1、吉林大学考博英语 2011 年真题及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Vocabulary(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part A(总题数：10，分数：5.00)1.The government allocated a special sum of money in order to reinforce the prosecution of the effective policy.（分数：0.50）A.practiceB.proceedingC.useD.implementation2.The patient“s unusual symptoms
2、confounded even the most experienced doctor of the hospital.（分数：0.50）A.confusedB.hitC.stimulatedD.confronted3.Forests are delicate systems that if disturbed can be permanently destroyed.（分数：0.50）A.expansiveB.complexC.unusualD.fragile4.The Charter had been ratified by a majority of the participants w
3、ho were the ones that asked for its draft.（分数：0.50）A.challengedB.approvedC.distributedD.attacked5.As the guests entered, the elderly hostess welcomed them with cordiality .（分数：0.50）A.refreshmentsB.sincerityC.happinessD.enthusiasm6.He spends a lot of time going through football magazines, making intr
4、icate lists, and working out comprehensive statistics.（分数：0.50）A.detailedB.misleadingC.complicatedD.ambiguous7.You don“t have to be afraid of being eaten there in New Zealand because it has few predatory creatures.（分数：0.50）A.wildB.preyingC.nativeD.poisonous8.Probably there is a good reason for her a
5、bsence, as she doesn“t usually stay away from work.（分数：0.50）A.ConspicuouslyB.ProspectivelyC.IncidentallyD.Presumably9.You are not supposed to take advantage of such a little girl by making her work for 50 cents an hour.（分数：0.50）A.exploitB.exportC.exposeD.exchange10.Students of the Berry School for M
6、ountain Children helped pay for their education by doing part-time labor that pertained to their particular course of study.（分数：0.50）A.result inB.began withC.paid forD.was related to三、Part B(总题数：20，分数：10.00)11.Even though formidable winters are the norm in the Dakotas, many people were unprepared fo
7、r the _ of the blizzard of 1888.（分数：0.50）A.inevitabilityB.ferocityC.importanceD.probability12.While nurturing parents can compensate for adversity, cold or inconsistent parents may _ it.（分数：0.50）A.exacerbateB.neutralizeC.eradicateD.relieve13.In certain forms of writing, the central point of a messag
8、e can be effectively communicated even though this point is not _.（分数：0.50）A.preferredB.explicitC.inferableD.discerned14.When the plane was hit by the enemy“s bomb it made a _ dive and plunged into the ocean.（分数：0.50）A.vigorousB.verticalC.visualD.virtual15.The final document was of course, supposed
9、to mend the damage _ upon the world by the war.（分数：0.50）A.imposedB.impressedC.compelledD.compressed16.The magician picked several persons _ from the audience and asked them to help him with the performance.（分数：0.50）A.by accidentB.on occasionC.at randomD.on average17.I left for the office earlier tha
10、n usual this morning _ traffic jam.（分数：0.50）A.in line withB.for the sake ofC.in case ofD.at the risk of18.Because it is too hot in that storehouse, the _ of those fruits seems to be inevitable.（分数：0.50）A.deteriorationB.detractionC.detrimentD.detention19.A report submitted to the People“s Congress in
11、 this year _ recommended a concerted national effort to crackdown corruption and bureaucracy.（分数：0.50）A.officiallyB.emphaticallyC.respectfullyD.delightedly20.The murder charge against Beckwith has been _ for lack of evidence.（分数：0.50）A.discardedB.refusedC.eliminatedD.dismissed21.The people who objec
12、ted to the new road were told that since work had already started there was no point in _.（分数：0.50）A.contradictingB.protestingC.provokingD.refusing22.The reception was attended by various _ members of the local community and representatives of regional industries.（分数：0.50）A.notoriousB.peculiarC.prom
13、inentD.profound23.The company directors asked the government to _ in the dispute and prevent a strike.（分数：0.50）A.interveneB.interactC.interceptD.interrupt24.Executives of the company enjoyed an _ lifestyle of free gifts, fine wines and high salaries.（分数：0.50）A.exquisiteB.extravagantC.exoticD.eccentr
14、ic25.One of the examination questions _ me completely and I couldn“t answer it.（分数：0.50）A.baffledB.mingledC.provokedD.diverted26.At first everything went well with the project but recently we have had a number of _ with the machinery.（分数：0.50）A.disturbancesB.setbacksC.outputsD.distortions27.The gove
15、rnment cannot take private property for public use without _.（分数：0.50）A.premiumB.repaymentC.refundD.compensation28.When college students _ future employment, they often think of status, income and prestige.（分数：0.50）A.anticipateB.applyC.demandD.assume29.The consumers demand not only that the products
16、 conform to these standards but also that the environment and production conditions of manufacture _ standard requirements.（分数：0.50）A.comply withB.compare withC.discord withD.parallel with30.Astronauts are _ all kinds of tests before they are actually sent up in a space craft.（分数：0.50）A.inclined toB
