1、MBA 联考-英语(二)-4 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In 1924 Americans National Research Council sent to engineers to supervise a series of industrial experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-f
2、loor lighting (1) workers productivity. Instead, the studies ended (2) giving their name to the “Hawthorne effect“, the extremely influential idea that the very (3) to being experimented upon changed subjects behavior.The idea arose because of the (4) behavior of the women in the Hawthorne plant. Ac
3、cording to (5) of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not (6) what was done in the experiment; (7) something was changed, productivity rose. A (n) (8) that they were being experimented upon seemed to be (9) to alter workers behav
4、ior (10) itself.After several decades, the same data were (11) to econometric the analysis. Hawthorne experiments has another surprise store (12) the descriptions on record, no systematic (13) was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting.It turns out that peculiar way of
5、 conducting the experiments may be have let to (14) interpretation of what happened. (15) , lighting was always changed on a Sunday. When work started again on Monday, output (16) rose compared with the previous Saturday and (17) to rise for the next couple of days. (18) , a comparison with data for
6、 weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday, workers (19) to be diligent for the first few days of the working week in any case, before (20) a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged “Hawthorne effect“ is hard to pin down.（分数：10.00）(1)
7、.A. affected B. achieved C. extracted D. restored（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. at B. up C. with D. off（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. truth B. sight C. act D. proof（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A. controversial B. perplexing C. mischievous D. ambiguous（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. requirements B. explanations C. accounts D. ass
8、essments（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. conclude B. matter C. indicate D. work（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. as far as B. for fear that C. in case that D. so long as（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. awareness B. expectation C. sentiment D. illusion（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. suitable B. excessive C. enough D. abundant（分数：0.50）A
9、.B.C.D.(10).A. about B. for C. on D. by（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. compared B. shown C. subjected D. conveyed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. contrary to B. consistent with C. parallel with D. peculiar to（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A. evidence B. guidance C. implication D. source（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. disputable B
10、. enlightening C. reliable D. misleading（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. In contrast B. For example C. In consequence D. As usual（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. duly B. accidentally C. unpredictably D. suddenly（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. failed B. ceased C. started D. continued（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A. Therefore B. Fu
11、rthermore C. However D. Meanwhile（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. attempted B. tended C. chose D. intended（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A. breaking B. climbing C. surpassing D. hitting（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)They are among the 250,000 people
12、 under the age of 25 who are out of work in the Netherlands, a group that accounts for 40 percent of the nations unemployed. A storm of anger boils up at the government-sponsored (政府资助的) youth center, even among those who are continuing their studies. “We study for jobs that dont exist.“ Nicollete S
13、teggerda, 23, said.After three decades of prosperity, unemployment among 10 member nations of the European Community has exceeded 11 percent, affecting a total of 12.3 million people, and the number is climbing.The bitter disappointment long expressed by British youths is spreading across the Contin
14、ent. The title of a rock song “No Future“ can now be seen written on the brick walls of closed factories in Belgium and France.Recent surveys have found that the increasing argument in the last few years over the deployment 布局) in Europe of North Atlantic Treaty Organization missiles and the possibi
15、lity of nuclear war have clouded European youths confidence in the future.One form of protest tends to put the responsibility tot a countrys economic troubles on the large numbers of “guest workers“ from Third World nations, people welcomed in Western Europe in the years of prosperity.Young European
16、s, brought up in an extended period of economic success and general stability, seem to resemble Americans more than they do their own parents. Material enjoyment has given them a sense of expectation, each the right, to a standard of living that they see around them.“And so we pass the days at the d
17、iscos, or meet people at the caf, and sit and stare.“ said Isabella Gcuit. “There is usually not much conversation. You look for happiness. Sometimes you even find it./（分数：10.00）(1).Unemployment in the Netherlands has affected _.A. one million people B. approximately 12.3 million of peopleC. 250,000
18、 people D. roughly 0.6 million people（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What Nicollete Steggerda said (Para.2) suggests that _.A. school education is not sufficientB. the students aim in study is not clearC. the students cant get work after graduationD. the students lose their motivation in their study（分数：2.00）A.
