1、2012年中国石油大学（华东）英语翻译基础真题试卷及答案解析(总分：34.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、词语翻译(总题数：17，分数：30.00)1.英译汉_2.IPO（分数：2.00）_3.a letter of credit（分数：2.00）_4.merger（分数：2.00）_5.business license（分数：2.00）_6.office lady（分数：2.00）_7.jet lag（分数：2.00）_8.box office（分数：2.00）_9.汉译英_10.股份转让（分数：2.00）_11.对等语（分数：2.00）_12.金融危机（分数：2.00）_13.特许经营（分
2、数：2.00）_14.被捐款（分数：2.00）_15.陪审团（分数：2.00）_16.潜规则（分数：2.00）_17.小道消息（分数：2.00）_二、英汉互译(总题数：4，分数：4.00)18.英译汉_19.Life There is a tower that all must climb. At most, a hundred stairs lead up to it. The tower is hollow, and once a man reached the top, he falls down through it and is crushed. But hardly anybody
3、 falls down from so high up. It is the fate of each individual that if he reaches a certain appointed stair whose number he does not know beforehand, the stair gives way under his feet, reveals itself as a covering to a pitfall, and he disappears. Only he does not know whether the stair is twentieth
4、 or the sixty-third, or what its number is; but that one of these stairs will give way under him, this he surely knows. At first to ascend is easy, but slow. The ascent itself causes not the slightest difficulty, and at each stair the view through the peep-holes in the tower gives pleasure enough. E
5、verything is so new. The eyes dwell with a lingering interest on what is near as well as what is far away. And there is so much still in prospect. By degrees, the ascent causes more difficulty; the eyes grow more in different to the view, which always looks the same; and at the same time it seems as
6、 if there is hardly any lingering on each single stair, but as though one mounted more swiftly than before and took several stairs at a time; which, however, cannot be. As often as, once a year, a man mounts a stair, his fellow travelers wish him joy of not yet having disappeared. Each time that he
7、has ten stairs behind him and begins on a new landing, the congratulations are warmer; and each time the ever more paradoxical hope that his journey may long continue is more cordially expressed. The man concerned is generally deeply moved, and forgets both how little satisfaction he has behind him
8、and what adversity is still in store. So life passes for the majority of so-called normal people who remain spiritually in the same place. But there is also a pit shaft (竖井) into which those who desire to dig themselves galleries (矿井坑道) under the earth may descend, and likewise those whose desire is
9、 set on exploring the galleries others in the course of the centuries have dug. From year to year these continually go deeper down, to where metals and minerals lie hid. They make themselves familiar with the subterranean world, find their way among the labyrinthine galleries, direct or understand o
10、r take part in the work down there, and in this forget how the years are passing.（分数：2.00）_20.汉译英_21.“品茶”不但是鉴别茶的优劣，也带有神思遐想和领略饮茶情趣之意。在百忙之中泡上一壶浓茶，择雅静之处，自斟自饮，可以消除疲劳、振奋精神，也可以细啜慢饮，达到美的享受。品茶的环境一般由建筑物、园林、摆设、茶具等因素组成。饮茶要求安静、清新、舒适、干净。中国园林世界闻名，山水风景更是不可胜数。利用园林或自然山水间，搭设茶室，让人们小憩意趣盎然。 中国是文明古国，礼仪之邦，很重礼节。凡来了客人，沏茶、敬茶
11、的礼仪是必不可少的。当有客来访，可征求意见，选出最合来客口味的茶叶和最佳茶具待客。主人在陪伴客人饮茶时，要注意客人杯、壶中的茶水残留量，一般用茶杯泡茶，如已喝去一半，就要添加开水，随喝随添，使茶水浓度基本保持前后一致，水温适宜。在饮茶时也可以适当佐以茶食、糖果、菜肴等，达到调节口味和点心之功效。（分数：2.00）_2012年中国石油大学（华东）英语翻译基础真题试卷答案解析(总分：34.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、词语翻译(总题数：17，分数：30.00)1.英译汉_解析：2.IPO（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：(Initial Public Offerings)初次公开募股)解
12、析：3.a letter of credit（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：信用证)解析：4.merger（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：并购)解析：5.business license（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：营业执照)解析：6.office lady（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：白领丽人)解析：7.jet lag（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：时差)解析：8.box office（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：售票处)解析：9.汉译英_解析：10.股份转让（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：stock transfe
13、r)解析：11.对等语（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：equivalents)解析：12.金融危机（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：financial crisis)解析：13.特许经营（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：franchise)解析：14.被捐款（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：be donated)解析：15.陪审团（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：jury)解析：16.潜规则（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：hidden rule)解析：17.小道消息（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：hearsay)解析：二、英汉互译(
14、总题数：4，分数：4.00)18.英译汉_解析：19.Life There is a tower that all must climb. At most, a hundred stairs lead up to it. The tower is hollow, and once a man reached the top, he falls down through it and is crushed. But hardly anybody falls down from so high up. It is the fate of each individual that if he rea
15、ches a certain appointed stair whose number he does not know beforehand, the stair gives way under his feet, reveals itself as a covering to a pitfall, and he disappears. Only he does not know whether the stair is twentieth or the sixty-third, or what its number is; but that one of these stairs will
