1、MBA 联考-英语(二)-9 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)“In every known human society, the male“s need for achievement can be recognized. In a great number of human societies men“s sureness of their sex role is tied up with their right, or ability, to practice some activity th
2、at women are not allowed to practice. Their maleness in fact has to be underwritten by preventing women from entering some field or performing some feat.“ This is the conclusion of the anthropologist Margaret Mead about the way in which the roles of men and women in society should be distinguished.
3、If talk and print are considered it would seem that the formal emancipation of women is far from complete. There is a flow of publications about the continuing domestic bondage of women and about the complicated system of defenses which men have thrown up around their hitherto accepted advantages, t
4、aking sometimes the obvious form of exclusion from types of occupation and sociable groupings, and sometimes the more subtle form of automatic doubt of the seriousness of women“s pretensions to the level of intellect and resolution that men, it is supposed, bring to the business of running the world
5、. There are a good many objective pieces of evidence for the erosion of men“s status. In the first place, there is the widespread postwar phenomenon of the woman Prime Minister, in India, Sri Lanka and Israel. Secondly, there is the very large increase in the number of women who are working, especia
6、lly married women and mothers of children. More diffusely there are the increasingly numerous convergences between male and female behaviors: the approximation to identical styles in dress and coiffure, the sharing of domestic tasks, and the admission of women to all sorts of hitherto exclusively ma
7、le leisure-time activities. Everyone carries round with him a fairly definite idea of the primitive or natural conditions of human life. It is acquired more by the study of humorous cartoons than of archaeology, but that does not matter since it is not significant as theory but only as an expression
8、 of inwardly felt expectations of people“s sense of what is fundamentally proper in the differentiation between the roles of the two sexes. In this rudimentary natural society men go out to hunt and fish and to fight off the tribe next door while women keep the fire going. Amorous initiative is firm
9、ly reserved to the man, who sets about courtship with a club.（分数：12.50）(1).The phrase “men“s sureness of their sex role“ in the first paragraph suggests that they _.（分数：2.50）A.are confident in their ability to charm womenB.take the initiative in courtshipC.have a clear idea of what is considered “ma
10、nly“D.tend to be more immoral than women are(2).The third paragraph does NOT claim that men _.（分数：2.50）A.prevent women from taking up certain professionsB.secretly admires women“s intellect and resolutionC.doubt whether women really mean to succeed in businessD.forbids women to join certain clubs an
11、d societies(3).At the end of the last paragraph the author uses humorous exaggeration in order to _.（分数：2.50）A.show that men are stronger than womenB.carry further the ideas of the earliest paragraphsC.support the first sentence of the same paragraphD.disown the ideas he is expressing(4).The usual i
12、dea of the cave man in the last paragraph _.（分数：2.50）A.is based on the study of archaeologyB.illustrates how people expect men to behaveC.is dismissed by the author as an irrelevant jokeD.proves that the man, not woman, should be the wooer(5).The opening quotation from Margaret Mead sums up a relati
13、onship between man and woman which the author _.（分数：2.50）A.approves ofB.argues is naturalC.completely rejectsD.expects to go on changingA wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing. So, as a police officer, I have some urgent things to say
14、to good people. Day after day my men and I struggle to hold back a tidal wave of crime. Something has gone terribly wrong with our once-proud American way of life. It has happened in the area of values. A key ingredient is disappearing, and I think I know what it is. accountability. Accountability i
15、sn“t hard to define. It means that every person is responsible for his or her actions and liable for their consequences. Of the many values that hold civilization togetherhonesty, kindness, and so onaccountability may be the most important of all. Without it, there can be no respect, no trust, no la
16、wand, ultimately, no society. My job as a police officer is to impose accountability on people who refuse, or have never learned, to impose it on themselves. But as every policeman knows, external controls on people“s behavior are far less effective than internal restraints such as guilt, shame and