17、bound toC.prone toD.subjected to四、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)To manager hoping to blossom as a business leader must develop the skill to communicate effectively. One of the foremost tasks of a leader is to create 1 to a cause. To do that he must first communicate to build mutual understandin
18、g. 2 a manager communicates mostly to 3 information, a leader uses communications to build relationships. A manager overwhelms others with details and still 4 them cold. A leader 5 their hearts by combining his vision with their 6 in a common cause. Most Asian business leaders are instinctively 7 re
19、lationship building 8 direct communications. But they don“t use the mass media so well. While face to face communications is 9 , it is not enough in today“s big business. 10 their western 11 , they are not so much frightened by mass media“s potential to magnify, distort, and expose. The problem lies
20、 more in the 12 of professional support 13 to them. In most Asian companies the public affairs function either does not exist or is 14 routine chores removed from helping the CEO to communicate with wider audiences. The reason primarily is that the 15 communications officers are placed quite low in
21、the organizational hierarchy. Asia“s need for business leaders who are 16 in using mass media to involve the public 17 the economic development dream has never been greaten. Television and the print media have an enormous 18 on the public“s perception of business. Our business leaders have not yet f
22、aced an unsympathetic press. They should start now 19 the day not be too far away 20 they are suddenly forced to enter the perilous arena of public communications.（分数：10.00）A.dedicationB.responsibilityC.commitmentD.commissionA.SinceB.WhenC.BecauseD.WhileA.transportB.carryC.conveyD.expressA.leavesB.k
23、eepsC.makesD.rendersA.movesB.touchesC.stimulatesD.losesA.aspirationsB.inspirationsC.perspirationD.persuasionA.good atB.poor inC.excel inD.indifferent toA.throughoutB.throughC.therebyD.duringA.vitalB.utmostC.ultimateD.chiefA.UnlikeB.LikeC.AsD.WithA.colleaguesB.cooperatorsC.coordinatorsD.counterpartsA
24、abundanceB.wantC.needD.lackA.availableB.accessibleC.disposableD.transferableA.resignedB.assignedC.awardedD.distributedA.cooperationB.corporateC.incorporateD.commercialA.competitiveB.competitorsC.competingD.competentA.inB.intoC.withD.withinA.affectB.impactC.impetusD.impulseA.now thatB.unlessC.though
25、D.asA.wheneverB.whicheverC.whenD.whatever五、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The relationship between the home and market economies has gone through two distinct stages. Early industrialization began the process of transferring some production processes (e. g. clothmaking
26、 sewing and canning foods) from the home to the marketplace. Although the home economy could still produce these goods, the processes were laborious and the market economy was usually more efficient. Soon, the more important second stage was evidentthe marketplace began producing goods and services
27、 that had never been produced by the home economy, and the home economy was unable to produce them (e.g. electricity and electrical appliances, the automobile, advanced education, sophisticated medical care). In the second stage, the question of whether the home economy was less efficient in produci
28、ng these new goods and services was irrelevant; if the family were to enjoy these fruits of industrialization, they would have to be obtained in the marketplace. The traditional ways of taking care of these needs in the home, such as in nursing the sick, became socially unacceptable (and, in most se
29、rious cases, probably less successful). Just as the appearance of the automobile made the use of the horse-drawn carriage illegal and then impractical, and the appearance of television changed the radio from a source of entertainment to a source of background music, so most of the fruits of economic
30、 growth did not increase the options available to the home economy to either produce the goods or services or purchase them in the market. Growth brought with it increased variety in consumer goods, but not increased flexibility for the home economy in obtaining these goods and services. Instead, ec
31、onomic growth brought with it increased consumer reliance on the marketplace. In order to consume these new goods and services, the family had to enter the marketplace as wage earners and consumers. The neoclassical model that views the family as deciding whether to produce goods and services direct
32、ly or to purchase them in the marketplace is basically a model of the first stage. It cannot accurately be applied to the second (and current) stage.（分数：10.00）(1).The reason why many production processes were taken over by the marketplace was that _.（分数：2.00）A.it was a necessary step in the process
33、of industrializationB.they depended on electricity available only to the market economyC.it was troublesome to produce such goods in the homeD.the marketplace was more efficient with respect to these processes(2).It can be seen from the passage that in the second stage _.（分数：2.00）A.some traditional