19、B.C.D.(3).British youths _.A. are trying to seek their fortune on the ContinentB. are indifferent to the unemployed on the ContinentC. have been the first to show their disappointment over joblessnessD. are sympathetic to the unemployed in France and Belgium（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The author states all
20、 the items listed except _.A. European youths are worried about a new world war in the futureB. widespread unemployment is beyond European youths expectationC. the rock song “No Future“ is an expression of the disappointment of European youthD. about 40% of the guest workers are out of work in Weste
21、rn Europe now（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).It seems that young Europeans _.A. are more like Americans than their elders in their way of thinkingB. look on life as their elders doC. look more like Americans than their elders doD. expect more from Americans than from their elders（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1
22、，分数：10.00)For American parents, bargain prices for toys this holiday season qualify as good news: A Barbie fan who rose before dawn for Wal-Marts Black Friday sale could secure the “Barbie Diamond Castle Princess Liana Doll“ for $5-royally marked down from its regular retail price. At Target, a radi
23、o- controlled helicopter cost a mere $15. The price wars were enough to draw consumers out of their bunkers (碉堡) for their first shopping outing in months.But wrapped up with those cheap toys are ominous economic omens for both sides of the Pacific. The rock-bottom prices show how desperate US retai
24、lers are to plump up weak consumer demanda symptom of the ailing US economy and a serious problem for China, which makes nine of every 10 toys sold in American stores.The toy industry has played a major role in Chinas economic surge (猛增) over the past 30 years. But Chinese toy makers began feeling t
25、he economic squeeze well before the US recession was made official in late November. The volume of Chinese toys passing through eight major US ports was down 5.9 percent in the first nine months in 2008, compared to the same period in 2007, according to economic: forecasters IHS Global Insight, whic
26、h tracks the information for the National Federation of Retailers.Chinas new labor contract law which imposed stricter conditions and compensation for layoffs of temporary workers took effect in 2007, increasing costs for manufacturers that rely heavily on migrants on production lines, including toy
27、 makers and other labor- intensive manufacturers based mainly in southern Guangdong province. Toy makers also were hard hit by the rising price of oil, which surged to more than $140 a barrel in June, and in turn sharply increased the price of plastic.Industry sources say the toy makers saw profits
28、squeezed to the point where many tried to renegotiate contracts with buyersespecially major US players like Wal-Mart. When they discovered the buyers wouldnt move even slightly on the purchase agreements, many simply decided to close their factories. “Over half (of the factories) that have closed ha
29、d negotiated a price, then when they couldnt get the retailer to move (on the price), they wouldnt make it at a loss and closed down. “ said Britt Beemer, a retail strategist and founder of Americas Research Group.To be sure, some of the factories that were shut down were small shops that employed o
30、nly a few dozen workers. And the contraction is to some degree a natural consolidation process in an industry, that is overbuilt.（分数：10.00）(1).What does the word “ominous“ (Line 1, Para 2) mean?A. Prosperous. B. Threatening.C. Confusing. D. Significant.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following is
31、TRUE about the toy industry in China?A. The toy industry, in China is influenced by the retail business in the US.B. The toys made in China have a total market share in the US.C. The toy industry is the main cause for the economic downfall in China.D. The toy industry didnt suffer until the US reces
32、sion was made official.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What is the effect Chinas new labor contract law has on toy industry?A. It ensures better protection of temporary workers in the industry.B. Its stricter conditions cause more layoffs in toy industryC. It affects toy industry, more than other manufacturing
33、 businesses.D. It adds more cost for labor-intensive manufacturers like toy makers.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What can you infer from the last paragraph?A. Small factories are more seriously affected by the economic recession.B. The closing down of toy factories is not extremely serious.C. Only a few work
34、ers are laid off in each toy manufacturing factory.D. It may not be all bad for some of the toy factories to close down.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Whats the main idea of the passage?A. The development of toy manufacturing industry in China.B. The major causes of the closing down of toy factories.C. The pr
