1、MBA 联考-英语(二)-5 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health“. But (1) some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness. Laughter does (2) short-term c
2、hanges in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, (3) heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to (4) , a good laugh is unlikely to have (5) benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.(6) , instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, lau
3、ghter apparently accomplishes the (7) , studies dating back to the 1930s indicate that laughter (8) muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.Such bodily reaction might conceivably help (9) the effects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probably
4、 does produce other types of (10) feedback, that improve an individuals emotional state. (11) one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted (12) physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry (13) they are sad but they become sad when the
5、 tears begin to flow.Although sadness also (14) tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow (15) muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988, social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of Wrzburg in Germany asked volunteers to (16) a pen either with their teeth-thereby creatin
6、g an artificial smile- or with their lips, which would produce a (n) (17) expression. Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles (18) more exuberantly to funny cartons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, (19) that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other
7、way around (20) , the physical act of laughter could improve mood.（分数：10.00）(1).A. among B. except C. despite D. like（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. reflect B. demand C. indicate D. produce（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. stabilizing B. boosting C. impairing D. determining（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A. transmit B. sustain
8、C. evaluate D. observe（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. measurable B. manageable C. affordable D. renewable（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. In turn B. In fact C. In addition D. In brief（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. opposite B. impossible C. average D. expected（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. hardens B. weakens C. tightens D. relaxes
9、（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. aggravate B. generate C. moderate D. enhance（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A. physical B. mental C. subconscious D. internal（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. Except for B. According to C. Due to D. As for（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. with B. on C. in D. at（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A. unless B. until C.
10、 if D. because（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. exhausts B. follows C. precedes D. suppresses（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. into B. from C. towards D. beyond（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. fetch B. bite C. pick D. hold（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. disappointed B. excited C. joyful D. indifferent（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A. adapte
11、d to B. catered to C. turned to D. reacted to（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. suggesting B. requiring C. mentioning D. supposing（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A. Eventually B. Consequently C. Similarly D. Conversely（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)At
12、the heart of the debate over illegal immigration lies one key question: are immigrants good or bad for the economy? The American public overwhelmingly thinks theyre bad. Yet the consensus among most economists is that immigration, both legal and illegal, provides a small net boost to the economy. Im
13、migrants provide cheap labor, lower the prices of everything from farm produce to new homes, and leave consumers with a little more money in their pockets. So why is there such a discrepancy between the perception of immigrants impact on the economy and the reality?There are a number of familiar the
14、ories. Some argue that people are anxious and feel threatened by an inflow of new workers. Others highlight the strain that undocumented immigrants place on public services, like schools, hospitals, and jails. Still others emphasize the role of race, arguing that foreigners add to the nations fears
15、and insecurities. Theres some truth to all these explanations, but they arent quite sufficient.To get a better understanding of whats going on, consider the way immigrations impact is felt. Though its overall effect may be positive, its costs and benefits are distributed unevenly. David Card, an eco
16、nomist at UC Berkeley, notes that the ones who profit most directly from immigrants low- cost labor are businesses and employers-meatpacking plants in Nebraska, for instance, or agricultural businesses in California. Granted, these producers savings probably translate into lower prices at the grocer
17、y store, but how many consumers make that mental connection at the checkout counter? As for the drawbacks of illegal immigration, these, too, are concentrated. Native low-skilled workers suffer most from the competition of foreign labor. According to a study by George Borjas, a Harvard economist, im
18、migration reduced the wages of American high-school drop-outs by 9% between 1980-2000.Among high-skilled, better-educated employees, however, opposition was strongest in states with both high numbers of immigrants and relatively generous social services. What worried them most, in other words, was t
19、he fiscal (财政的) burden of immigration. That conclusion was reinforced by another finding: that their opposition appeared to soften when that fiscal burden decreased, as occurred with welfare reform in the 1990s, which curbed immigrants access to certain benefits.The irony is that for all the overexc
20、ited debate, the net effect of immigration is minimal. Even for those most acutely affected-say, low-skilled workers, or California residents-the impact isnt all that dramatic. “The unpleasant voices have tended to dominate our perceptions,“ says Daniel Tichenor, a political science professor at the
21、 University of Oregon. “But when all those factors are put together and the economists calculate the numbers, it ends up being a net positive, but a small one.“ Too bad most people dont realize it.（分数：10.00）(1).What can we learn from the first paragraph?A. Whether immigrants are good or bad for the
22、economy has been puzzling economists.B. The American economy used to thrive on immigration but now its a different story.C. The consensus among economists is that immigration should not be encouraged.D. The general public thinks differently from most economists on the impact of immigration.（分数：2.00）
