1、北京航空航天大学考博英语-5 及答案解析(总分：76.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Vocabula(总题数：10，分数：6.00)1.Most people dont think of a stamp as a receipt, but that is _ it really is a proof of just how much money you have paid in advance for mail delivery. A. what B. why C. how D. who（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.2.Except for Ucoarse/U earthen
2、-wares, which can be made from clay as it is found in the earth, pottery is made from special clays plus other materials mixed to achieve the desired results. A. conventional B. unique C. genuine D. crude（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.He was _ with the deadly disease when he was 14, and has suffered with it for
3、 10 years. A. induced B. inflicted C. inserted D. integrated（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.4.The day was breaking and people began to go to work so the murderer was unable to _ of the body. A. dispense B. dispose C. discard D. discharge（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.5.His writing depicts this changing world and the increasing
4、cultural Udiversity/U of the United States. A. conflict B. refinement C. variety D. movement（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.The nation _ the death of its great war leader. A. protruded B. lamented C. rebuked D. racked（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.7.Can you imagine! He offered me $ 5000 to break my contract. Thats _ . Of cour
5、se I didnt agree. I would take legal action. A. fraud B. blackmail C. bribery D. compensation（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.8.It was clear that the storm _ his arrival by two hours. A. retarded B. retrieved C. refrained D. retreated（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.9.After the concert, the clean-up crew found the ground _ with pa
6、pers, bottles and cans. A. scrubbed B. used C. littered D. dispersed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.10.The criticism from the public has _ this novel. A. eclipsed B. avenged C. baffled D. broadened（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、BPart Reading (总题数：4，分数：30.00)Unless we spend money to spot and prevent asteroids (小行星)now, one mig
7、ht crash into Earth and destroy life as we know it, say some scientists.Asteroids are bigger versions of the meteoroids (流星)that race across the night sky. Most orbit the sun far from Earth and dont threaten us. But there are also thousands whose orbits put them on a collision course with Earth.Buy
8、$ 40 million worth of new telescopes right now. Then spend $ 10 million a year for the next 25 years to locate most of the space rocks. By the time we spot a fatal one, the scientists say, well have a way to change its course.Some scientists favor pushing asteroids off course with nuclear weapons. B
9、ut the cost wouldnt be cheap.Is it worth it? Two things experts consider when judging any risk are : 1) How likely the event is ; and 2) How bad the consequences if the event occurs. Experts think an asteroid big enough to destroy lots of life might strike Earth once every 400, 000 years. Sounds pre
10、tty rare-but if one did fall, it would be the end of the world. “If we dont take care of these big asteroids, theyll take care of us,“ says one scientist. “Its that simple. “The cure, though, might be worse than the disease. Do we really want fleets of nuclear weapons sitting around on Earth? “The w
11、orld has less to fear from doomsday (毁灭性的) rocks than from a great nuclear fleet set against them,“ said a New York Times article.（分数：7.50）(1).What does the passage say about asteroids and meteoroids? A. They are heavenly bodies different in composition. B. They are heavenly bodies similar in nature
12、. C. There are more asteroids than meteoroids. D. Asteroids are more mysterious than meteoroids.（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(2).What do scientists say about the collision of an asteroid with Earth? A. It is very unlikely but the danger exists. B. Such a collision might occur once every 25 years. C. Collisions
13、of smaller asteroids with Earth occur more often than expected. D. Its still too early to say whether such a collision might occur.（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(3).What do people think of the suggestion of using nuclear weapons to alter the course of asteroids? A. It sounds practical but it may not solve the pr
14、oblem. B. It may create more problems than it might solve. C. It is a waste of money because a collision of asteroids with Earth is very unlikely. D. Further research should be done before it is proved applicable.（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(4).We can conclude from the passage that _. A. while pushing asteroid
15、s off course nuclear weapons would destroy the world B. asteroids racing across the night sky are likely to hit Earth in the near future C. the worry about asteroids can be left to future generations since it is unlikely to happen in our lifetime D. workable solutions still have to be found to preve
16、nt a collision of asteroids with Earth.（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following best describes the authors tone in this pass age? A. Optimistic. B. Critical. C. Objective. D. Arbitrary.（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.To understand the marketing concept, it is only necessary to understand the difference between
17、marketing and selling. Not too many years ago, most industries concentrated primarily on the efficient production of goods, and then relied on persuasive salesmanship“ to move as much of these goods as possible. Such production and selling focuses on the needs of the seller to produce goods and then