16、 give way under him, this he surely knows. At first to ascend is easy, but slow. The ascent itself causes not the slightest difficulty, and at each stair the view through the peep-holes in the tower gives pleasure enough. Everything is so new. The eyes dwell with a lingering interest on what is near
17、 as well as what is far away. And there is so much still in prospect. By degrees, the ascent causes more difficulty; the eyes grow more in different to the view, which always looks the same; and at the same time it seems as if there is hardly any lingering on each single stair, but as though one mou
18、nted more swiftly than before and took several stairs at a time; which, however, cannot be. As often as, once a year, a man mounts a stair, his fellow travelers wish him joy of not yet having disappeared. Each time that he has ten stairs behind him and begins on a new landing, the congratulations ar
19、e warmer; and each time the ever more paradoxical hope that his journey may long continue is more cordially expressed. The man concerned is generally deeply moved, and forgets both how little satisfaction he has behind him and what adversity is still in store. So life passes for the majority of so-c
20、alled normal people who remain spiritually in the same place. But there is also a pit shaft (竖井) into which those who desire to dig themselves galleries (矿井坑道) under the earth may descend, and likewise those whose desire is set on exploring the galleries others in the course of the centuries have du
21、g. From year to year these continually go deeper down, to where metals and minerals lie hid. They make themselves familiar with the subterranean world, find their way among the labyrinthine galleries, direct or understand or take part in the work down there, and in this forget how the years are pass
22、ing.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： 人生 每个人都有一座塔需要攀登。大部分时候，需百级阶梯方能登顶。此塔中空，一旦登顶，登顶之人便会从中掉落，并粉身碎骨。然而，几乎没有人能够在如此高的高度掉落。每个人都有这样的命运，抵达某个指定阶梯，而这个阶梯的编号是事先不知的，这个阶梯在他脚下坍塌，将其隐藏的陷阱显露了出来之后，他便消失不见了。只有他自己不知道那个阶梯是 20号还是 63号，或者其他具体的编号。但是，他确切知道，这些阶梯中总有一个会在他脚下崩塌。 刚开始攀登时，难度不大但速度慢。最难的事情并不是攀登本身，而是每登一个阶梯，通过塔内窥视孔所看到的景象，让人饶有兴味。一切都如此崭
23、新。于近景和远景之间徘徊的乐趣，让人不免沉浸其中，而且，前方还有更多的景色。越到后面，攀登就越发艰难，攀登者对看上去一成不变的景象也愈发冷漠。与此同时，似乎很少有人在每个阶梯上徘徊。尽管每个人攀登起来比之前都要敏捷，甚至可以一次性跨上几个阶梯。然而，这样子的行为却是不可取的。 每次，通常是一年一次，当他登上一层阶梯时，同行之人都希望他能够继续前行。每当走过十层阶梯后，都会出现一个新的平台，迎接他的是更为温暖的祝贺；而且，人们每次都会更为真诚地向他表达似是而非的祝愿，祝愿他的旅途可能还会长期继续。那么他通常就会很受感动，从而忽略他之前的甚微满足和即将到来的不幸。 所以，生活会让那些大部分所谓的普
24、通人通过，因为这些人能够精神上一直停留在同一个地方。 然而，对于那些想要自己挖地下通道的人，可能会进到一个竖井当中。同样的情况也会发生在那些想要开始挖掘其他矿井坑道的人身上，而这些矿道可能需要几个世纪的过程。 时间一年一年过去，这些人还在不断往下深入，向着藏着金属和矿产的地方。他们让自己熟悉地下的世界，并在迷宫中找到自己要走的道路，引导，理解或者参与到那里的世界，并因此忘记时间的流逝。)解析：20.汉译英_解析：21.“品茶”不但是鉴别茶的优劣，也带有神思遐想和领略饮茶情趣之意。在百忙之中泡上一壶浓茶，择雅静之处，自斟自饮，可以消除疲劳、振奋精神，也可以细啜慢饮，达到美的享受。品茶的环境一般由
25、建筑物、园林、摆设、茶具等因素组成。饮茶要求安静、清新、舒适、干净。中国园林世界闻名，山水风景更是不可胜数。利用园林或自然山水间，搭设茶室，让人们小憩意趣盎然。 中国是文明古国，礼仪之邦，很重礼节。凡来了客人，沏茶、敬茶的礼仪是必不可少的。当有客来访，可征求意见，选出最合来客口味的茶叶和最佳茶具待客。主人在陪伴客人饮茶时，要注意客人杯、壶中的茶水残留量，一般用茶杯泡茶，如已喝去一半，就要添加开水，随喝随添，使茶水浓度基本保持前后一致，水温适宜。在饮茶时也可以适当佐以茶食、糖果、菜肴等，达到调节口味和点心之功效。（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： “Savoring tea“ is no
26、t only a way to discern good tea from mediocre tea, but also how people take delight in their reverie and in tea-drinking itself. Snatching a bit of leisure from a busy schedule, making a kettle of strong tea and serving and drinking tea by yourself in a serene space can help banish fatigue and insp
27、ire you with enthusiasm. You may also imbibe it slowly in small sips to appreciate the subtle allure of tea-drinking. Buildings, gardens, ornaments and tea sets are the elements that form the ambiance for savoring tea. A tranquil, refreshing, comfortable and neat locale is certainly desirable for dr
28、inking tea. Chinese gardens are well known in the world and beautiful Chinese landscapes are too numerous to count. Teahouses tucked away in gardens and nestled beside the natural beauty of mountains and rivers are enchanting places of repose for people to rest and recreate themselves. China is a co
29、untry with a time-honored civilization and a land of ceremony and decorum. Whenever guests visit, it is necessary to make and serve tea to them. Before serving tea, you may ask them for their preferences as to what kind of tea they fancy and serve them the tea in the most appropriate teacups. In the
30、 course of serving tea, the host should take careful note of how much water is remaining in the cups and in the kettle. Usually, if the tea is made in a teacup, boiling water should be added after half of the cup has been consumed; and thus the cup is kept filled so that the tea retains the same bouquet and remains pleasantly warm throughout the entire course of tea-drinking. Snacks, sweets and other dishes may be served at tea time to complement the fragrance of the tea and to allay ones hunger.)解析：
