1、2011年南京大学英语专业（语言学）真题试卷及答案解析(总分：54.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、名词解释(总题数：5，分数：10.00)1.Define the following terms. Support your definition with one or two appropriate examples.Ambiguity（分数：2.00）_2.metalanguage（分数：2.00）_3.minimal pair（分数：2.00）_4.neologism（分数：2.00）_5.euphemism（分数：2.00）_二、单项选择题(总题数：10，分数：20.00)6.The
2、word “edit“ is formed through the process of_.（分数：2.00）A.blendingB.back-formationC.compoundingD.derivation7.By_, it is sometimes meant that the form of a word or sign partially or fully conveys the meaning of the word or sign.（分数：2.00）A.arbitrarinessB.creativityC.duality of structureD.iconicity8.Ass
3、imilation occurs in the articulation of the word “_“.（分数：2.00）A.invincibleB.inconvenienceC.inherentD.inadequate9.Deletion occurs in the articulation of all the words below except “_“.（分数：2.00）A.debtB.rhetoricC.styleD.flight10.The primary stress of the word “_“ falls on the first syllable.（分数：2.00）A.
4、comparableB.resistibleC.considerableD.negotiable11.All the following words except “_“ are dynamic verbs.（分数：2.00）A.boostB.discourageC.unpackD.concern12.The proverb “Modest dogs miss much meat“ exemplifies the use of_.（分数：2.00）A.alliterationB.consonanceC.assonanceD.rhyming13.As a presupposition trigg
5、er, “continue“ belongs to the category of_.（分数：2.00）A.factive verbsB.iterative verbsC.implicative verbsD.change-of-state verbs14.The expression “first priority“ is generally considered to be a case of_.（分数：2.00）A.redundancyB.tautologyC.contradictionD.inconsistency15.All the following words except “_
6、“ are performative verbs.（分数：2.00）A.warnB.adviseC.understandD.remind三、分析题(总题数：12，分数：24.00)16.Analyze the structure of the following by means of binary cutting.(12/150)deinstitutionalization（分数：2.00）_17.The person I met yesterday is my boss.（分数：2.00）_18.In most cases, a sentence with a prepositional
7、phrase indicating transfer can be naturally transformed into a double-object construction, as in:He gave a book to Mary. He gave Mary a book.However, when the following three sentences undergo the same transformation, they sound rather unnatural(possibly for different reasons), as marked by the ques
8、tion mark. Explain why.(15/ 150)(1)He sent a book to London. ? He sent London a book.(2)He sang a song to his dead lover. ? He sang his dead lover a song.(3)He gave a book to the fans who followed him around the world for over three months. ? He gave the fans who followed him around the world for ov
9、er three months a book.（分数：2.00）_19.Study the following collection of words carefully. Point out what types of semantic relations are involved among these words. Put the words into different groups according to the different semantic relations involved(Note that some words can be found in more than
10、one group). Add ONE word of your own to each semantic group, wherever possible.(18/ 150)vessel van deck boat wing subway engine truck metro jet sail vehicle（分数：2.00）_20.Study the following headlines carefully. Specify the type of rhetorical device used in each and the presupposed information in(1)an
11、d(3).(20/150)Mercury. Once Coveted, Now Orphaned（分数：2.00）_21.U. S. and South Korea Begin Joint Naval Exercises（分数：2.00）_22.Fashion Goes, Keds Stay.（分数：2.00）_23.Digital Domain: When the Software Is the Sportswriter（分数：2.00）_24.In China, Cultivating the Urge to Splurge（分数：2.00）_25.Domestic Lives; An E
12、mpty House Where Time Stands Still（分数：2.00）_26.Read the following two pairs of sentences. Compare Sentences A and B and answer the following two questions: 1)How are Sentences A and Sentences B different? and 2)Which sentence(Sentence A or Sentence B)in each pair do you prefer to use in academic wri
13、ting? Why?(15/150)(1)A. It may be said that the commitment to some of the social and economic concepts was less strong than it is now. B. The commitment to some of the social and economic concepts was less strong than it is now.(2)A. Recent work on the religious demography of Northern Ireland seems
14、to show a separating out of protestant and catholic, with the catholic population drifting westwards and vice versa. B. Recent work on the religious demography of Northern Ireland shows a separating out of protestant and catholic, with the catholic population drifting westwards and vice versa.（分数：2.