34、goods and services were not successful when provided by the home economyB.the market economy provided new goods and services never produced by the home economyC.producing traditional goods at home became socially unacceptableD.whether new goods and services were produced by the home economy became i
35、rrelevant(3).During the second stage, if the family wanted to consume new goods and services, they had to enter the market place _.（分数：2.00）A.as customersB.as wage earnersC.both as manufacturers and consumersD.both as workers and purchasers(4).Economic growth did not make it more flexible for the ho
36、me economy to obtain the new goods and services because _.（分数：2.00）A.the family was not efficient in productionB.it was illegal for the home economy to produce themC.it could not supply them by itselfD.the market for these goods and services was limited(5).The neoclassical model is basically a model
37、 of the first stage, because at this stage _.（分数：2.00）A.the family could rely either on the home economy on the marketplace for the needed goods and servicesB.many production processes were being transferred to the marketplaceC.consumers relied more and more on the market economyD.the family could d
38、ecide how to transfer production processes to the marketplace七、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：10.00)As we have seen, the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from curing disease to preventing diseaseespecially in terms of changing our many unhealthy behaviors, such as poor eating habits, smo
39、king, and failure to exercise. The line of thought involved in this shift can be pursued further. Imagine a person who is about the fight weight, but does not ear very nutritious goods, who feels OK but exercises only occasionally. This person is not ill. She/He may not even be at risk for any parti
40、cular disease. But we can imagine that this person could be a lot healthier. The field of medicine has not traditionally distinguished between someone who is merely “not ill“ and someone who is in excellent health and pays attention to the body“s special needs. Both types have simply been called “we
41、ll“. In recent years, however, some health specialists have begun to apply the terms “well“ and “wellness“ only to those who are actively striving to maintain and improve their health. People who are well are concerned with nutrition and exercise, and they make a point of monitoring their body“s con
42、dition. Most important, perhaps, people who are well take active responsibility for all matters related to their health. Even people who have a physical disease or handicap may be “well“ in this new sense, if they make an effort to maintain the best possible health they can in the face of their phys
43、ical limitations. “Wellness“ may perhaps best be viewed not as a state that people can achieve, but as an ideal that people can strive for. People who are well are likely to be better able to resist disease and to fight disease when it strikes. And by focusing attention on healthy ways of living, th
44、e concept of wellness can have a beneficial impact on the ways in which people face the challenges of daily life.（分数：10.00）(1).Today medical care is placing more stress on _.（分数：2.00）A.removing people“s bad living habitsB.monitoring patients“ body functionsC.ensuring people“s psychological well-bein
45、gD.keeping people in a healthy physical condition(2).Traditionally, a person is considered “well“ if she/he _.（分数：2.00）A.does not have any unhealthy living habitsB.does not have any physical handicapsC.is able to handle his daily routinesD.is free from any kind of disease(3).According to the author,
46、 the true meaning of “wellness“ is for people to _.（分数：2.00）A.beat satisfy their body“s special needsB.strive to maintain the best possible healthC.meet the strictest standards of bodily healthD.keep a proper balance between work and leisure(4).Which of the following groups of people would be consid
47、ered healthy?（分数：2.00）A.People who have strong muscles well as slim figuresB.People who are not presently experiencing any symptoms of diseaseC.People who try to be as healthy as possible, regardless of their limitationsD.People who can recover from illness even without seeking medical care(5).Peopl
48、e who are well are likely to be better able to _.（分数：2.00）A.earn more moneyB.resist any light diseaseC.influence other people“s lifeD.challenge the concept of wellness八、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Chemistry did not emerge as: science until after the scientific revolution in 17th century and then on
49、ly rather slowly and laboriously. But chemical knowledge is as old as history, being almost entirely concerned with the practical arts of living. Cooking is essentially a chemical process; so is the melting of metals and the administration of drugs and potions. This basic chemical knowledge, which was applied in most cases as a rule of thumb, was nevertheless dependent on previous experiment. It also served to stimulate a fundamental curiosity
