1、2014 年中国海洋大学英语翻译基础真题试卷及答案解析(总分：64.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、词语翻译(总题数：32，分数：60.00)1.英译汉_2.CBD（分数：2.00）_3.FTA（分数：2.00）_4.NPL（分数：2.00）_5.FOB（分数：2.00）_6.HSK（分数：2.00）_7.NGO（分数：2.00）_8.ISO（分数：2.00）_9.Caller ID（分数：2.00）_10.BRICS（分数：2.00）_11.Break Pane Law（分数：2.00）_12.Game Theory（分数：2.00）_13.civil liability（分数：2.00）_
2、14.board of directors（分数：2.00）_15.Broad Band Salary Design（分数：2.00）_16.perfect capacity for act（分数：2.00）_17.汉译英_水货_19.核威慑（分数：2.00）_20.生育率（分数：2.00）_21.稀土资源（分数：2.00）_22.污水处理（分数：2.00）_23.滥用职权（分数：2.00）_24.第三产业（分数：2.00）_25.按揭贷款（分数：2.00）_26.网络经济（分数：2.00）_27.同比增长（分数：2.00）_28.防伪标志（分数：2.00）_29.债务减免（分数：2.00）_
3、30.单边主义（分数：2.00）_31.国家海洋局（分数：2.00）_32.国有商业银行股份制改革（分数：2.00）_二、英汉互译(总题数：4，分数：4.00)33.英译汉_34.Language varieties correspond to geographical variation, giving rise to different geographical dialects. It should be noted that demarcation lines between regional varieties are drawn not always on linguistic g
4、rounds but often in the light of political or cultural considerations (e. g. the situation of Dutch vis-a-vis German, where a geographical boundary based on linguistic considerations alone would be difficult to determine) . Another misconception surrounding geographical variation is that a given var
5、iety has the same status throughout the area where it is spoken (e. g. the notion that only one variety of English is used in, say southern England). The dynamics of geographical variation are too complex to pigeonhole neatly; the notion of a “continuum“ with inevitable overlaps may be necessary for
6、 a better understanding not only of geographical variation but of other types of dialect as well. An awareness of geographical variation, and of the ideological and political implications that it may have, is therefore essential for translators and interpreters. Accent, for example, is one of the mo
7、re recognizable features of geographical variation and is often a source of problems. We recall the controversy in Scotland a few years ago over the use of Scottish accents in representing the speech of Russian peasants in TV dramatization of a foreign play. The inference was allowed that a Scottish
8、 accent might somehow be associated with low status, something which, no doubt, was not intended. The difficulty of achieving dialectal equivalence in translation will be apparent to anyone who has translated for the stage. Rendering source-text dialect by target-language standard has the disadvanta
9、ge of losing the special effect intended in the source text, while rendering dialect by dialect runs the risk of creating unintended effects. At a more general level, sensitivity to the various accents and lexicon-grammatical features of different geographical dialects is the hallmark of the compete
10、nt interpreter at international conferences. (306 words)（分数：2.00）_35.汉译英_36.所谓“情境”是指喜怒哀乐的情感，这是诗的灵魂。没有浓烈的情感写不出好诗，然而表现得不好也不成其诗。如果说物境越鲜明越好，那么情境则越含蓄越好。所说的“不著一字，尽得风流”，就说的是情境。如李白的怨情：“美人卷珠帘，深坐颦蛾眉。但见泪痕湿，不知心恨谁?”四句诗勾出一幅素描：珠帘内一个年轻美女，久坐不动，眉头紧锁，渐渐又流出泪水。她究竟有什么幽怨呢?诗人一句也不说，让读者去体会和想象。通常这类诗都是写久被幽禁在深宫中的宫女，那么你可以想见她的苦闷。
11、她可能怨恨父母没有把她嫁出，可能怨恨情人没有和她及早完婚，可能怨恨拉她进宫的官吏，也有可能怨恨冷落她的帝王，更有可能怨恨无情的命运总之，由你去想象，当然是合理的想象。如果在诗中明确说出某一种怨恨，那境界就被限定，诗味就有限了。(340 字)（分数：2.00）_2014 年中国海洋大学英语翻译基础真题试卷答案解析(总分：64.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、词语翻译(总题数：32，分数：60.00)1.英译汉_解析：2.CBD（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：中央商务区(Central Business District)解析：3.FTA（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：自由贸易
12、协定(Free Trade Agreement)解析：4.NPL（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：不良贷款(Non Performing Loan)解析：5.FOB（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：离岸价(free on board)解析：6.HSK（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：汉语水平考试)解析：7.NGO（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：非政府组织(NonGovernmental Organization)解析：8.ISO（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：国际标准化组织(International Organization for Standar
13、dization)解析：9.Caller ID（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：来电显示)解析：10.BRICS（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：金砖五国)解析：11.Break Pane Law（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：破窗效应)解析：12.Game Theory（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：博弈论)解析：13.civil liability（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：民事责任)解析：14.board of directors（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：董事会)解析：15.Broad Band Salary Design
14、（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：宽带薪酬设计)解析：16.perfect capacity for act（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：完全行为能力)解析：17.汉译英_解析：水货_正确答案：(正确答案：parallel goods)解析：19.核威慑（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：nuclear deterrence)解析：20.生育率（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：fertility rate)解析：21.稀土资源（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：rare earth resources)解析：22.污水处理（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(