15、00）_27.Below is a questionnaire aimed at investigating the learner autonomy among college EFL learners(i. e. , to what extent can college students take an autonomus role in their English learning). Go over the items in the questionnaire and try to categorize them in the following table. Do you think
16、 these categories(or aspects of the learner autonomy)are adequate? If not,add TWO more categories together with specific items.(20/150) 英语学习情况问卷调查请根据下面每个数字所代表的含义，选出其中一个数字填在句子开头的括号里。1这个句子总是不符合我的情况。2这个句子通常不符合我的情况。3这个句子有时符合我的情况。4这个句子通常符合我的情况。5这个句子总是符合我的情况。( )1我能清楚地了解教师的教学目的与要求。( )2我了解一些有效的听力策略，如利用已有的知识
17、、根据说话者的语气和语调来判断意思等。( )3除了完成教师布置的学习任务，我有明确的英语学习计划。( )4在课堂上，我能了解教师采取某项教学活动提高学生语言能力的意图。( )5我了解一些有效的写作策略，如构思策略、修改策略等。( )6在英语学习过程中，我能意识到自己所使用的学习方法是否切合实际。( )7在听力练习中，我有意识地使用一些有效的听力策略。( )8我能把教师的教学目的转化为自己的学习目的。( )9我了解一些有效的交际策略，如迂回策略、求助策略、借助于形体语言等。( )10在英语学习方面，我能根据自身实际情况确立自己的学习目标。( )11在阅读练习中，我有意识地使用一些有效的阅读策略。
18、( )12在英语学习过程中，我能评价自己的学习方法，找出存在的问题和解决办法。( )13在写作练习中，我有意识地使用一些有效的写作策略。( )14我在考试后会自觉地找一下差距及存在的问题。( )15如果发现自己的学习方法不切实际时，我能及时地换用其他更合适的学习方法。( )16我了解一些有效的阅读策略，如略读、预测、猜测生词意思等。( )17我清楚自己在英语学习过程中的进步与不足。( )18在英语学习过程中，我能根据自己具体的学习情况来调整英语学习计划。( )19在学完一个单元之后我自己找一些题目进行自测，检查自己的学习效果。( )20在会话练习中，我有意识地使用一些有效的交际策略。*（分数：
19、2.00）_2011年南京大学英语专业（语言学）真题试卷答案解析(总分：54.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、名词解释(总题数：5，分数：10.00)1.Define the following terms. Support your definition with one or two appropriate examples.Ambiguity（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Ambiguity is the property, by some terms, of having two or more meanings. It can be quite precise in eac
20、h of its senses and may apply to words, phrases and sentences, considered in the abstract, or to utterances considered as uttered on a given occasion. For example, in the sentence Flying planes can be dangerous, the ambiguity comes from “Flying planes“ , it can be “planes that are flying“ , or “to f
21、ly planes“.)解析：解析：(考查歧义)2.metalanguage（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Metalanguage refers to a language or set of symbols used for talking about or describing another language. For example, I can use the word book to talk about a book, and I can also use the expression the word book to talk about the sign “boo
22、k“ itself.)解析：解析：(考查元语言)3.minimal pair（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：When two different forms are identical in every way except for one sound segment in the same place in strings, the two words are said to form a minimal pair. For example, beatbit and bitbet are two pairs of minimal pairs.)解析：解析：(考查最小对立体)4.ne
23、ologism（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Neologism refers to a new word or expression or a new meaning of a word, and also it can refer to the creation or use of new words. For example, teleportation, a word coined in 1931 with a Greek prefix tele-(meaning “distant“)and a Latin verb portare(meaning “to carry“).)