17、embarrassment. Fortunately there are still communitiessmaller towns, usuallywhere schools maintain discipline and where parents hold up standards that proclaim: “In this family certain things are not toleratedthey simply are not done!“ Yet more and more, especially in our larger cities and suburbs,
18、these inner restraints are loosening. Your typical robber has none. He considers your property his property; he takes what he wants, including your life if you enrage him. The main cause of this break-down is a radical shift in attitudes. Thirty years ago, if a crime was committed, society was consi
19、dered the victim. Now, in a shocking reversal, it“s the criminal who is considered victimized, by his underprivileged upbringing, by the school that didn“t teach him to read, by the church that failed to reach him with moral guidance, by the parents who didn“t provide a stable home. I don“t believe
20、it. Many others in equally disadvantaged circumstances choose not to engage in criminal activities. If we free the criminal, even partly, from accountability, we become a society of endless excuses where no one accepts responsibility for anything. We in America desperately need more people who belie
21、ve that the person who commits a crime is the one responsible for it.（分数：17.50）(1).What the wise man said suggests that _.（分数：3.50）A.it“s unnecessary for good people to do anything in face of evilB.it“s certain that evil will prevail if good men do nothing about itC.it“s only natural for virtue to d
22、efeat evilD.it“s desirable for good men to keep away from evil(2).According to the author, if a person is found guilty of a crime, _.（分数：3.50）A.society is to be held responsibleB.modern civilization is impossible for itC.the criminal himself should bear the blameD.the standards of living should be i
23、mproved(3).Compared with those in small towns, people in large cities have _.（分数：3.50）A.less self-disciplineB.better sense of disciplineC.more mutual respectD.less effective government(4).According to the passage, which one is right?（分数：3.50）A.People in large cities tend to excuse criminals.B.People
24、 in small towns still stick to old discipline and standards.C.Today“s society lacks sympathy for people in difficulty.D.People in disadvantaged circumstances are engaged in criminal activities.(5).The key point of the passage is that _.（分数：3.50）A.stricter discipline should be maintained in schools a
25、nd familiesB.more good examples should be set for people to followC.more restrictions should be imposed on people“s behaviorD.more people should accept the value of accountabilityEvery year television stations receive hundreds of complaints about the loudness of advertisements. However, federal rule
26、s forbid the practice of making ads louder than the programming. In addition, television stations always operate at the highest sound level allowed for reasons of efficiency. According to one NBC executive, no difference exists in the peak sound level of ads and programming. Given this information w
27、hy do commercials sound so loud? The sensation of sound involves a variety of factors in addition to its speak level. Advertisers are skilful at creating the impression of loudness through their expert use of such factors. One major contributor to the perceived loudness of commercials is that much l
28、ess variation in sound level occurs during a commercial. In regular programming the intensity of sound varies over a large range. However, sound levels in commercials tend to stay at or near peak levels. Other “tricks of the trade“ are also used. Because low-frequency sounds can mask higher frequenc
29、y sounds, advertisers filter out any noises that may drown out the primary message. In addition, the human voice has more auditory (听觉的) impact in the middle frequency ranges. Advertisers electronically vary voice sounds so that they stay within such a frequency band. Another approach is to write th
30、e script so that lots of consonants are used, because people are more aware of consonants than vowel sounds. Finally, advertisers try to begin commercials with sounds that are highly different from those of the programming within which the commercial is buried. Because people become adapted to the t
31、ype of sounds coming from programming, a dramatic change in sound quality draws viewer“s attention. For example, notice how many commercials begin with a cheerful song of some type. The attention-getting property of commercials can be seen by observing one- to two-year-old children who happen to be
32、playing around a television set. They may totally ignore the programming. However, when a commercial comes on, their attention is immediately drawn to it because of its dramatic sound quality.（分数：17.50）(1).According to the passage, the maximum intensity of sound coming from commercials _.（分数：3.50）A.