18、 convert them into money.Marketing, on the other hand, focuses on the wants of consumers. It begins with first analyzing the preferences and demands of consumers and then producing goods that will satisfy them. This eye-on-the-consumer approach is known as the marketing concept, which simply means t
19、hat instead of trying to sell whatever is easiest to produce or buy for resale, the makers and dealers first try to fred out what the consumer wants to buy and then go about making it according to consumer demand.This concept does not imply that consumer satisfaction is given priority over profit in
20、 a company. There are always two sides to every business activity-the fkrrn and the customer. Each must be satisfied before trade occurs. Successful merchants and producer and each must be satisfied before trade occurs. Successful merchants and producers, however, recognize that the surest route to
21、profit is through understanding customers. This concept has been recognized in such slogans as “Have It Your Way“ and “Youre the Boss“. A good example of the importance of satisfying the consumer presented itself in mid 1985, when Coca Cola changed the flavor of its drink. The non-acceptance of the
22、new flavor by a significant portion of the public brought about a prompt restoration of the Classic Coke, which was then marketed alongside the new. King customer ruled !（分数：7.50）(1).A good knowledge of the difference between marketing and selling leads to_ A. the efficient production of goods B. a
23、perfect command of salesmanship C. a basic command of the marketing concept D. the conversion of goods into money（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(2).Not too long ago, industries focused on_ A. producing and selling goods B. the needs and wants of customers C. the selling of new products D. moving goods to the mark
24、et（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(3).The very core of marketing lies in _ A. all understanding of consumer needs B. the efficient movement of goods C. developing new wants for consumer goods D. making goods readily available to customers（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A successful business deal can take place only when_ A.
25、the customer is satisfied at the expense of the company B. a company makes a big profit C. consumer satisfaction and company profit are given equal importance D. priority is given to the requirements of the customer（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(5).The last sentence of the passage suggests that _ A. the consumer
26、 should be allowed to do things his own way B. the consumer should be treated like a king C. the consumer should have the final say in the selling of any product D. the consumer should be advised on what to buy（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.There has been a lot of hand-wringing over the death of Elizabeth Steinbe
27、rg. Without blaming anyone in particular, neighbors, friends, social workers, the police and newspaper editors have struggled to define the communitys responsibility to Elizabeth and to other battered children. As the collective soul-searching continues, there is a pervading sense that the system fa
28、iled her.The fact is, in New York State the system couldnt have saved her. It is almost impossible to protect a child from violent parents, especially if they are white, middle-class, well-educated and represented by counsel.Why does the state permit violence against Children? There are a number of
29、reasons. First, parental privilege is a rationalization. In the past, the law was giving its approval to the biblical injunction against sparing the rod. Second, while everyone agrees that the state must act to remove children from their homes when there is danger of serious physical or emotional ha
30、rm, many child advocates believe that state intervention in the absence of serious injury is more harmful than helpful. Third, courts and legislatures tread carefully when their actions intrude or threaten to intrude on a relationship protected by the Constitution. In 1923, the Supreme Court recogni
31、zed the “liberty of parent and guardian to direct the upbringing and education of children under their control“. More recently, in 1977, it upheld the teachers privilege to use corporal punishment against schoolchildren. Read together, these decisions give the constitutional imprimatur to parental u
32、se of physical force.Under the best conditions, small children depend utterly on their parents for survival. Under the worst, their dependency dooms them. While it is questionable whether anyone or anything could have saved Elizabeth Steinberg, it is plain that the law provided no protection.To the
33、contrary, by justifying the use of physical force against children as an acceptable method of education and control, the law lent a measure of plausibility and legitimacy to her parents conduct.More than 80 years ago, in the teeth of parental resistance and Supreme Court doctrine, the New York State
34、 Legislature acted to eliminate child labor law. Now, the state must act to eliminate child abuse by banning corporal punishment. To break the vicious cycle of violence, nothing less will answer. If there is a lesson to be drawn from the death of Elizabeth Steinberg, it is this: spare the rod and sp
35、are the child.（分数：7.50）(1).The New York State law seems to provide least protection of a child from violent parents of_ A. a family on welfare B. a poor uneducated family C. an educated black family D. a middle-class white family（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(2).“Sparing the rod“ means_ A. spoiling children B. p
36、unishing children C. not caring about children D. not beating children（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(3).Corporal punishment against schoolchildren is _ A. taken as illegal in the New York State B. considered being in the teachers province C. officially approved by law D. disapproved by school teachers（分数：1.50）A.