24、解析：解析：(考查新词)5.euphemism（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Euphemism refers to the use of a word which is thought to be less offensive or unpleasant than another word. For example, to say someone passed away is a euphemism used instead of saying he died.)解析：解析：(考查委婉语)二、单项选择题(总题数：10，分数：20.00)6.The word “edit“ is fo
25、rmed through the process of_.（分数：2.00）A.blendingB.back-formation C.compoundingD.derivation解析：解析：Back-formation refers to an abnormal type of word-formation where a shorter word is derived by deleting an imagined affix from a longer form already exists in the language. For example, the word “edit“ is
26、 created by deleting an imaginary affix “or“ from the word “editor“.(考查逆构词法)7.By_, it is sometimes meant that the form of a word or sign partially or fully conveys the meaning of the word or sign.（分数：2.00）A.arbitrarinessB.creativityC.duality of structureD.iconicity 解析：解析：Iconicity sometimes means th
27、at the form of a word or sign partially or fully conveys the meaning of the word or sign.(考查象似性)8.Assimilation occurs in the articulation of the word “_“.（分数：2.00）A.invincibleB.inconvenienceC.inherentD.inadequate 解析：解析：Assimilation refers to the change of a sound as a result of the influence of an a
28、djacent sound and in the word “inadequate“ , the vowel follows “in“ is nasalized by the latter. (考查同化)9.Deletion occurs in the articulation of all the words below except “_“.（分数：2.00）A.debtB.rhetoricC.styleD.flight 解析：解析：In the first three words, though the letters “b“ , “h“ and “e“ are orthographic
29、ally represented, their sounds are all deleted.(考查省略)10.The primary stress of the word “_“ falls on the first syllable.（分数：2.00）A.comparable B.resistibleC.considerableD.negotiable解析：解析：In the word “comparable“ , the primary stress falls on the first syllable.(考查重音)11.All the following words except “
30、_“ are dynamic verbs.（分数：2.00）A.boostB.discourageC.unpackD.concern 解析：解析：The word “concern“ is a static verb, while all the others are dynamic verbs.(考查动态动词)12.The proverb “Modest dogs miss much meat“ exemplifies the use of_.（分数：2.00）A.alliteration B.consonanceC.assonanceD.rhyming解析：解析：In the prover
31、b “ Modest dogs miss much meat“ , the initial consonants of all the words are identical, so it exemplifies the use of alliteration.(考查头韵)13.As a presupposition trigger, “continue“ belongs to the category of_.（分数：2.00）A.factive verbsB.iterative verbsC.implicative verbsD.change-of-state verbs 解析：解析：Th
32、ere are three kinds of presupposition triggers and one of them is verbs, which includes implicative verbs, factive verbs, change-of-state verbs, verbs of judging and so on, among which, “continue“ is a kind of change-of-state verb.(考查预设触发语的分类)14.The expression “first priority“ is generally considere
33、d to be a case of_.（分数：2.00）A.redundancyB.tautology C.contradictionD.inconsistency解析：解析：In the phrase “first priority“, “first“ means “coming before all the others in time, order, or importance, etc. “ , while “priority“ also means “being more than others“ , so it is a kind of tautology, which means
34、 using the same word or its synonyms to define a word.(考查赘语)15.All the following words except “_“ are performative verbs.（分数：2.00）A.warnB.adviseC.understand D.remind解析：解析：A performative is a sentence like “ I name this ship the Queen Elizabeth“ , which does not describe things and cannot be said to
35、be true or false and in the four verbs, “ understand“ is not a performative verb.(考查施为动词)三、分析题(总题数：12，分数：24.00)16.Analyze the structure of the following by means of binary cutting.(12/150)deinstitutionalization（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：deinstitutionalization l st cutting; de/institutionalization 2 nd cut
36、ting: de/institutionali(ze)/(a)tion 3 rd cutting: de/institutional/ize/(a)tion 4 th cutting: de/institution/al/ize/(a)tion 5 th cutting: de/institut(e)/(t)ion/al/ize/(a)tion)解析：17.The person I met yesterday is my boss.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：The person I met yesterday is my boss. 1 st cutting: The pers
37、on I met yesterday/is my boss. 2 nd cutting: The person I met yesterday/is/my boss. 3 rd cutting: The person/I met yesterday/is/my boss. 4 th cutting: The person/I/met yesterday/is/my boss. 5 th cutting: The/person/I/met/yesterday/is/my/boss.)解析：18.In most cases, a sentence with a prepositional phra
38、se indicating transfer can be naturally transformed into a double-object construction, as in:He gave a book to Mary. He gave Mary a book.However, when the following three sentences undergo the same transformation, they sound rather unnatural(possibly for different reasons), as marked by the question
39、 mark. Explain why.(15/ 150)(1)He sent a book to London. ? He sent London a book.(2)He sang a song to his dead lover. ? He sang his dead lover a song.(3)He gave a book to the fans who followed him around the world for over three months. ? He gave the fans who followed him around the world for over t
40、hree months a book.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：In syntax, two principal types of relations were identified by Saussure. One is syntagmatic and the other is paradigmatic. The former is a relation between one item and others in a sequence, or between elements which are all present. There are syntactic and se
41、mantic conditions the words in a syntagmatic relation must meet. Besides, the order of words is also influenced by semantic considerations.(3 points) (1)The first sentence is right while the second sentence is unnatural exists in the government principle. The verb “ send“ should be followed by two objects, one is direct while the other is indirect. Generally speaking, the indirect object must be animate who can make the act of “receive“ or “accept“ or anything else. However, in the second sentence, the indirect object is “London“. As a place which is inanimate, it can not “