35、esent situation of toy industry, in China.D. The connection between toy industry in China and retailers in the US.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Will the European Union make it? The question would have sounded strange not long ago. Now even the projects greatest cheerleaders talk of a cont
36、inent facing a “Bermuda triangle“ of debt, population decline and lower growth.As well as those chronic problems, the EU face an acute crisis in its economic core, the 16 countries that use the single currency. Markets have lost faith that the euro zones economies, weaker or stronger, will one day c
37、onverge thanks to the discipline of sharing a single currency, which denies uncompetitive members the quick fix of devaluation.Yet the debate about how to save Europes single currency from disintegration is stuck. It is stuck because the euro zones dominant powers, France and Germany, agree on the n
38、eed for greater harmonization within the euro zone, but disagree about what to harmonies.Germany thinks the euro must be saved by stricter rules on borrow spending and competitiveness, marked by quasi-automatic sanctions for governments that do not obey. These might include threats to freeze EU fund
39、s for poorer regions and EU mega-projects and even the suspension of a countrys voting rights in EU ministerial councils. It insists that economic co-ordination should involve all 27 members of the EU club, among whom there is a small majority for free-market liberalism and economic rigour; in the i
40、nner core alone, Germany fears, a small majority favour French interference.A “southern“ camp headed by French wants something different: “European economic government“ within an inner core of euro-zone members. Translated, that means politicians intervening in monetary policy and a system of redist
41、ribution from richer to poorer members, via cheaper borrowing for governments through common Eurobonds or complete fiscal transfers. Finally, figures close to the France government have murmured, euro-zone members should agree to some fiscal and social harmonization: e. g. , curbing competition in c
42、orporate-tax rates or labour costs.It is too soon to write off the EU. It remains the worlds largest trading block. At its best, the European project is remarkably liberal: built around a single market of 27 rich and poor countries, its internal borders are far more open to goods, capital and labor
43、than any comparable trading area. It is an ambitious attempt to blunt the sharpest edges of globalization, and make capitalism benign.（分数：10.00）(1).The EU is faced with so many problems that _.A. it has more or less lost faith in marketsB. even its supporters begin to feel concernedC. some of its me
44、mber countries plan to abandon euroD. it intends to deny the possibility of devaluation（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The debate over the EUs single currency is stuck because the dominant powers _.A. are competing for the leading positionB. are busy handling their own crisesC. fail to reach an agreement on ha
45、rmonizationD. disagree on the steps towards disintegration（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).To solve the euro problem, Germany proposed that _.A. EU funds for poor regions be increasedB. stricter regulations be imposedC. only core members be involved in economic co-ordinationD. voting rights of the EU members be
46、 guaranteed（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The French proposal of handling the crisis implies that _.A. poor countries are more likely to get fundsB. strict monetary policy will be applied to poor countriesC. loans will be readily available to rich countriesD. rich countries will basically control Eurobonds（分数
47、：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Regarding the future of the EU, the author seems to feel _.A. pessimistic B. desperateC. conceited D. hopeful（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Talk to any parent of a student who took an adventurous gap year (a year between school and university when some students earn money
48、, travel, etc. ) and a misty look will come into their eyes. There are some disasters and even the most motivated, organized gap student does require family back-up, financial, emotional and physical. The parental mistiness is not just about the brilliant experience that has matured their offspring;
49、 it is vicarious living. We all wish pre-university gap years had been the fashion in our day. We can see how much tougher our kids become; how much more prepared to benefit from university or to decide positively that they are going to do something other than a degree.Gap years are fashionable, as is reflected in the huge growth in the number of charities and private companies offering them. Pictures of Prince William toiling in Chile have helped, but the trend has been gathering steam for a decade. The range