33、does not exceed that of programsB.is greater than that of programsC.varies over a large range than that of programsD.is less than that of programs(2).Commercials create the sensation of loudness because _.（分数：3.50）A.TV stations always operate at the highest sound levelsB.their sound levels are kept
34、around peak levelsC.their sound levels are kept in the middle frequency rangesD.unlike regular programs their intensity of sound varies over a wide range.(3).What does the underlined phrase “filter out“ mean?（分数：3.50）A.get rid ofB.coverC.give awayD.convert(4).Many commercials begin with a cheerful s
35、ong of some kind because _.（分数：3.50）A.pop songs attract viewer attentionB.it can increase their loudnessC.advertisers want to make them sound different from regular programsD.advertisers want to merge music with commercials(5).One of the reasons why commercials are able to attract viewer attention i
36、s that _.（分数：3.50）A.the human voices in commercials have more auditory impactB.people like cheerful songs that change dramatically in sound qualityC.high-frequency sounds are used to mask sounds that drown out the primary messageD.they possess sound qualities that make the viewer feel that something
37、 unusual is happeningImagine a world in which there was suddenly no emotiona world in which human beings could feel no love or happiness, no terror or hate. Try to imagine the consequences of such a transformation. People might not be able to stay alive, knowing neither joy nor pleasure, neither anx
38、iety nor fear, they would be as likely to repeat acts that hurt them as acts that were beneficial. They could not learn, they could not benefit from experience because this emotionless world would lack rewards and punishments. Society would soon disappear: people would be as likely to harm one anoth
39、er as to provide help and support. Human relationships would not exist, in a world without friends or enemies, there could be no marriage, affection among companions, or bonds among members of groups. Society“s economic underpinnings (支柱) would be destroyed, since earning $10 million would be no mor
40、e pleasant than earning $10, there would be no incentive to work. In fact, there would be no incentives of any kind. For as we will see, incentives imply a capacity to enjoy them. In such a world, the chances that the human species would survive are next to zero, because emotions are the basic instr
41、ument of our survival and adaptation. Emotions structure the world for us in important ways. As individuals, we categorize objects on the basis of our emotions. True we consider the length, shape, size, or texture, but an object“s physical aspects are less important than what it has done or can do t
42、o ushurt us, surprise us, anger us or make us joyful. We also use categorizations colored by emotions in our families, communities, and overall society. Out of our emotional experiences with objects and events comes a social feeling of agreement that certain things and actions are “good“ and others
43、are “bad“, and we apply these categories to every aspect of our social lifefrom what foods we eat and what clothes we wear to how we keep promises and which people our group will accept. In fact, society exploits our emotional reactions and attitudes, such as loyalty, morality, pride, shame, guilt,
44、fear and greed, in order to maintain itself. It gives high rewards to individuals who perform important tasks such as surgery, makes heroes out of individuals for unusual or dangerous achievements, such as flying fighter planes in a war, and uses the legal penal (刑法的) system to make people afraid to
45、 engage in antisocial acts.（分数：17.50）(1).The reason why people might not be able to stay alive in a world without emotion is that _.（分数：3.50）A.they would not be able to tell the texture of objectsB.they would not know what was beneficial and what was harmful to themC.they would not be happy with a l
46、ife without loveD.they would do things that hurt each other“s feelings(2).According to the passage, people“s learning activities are possible because they _.（分数：3.50）A.believe that emotions are fundamental for them to stay aliveB.benefit from providing help and support to one anotherC.enjoy being re
47、warded for doing the right thingD.know what is vital to the progress of society(3).It can be inferred from the passage that the economic foundation of society is dependent on _.（分数：3.50）A.the ability to make moneyB.the will to work for pleasureC.the capacity to enjoy incentivesD.the categorizations
48、of our emotional experiences(4).Emotions are significant for man“s survival and adaptation because _.（分数：3.50）A.they provide the means by which people view the size or shape of objectsB.they are the basis for the social feeling of agreement by which society is maintainedC.they encourage people to pe
49、rform dangerous achievementsD.they generate more love than hate among people(5).The emotional aspects of an object are more important than its physical aspects in that they _.（分数：3.50）A.help society exploit its members for profitB.encourage us to perform important tasksC.help to perfect the legal and penal systemD.help us adapt our behavior to the world surrounding usFor centuries, explorers have risked their lives venturing into the unknown for reasons that were to varying degrees economic and n