15、正确答案：sewage treatment)解析：23.滥用职权（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：abuse of power)解析：24.第三产业（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：tertiary industry)解析：25.按揭贷款（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：mortgage loan)解析：26.网络经济（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：cyber economy)解析：27.同比增长（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：yearonyear growth)解析：28.防伪标志（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：anti-fake lab
16、el)解析：29.债务减免（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：debt relief)解析：30.单边主义（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：unilateralism)解析：31.国家海洋局（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：State Oceanic Administration)解析：32.国有商业银行股份制改革（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：equity reformation of stateowned commercial bank)解析：二、英汉互译(总题数：4，分数：4.00)33.英译汉_解析：34.Language varieties corre
17、spond to geographical variation, giving rise to different geographical dialects. It should be noted that demarcation lines between regional varieties are drawn not always on linguistic grounds but often in the light of political or cultural considerations (e. g. the situation of Dutch vis-a-vis Germ
18、an, where a geographical boundary based on linguistic considerations alone would be difficult to determine) . Another misconception surrounding geographical variation is that a given variety has the same status throughout the area where it is spoken (e. g. the notion that only one variety of English
19、 is used in, say southern England). The dynamics of geographical variation are too complex to pigeonhole neatly; the notion of a “continuum“ with inevitable overlaps may be necessary for a better understanding not only of geographical variation but of other types of dialect as well. An awareness of
20、geographical variation, and of the ideological and political implications that it may have, is therefore essential for translators and interpreters. Accent, for example, is one of the more recognizable features of geographical variation and is often a source of problems. We recall the controversy in
21、 Scotland a few years ago over the use of Scottish accents in representing the speech of Russian peasants in TV dramatization of a foreign play. The inference was allowed that a Scottish accent might somehow be associated with low status, something which, no doubt, was not intended. The difficulty o
22、f achieving dialectal equivalence in translation will be apparent to anyone who has translated for the stage. Rendering source-text dialect by target-language standard has the disadvantage of losing the special effect intended in the source text, while rendering dialect by dialect runs the risk of c
23、reating unintended effects. At a more general level, sensitivity to the various accents and lexicon-grammatical features of different geographical dialects is the hallmark of the competent interpreter at international conferences. (306 words)（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： 语言随地理变异产生变体，地域方言应运而生。值得注意的是，不同区域的分界线
24、并不总是根据语言来划定，很多时候是由政治或文化因素决定(比如说，倘若单从语言角度来看，荷兰语和德语之间的区别很小)。另一围绕地理变异的误解是，一种特定的语言变体在使用地享有同等的地位(比如有人认为英格兰南部只会使用一种英语变体)。地理变异的动态变化极为复杂，很难进行清楚的界定；要更好理解地理变异而产生的地域方言以及其他类型方言，就必须了解“连续性”的概念，及不可避免的重叠性。 因此，笔译员和口译员都要对地理变异及其意识形态和政治意涵有一定的了解。比如说，口音是地理变异较为明显的一个产物，时常会成为翻译的难题。几年前，在外国戏剧改编的电视剧中，俄罗斯农民操着一口苏格兰方言，这在苏格兰引起巨大争议
25、。我们可以推测，苏格兰方言或许象征着社会地位低下，当然上述做法肯定是无心为之的。 在翻译中做到方言平等并非易事，有过舞台剧翻译经历的译员肯定对此深有感触。将源文本的方言译为标准目标语有一大弊端，就是失去源语言想要营造的特殊效果，而用方言译方言则有可能产生非预期的效果。一般来说，对于不同地域方言的口音和词汇语法特点的高度敏感，是国际会议中的合格译员所必备的能力。)解析：解析： 本文选自巴兹尔.哈蒂姆(Basil Hatim)和伊思.梅森(Ian Mason)所著的语篇与译者(Discourse and the Translator)一书。这本书探讨了翻译中存在的问题，既承袭翻译研究的已有成果，又
26、对翻译研究的领域有所开拓和创新。选段部分主要介绍了语言变体与地域之间的关系，阐述了方言对翻译产生的特殊要求，由于涉及社会语言学、话语研究、语用学和符号学等研究成果，具有较高的专业性和技术性，需要考生在平时的语言学和翻译理论学习中多加注意。35.汉译英_解析：36.所谓“情境”是指喜怒哀乐的情感，这是诗的灵魂。没有浓烈的情感写不出好诗，然而表现得不好也不成其诗。如果说物境越鲜明越好，那么情境则越含蓄越好。所说的“不著一字，尽得风流”，就说的是情境。如李白的怨情：“美人卷珠帘，深坐颦蛾眉。但见泪痕湿，不知心恨谁?”四句诗勾出一幅素描：珠帘内一个年轻美女，久坐不动，眉头紧锁，渐渐又流出泪水。她究竟有
27、什么幽怨呢?诗人一句也不说，让读者去体会和想象。通常这类诗都是写久被幽禁在深宫中的宫女，那么你可以想见她的苦闷。她可能怨恨父母没有把她嫁出，可能怨恨情人没有和她及早完婚，可能怨恨拉她进宫的官吏，也有可能怨恨冷落她的帝王，更有可能怨恨无情的命运总之，由你去想象，当然是合理的想象。如果在诗中明确说出某一种怨恨，那境界就被限定，诗味就有限了。(340 字)（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： The so-called world of feelings refers to the expression of such feelings as happiness, anger, sorrow
28、and joy, and serves as the soul of a poem. It is true that good poetry is produced out of powerful feelings, but if such feelings are not expressed well, there will not be fine poetry either. If the description of the world of objects demands the most striking characteristics, then the expression of the world of feelings calls for the greatest extent of reservedness. Just as the saying goes, “Not a single word was uttered, but all the elegance and grace was brought ou
