present Sea cucumbers come in a variety of colors, ranging from black to reddish-brown to sand-colored and nearly white. One form even has vivid purple tentacles. Usually the
40、 creatures are cucumber-shaped-hence their name and because they are typically rock inhabitants, this shape, combined with their flexibility, enables them to squeeze into crevices where they are safe from predators and ocean currents. Although they have voracious appetites, eating day and night, sea
41、 cucumbers have the capacity to become quiescent and live at a low metabolic rate-feeding sparingly or not at all for long periods, so that the marine organisms that provide their food have a chance to multiply. If it were not for this faculty, they would devour all the food available in a short tim
42、e and would probably starve themselves out of existence. But the most spectacular thing about the sea cucumber is the way it defends itself. Its major enemies are fish and crabs. When attacked, it squirts all its internal organs into the water. It also casts off attached structures such as tentacles
43、. The sea cucumber will eviscerate and regenerate itself if it is attacked or even touched: it will do the same if the surrounding water temperature is too high or the water becomes too polluted.（分数：8.00）(1).According to the passage, why is the shape of sea cucumber important?（分数：2.00）A.Because it h
44、elps them digest foodB.Because it helps them protect themselves from danger.C.Because it makes it easier for them to move through mud.D.Because it makes them attractive to fish.(2).The fourth paragraph of the passage primarily discusses_.（分数：2.00）A.the reproduction of sea cucumbersB.the food sources
45、 of sea cucumbersC.the eating habits of sea cucumbersD.threats to sea cucumbersexistence(3).What can be inferred about the defense mechanisms of the sea cucumber?（分数：2.00）A.They are very sensitive to the surrounding stimuli.B.They are almost useless.C.They require group cooperation.D.They are simila
46、r to those of most sea creatures.(4).Which of the following would NOT cause a sea cucumber to release its internal organs into the water?（分数：2.00）A.A touchB.FoodC.Unusually warm waterD.PollutionIn most earthquakes the Earths crust cracks like porcelain. Stress builds up until a fracture forms at the depth of a few kilometers and the crust slips to relieve the stress. Some earthquakes, however, take place hundreds of kilometers down in the Earths mantle, where high pressure m