37、B.C.D.(4).From the article we can infer that Elizabeth Steinberg is probably the victim of A. teachers corporal punishment B. misjudgment of the court C. parents ill-treatment D. street violence（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(5).The writer of this article thinks that banning corporal punishment will in the long r
38、un A. prevent violence of adults B. save more children C. protect children from ill-treatment D. better the system（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.The biosphere is the name biologists give to the sort of skin on the surface of this planet that is inhabitable by living organisms. Most land creatures occupy only the
39、interface between the atmosphere and the land; birds extend their range for a few hundred feet into the atmosphere; burrowing invertebrates (无脊椎动物) such as earthworms may reach a few yards into the soil but rarely penetrate farther unless, it has been recently disturbed by men. Fish cover a wider ra
40、nge, from just beneath the surface of the sea to those depths of greater than a mile inhabited by specialized creatures. Fungi (真菌) and bacteria are plentiful in the atmosphere to a height of about half a mile, blown there by winds from the lower air. Balloon exploration of the stratosphere (同温 层) a
41、s long ago as 1936 indicated that moulds and bacteria could be found at heights of several miles, recently the USAs National Aeronautics and Space Administration has detected them, in decreasing numbers, at heights up to eighteen miles. They are pretty sparse at such levels, about one for every two
42、thousand cubic feet, compared with 50 to 100 per cubic foot at two to six miles (the usual altitude of jet aircraft), and they are almost certainly in an inactive state. Marine bacteria have been detected at the bottom of the deep Pacific trench, sometimes as deep as seven miles; they are certainly
43、not inactive. Living microbes have also been obtained on land from cores of rock drilled (while prospecting for oil) at depths of as much as 1,200 feet. Thus we can say, disregarding the exploits of astronauts, that the biosphere has a maximum thickness of about twenty-five miles. Active living proc
44、esses occur only within a compass of about seven miles, in the sea, on land and in the lower atmosphere, but the majority of living creatures live within a zone of a hundred feet or so. If this planet were sealed down to the size of an orange, the biosphere, at its extreme width, would occupy the th
45、ickness of the orange-colored skin, excluding the pith.In this tiny zone of our planet takes place the multitude of chemical and biological activities that we call life. The way in which living creatures interact with each other, depend on each other or compete with each other, has fascinated thinke
46、rs since the beginning of recorded history. Living things exist in a fine balance which is often taken for granted, from a practical point of view, things could not be otherwise. Yet it is a source of continual amazement to scientists because of its intricacy and delicacy. The balance of nature is o
47、bvious most often when it is disturbed. Yet even here it can seem remarkable how quickly it readjusts itself to a new balance after a disturbance. The science of ecology-the study of the interaction of organisms with their environment-has grown up to deal with the minutiae of the balance of nature.（
48、分数：7.50）(1).According to the passage, the “biosphere“ is the layer on the earths surface_ A. where the atmosphere meets the sea B. in which birds, fish and animals would die C. in which plant and animal life can exist D. in which earthworms and other invertebrates can live（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(2).The writer states that fungi and bacteria_ A. are only found below the normal altitude ofjet planes B. have been found well at the normal altitude of jet planes C. are not found below the surface of the earth D. are mainly found below the su