23、A.B.C.D.(2).In what way does the author think ordinary Americans benefit from immigration?A. They can access all kinds of public services.B. They can get consumer goods at lower prices.C. They can mix with people of different cultures.D. They can avoid doing much of the manual labor.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D
24、.(3).Why do native low-skilled workers suffer most from illegal immigration?A. They have greater difficulty getting welfare support.B. They are more likely to encounter interracial conflicts.C. They have a harder time getting a job with decent pay.D. They are no match for illegal immigrants in labor
25、 skills.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What is the chief concern of native high-skilled, better-educated employees about the inflow of immigrants?A. It may change the existing social structure.B. It may pose a threat to their economic status.C. It may lead to social instability in the country.D. It may place
26、a great strain on the state budget.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What is the irony about the debate over immigration?A. Even economists cant reach a consensus about its impact.B. Those who are opposed to it turn out to benefit most from it.C. People are making too big a fuss about something of small impact.D
27、. There is no essential difference between seemingly opposite opinions.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right ou
28、t and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company“. Broadcasting his ambition was “very much my decision.“ McGee says. Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.McGee says
29、leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations. And McGee isnt alone. In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they w
30、ere looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure, executives who dont get the nod also may wish to move on. A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.As the first sig
31、ns of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter, CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound fo
32、r aspiring leaders.The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey: “I cant think of
33、a single search Ive done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.“Those who jumped without a job havent always landed in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age, saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tin
34、y Internet- based commodities exchange. Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial institution three years later.Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has made it more acceptabl
35、e to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. “The traditional rule was its safer to stay where you are, but thats been fundamentally inverted,“ says one headhunter, “The people whove been hurt the worst are those whove stayed too long./（分数：10.00）(1).When McGee announced his departure, his manner can
36、best be described as being _.A. arrogant B. frankC. self-centered D. impulsive（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to Paragraph 2, senior executives quitting may be spurred by _.A. their expectation of better financial status B. their need to reflect on their private lifeC. their strained relations with t
37、he boards D. their pursuit of new career goals（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The word “poached“ (Line 3, Para 4) most probably means _.A. approved of B. attended toC. hunted for D. guarded against（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).It can be inferred from the last paragraph that _.A. top performers used to cling to their po
38、stsB. loyalty of top performers is getting out- datedC. top performers care more about reputationsD. its safer to stick to the traditional rules（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following is the best title for the text?A. CEOs: Where to Go B. CEOs: All the Way Up?C. Top Managers Jump without a Net D
39、. The Only Way Out for Top Performers（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditional “paid“ media-such as television commercials and print advertisements-still play a major role, companies today can
40、 exploit many alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate about a product may create “ earned media“ by willingly promoting it to friends, and company may leverage “owned“ media by sending E-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site. In fact, the way consume
41、rs now approach the process of making purchase decisions means that marketings impact stems from a broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. For earned media, such marketers act as the initiator for users resp
42、onses. But in some cases, one marketers owned media become another marketers paid media-for instance, when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site. We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines wit
43、hin that environment. This trend , which we believe is still in its infancy, effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. Johnson the Inca city of Machu Picchu high in the Andes Mountains of Peru; and the mysterious, massive stone po
44、rtrait heads of remote Easter Island in the Pacific.Archaeological study covers an extremely long span of time and a great variety of subjects. The earliest subjects of archaeological study date from the origins of humanity. These include fossil remains believed to be of human ancestors who lived 3.
45、5 million to 4.5 million years ago. The earliest archaeological sites include those at Hadar, Ethiopia; Laetoli, Tanzania; East Turkana, Kenya; and elsewhere in East Africa. These sites contain evidence of the first appearance of bipedal (upright- walking, apelike early humans). (41) The first physi
46、cally modern humans, Homo sapiens, appeared in tropical Africa between 200,000 and 150,000 years ago- dates determined by molecular biologists and archaeologists working together. Dozens of archaeological sites throughout Asia and Europe show how people migrated from Africa and settled in these two
47、continents during the last Ice Age (100,000 to 15,000 years ago). (42) Archaeologists have documented that the development of agriculture took place about 10,000 years ago. Early domesticationthe planting and harvesting of plants and the breeding and herding of animals is evident in such places as t
48、he ancient settlement of Jericho in Jordan and in Tehuacn Valley in Mexico. Archaeology plays a major role in the study of early civilizations, such as those of the Sumerians of Mesopotamia, who built the city of Ur, and the ancient Egyptians, who are famous for the pyramids near the city of Giza an
49、d the royal sepulchres (tombs) of the Valley of the Kings at Thebes. (43) Archaeological research spans the entire development of phenomena that are unique to humans. For instance, archaeology tells the story of when people learned to bury their dead and developed beliefs in an afterlife. Sites containing signs of the first simple but purposeful burials in graves date to as early as 40,000 years ago in Europe and Southwest Asia. By the time people lived in civilizations, burials and funeral ceremonies had become extremely important and
