1、湖北大学考博英语-3 及答案解析(总分：69.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：10，分数：5.00)1.It“s difficult for my father to _ without a cane.（分数：0.50）A.talk backB.sit inC.stand outD.get round2.Recorded _ of today“s big football game will be shown after the news.（分数：0.50）A.summitsB.peaksC.heightsD.highlights3.We have to
2、 _ our hope of reaching the production target this year.（分数：0.50）A.releaseB.retractC.resignD.abandon4.It is impossible to _ whether she“ll be well enough to come home from the hospital next month.（分数：0.50）A.foreseeB.inferC.fabricateD.inhibit5.The conditions can be well imagined when one small settle
3、ment is expected to _ 10,000 families.（分数：0.50）A.populateB.dwellC.houseD.reside6.Amy was elected chairman of the committee by a _ vote.（分数：0.50）A.ambiguousB.synonymousC.simultaneousD.unanimous7.The computer can _ stored information in a matter of minutes.（分数：0.50）A.reassureB.releaseC.retrieveD.reviv
4、e8.They are always ready to _ heavy responsibilities.（分数：0.50）A.take inB.take onC.put onD.put in9.Regular use of this moistening cream will help to _ the rough, dry condition of your skin.（分数：0.50）A.alleviateB.abstractC.evaporateD.abbreviate10.He reminded me of what I should _ have forgotten.（分数：0.5
5、0）A.moreoverB.otherwiseC.neverthelessD.notwithstanding二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：5，分数：39.00)Education is one of the key words of our time. A man, without an education, many of us believe, is an unfortunate victim of adverse circumstances deprived of one of the greatest twentieth-century opportunities.
6、 Convinced of the importance of education, modern states “invest“ in institutions of learning to get back “interest“ in the form of a large group of enlightened young men and women who are potential leaders. Education, with its cycles of instruction so carefully worked out, is punctuated by textbook
7、s-those purchasable wells of wisdom-what would civilization be like without its benefits? So much is certain: that we would have doctors and preachers, lawyers and defendants, marriages and births; but our spiritual outlook would be different. We would lay less stress on “facts and figures“ and more
8、 on a good memory, on applied psychology, and on the capacity of a man to get along with his fellow citizens. If our educational system were fashioned after its bookless past we would have the most democratic form of “college“ imaginable. Among the people whom we like to call savages all knowledge i
9、nherited by tradition is shared by all; it is taught to every member of the tribe so that in this respect everybody is equally equipped for life. It is the ideal condition of the “equal start“ which only our most progressive forms of modem education try to regain. In primitive cultures the obligatio
10、n to seek and to receive the traditional instruction is binding to all. There are no “illiterates“-if the term can be applied to people without a script-while our own compulsory school attendance became law in Germany in 1642, in France in 1806, and in England 1876, and is still non-existent in a nu
11、mber of “civilized“ nations. This shows how long it was before we deemed it necessary to make sure that “all our children could share in the knowledge accumulated by the “happy few“ during the past centuries. Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means. All are entitled to an equal
12、 start. There is none of the hurry which, in our society, often hampers the full development of a growing personality. There, a child grows up under the ever-present attention of his parents, therefore the jungles and the grasslands know of no “juvenile delinquency“. No necessity of making a living
13、away from home results in neglect of children and no father is confronted with his inability to “buy“ an education for his child.（分数：7.50）(1).The word “interest“ in the first paragraph most probably means _.（分数：1.50）A.pleasureB.returnsC.shareD.knowledge(2).According to the passage, the author seems
14、to be _.（分数：1.50）A.against the education in the very early historic timesB.in favor of the educational practice in primitive culturesC.quite happy to see an equal start for everyoneD.positive about our present educational instruction(3).It can be inferred from the passage that _.（分数：1.50）A.the aim o
15、f “equal start“ has already been reached among savagesB.savages in ancient times are more civilized than modern peopleC.the modem education system is more democratic than beforeD.there are no illiterates in civilized nations in today“s society(4).According to the passage, which of the following stat
16、ements is true?（分数：1.50）A.Education can“t work without the benefits of textbooksB.We have not yet decided on our educational modelsC.Compulsory schooling is not existent in all nationsD.Our spiritual outlook is better now than before(5).The best title for this passage is _.（分数：1.50）A.Education and M
17、odern CivilizationB.The Significance of Modern EducationC.Educational Investment and the Profit It BringsD.Education: A Comparison between Past and PresentWall Street in a conceptual sense represents financial and economic power. To Americans, it can sometimes represent elitism and power politics, a
18、nd its role has been a source of controversy throughout the nation“s history, particularly beginning around the Gilded Age period in the late 19th century. Wall Street became the symbol of a country and economic system that many Americans saw as having developed through trade, capitalism, and innova
19、tion. Wall Street has become synonymous with financial interests, often used negatively. During the mortgage mess from 20072010, Wall Street financing was blamed as one of the causes, although most commentators blame an interplay of factors. The U. S. government with the Troubled Asset Relief Progra
20、m bailed out the banks and financial backers with billions of taxpayer dollars, but the bailout was often criticized as politically motivated, and was criticized by journalists as well as the public. One writer in the Huffington Post looked at FBI statistics on robbery, fraud, and crime and conclude
21、d that Wall Street was the “most dangerous neighborhood in the United States“ if one factored in the $ 50 billion fraud perpetrated by Bernie Madoff. Many complained that the resulting Sarbanes-Oxley legislation dampened the business climate. Interest groups seeking favor with Washington lawmakers,
22、such as car dealers, have often sought to portray their interests as allied with Main Street rather than Wall Street. When the United States Treasury bailed out large financial firms, to ostensibly halt a downward spiral in the nation“s economy, there was tremendous negative political fallout, parti
23、cularly when reports came out that monies supposed to be used to ease credit restrictions were being used to pay bonuses to highly-paid employees. Analyst William Cohan argued that it was “obscene(肮脏的)“ how Wall Street reaped “massive profits and bonuses in 2009“ after being saved by “trillions of d
24、ollars of American taxpayers“ treasure“ despite Wall Street“s “greed and irresponsible risk-taking“. Washington Post reporter Suzanne McGee called for Wall Street to make a sort of public apology to the nation, and expressed dismay that people such as Goldman Sachs chief executive Lloyd Blankfein ha
25、dn“t expressed contrition (侮悟) despite being sued by the SEC(Securities and Exchange Commission)in 2009. McGee wrote that “Bankers aren“t the sole culprits, but their denials of responsibility and the occasional vague and waffling expression of regret don“t go far enough to deflect anger“. But chief
26、 banking analyst at Goldman Sachs, Richard Ramsden, is “unapologetic“ and sees “banks as the dynamos(发电机)that power the rest of the economy“. Ramsden believes “risk-taking is vital“. Others in the financial industry believe they“ve been unfairly criticized by the public and by politicians. Images of
27、 Wall Street and its figures have loomed large. The 1987 Oliver Stone film Wall Street created the iconic figure of Gordon Gekko who used the phrase “greed is good“, which had an unexpected cultural influence, not causing them to turn away from corporate greed, but causing many young people to choos
28、e Wall Street careers.（分数：8.00）(1).All of the following statements are true EXCEPT _.（分数：2.00）A.Wall Street has aroused considerable public interestB.the bailout program plays a negative role in American politicsC.Wall Street is the only offender behind the global economic crisisD.the part Wall Stre
29、et has played in the American economy is under attack(2).It can be inferred from the passage that the real root of the financial crisis is _.（分数：2.00）A.US government“s existing legislation on business climateB.US government“s politically-motivated bailout planC.Wall Street“s favorable treatment to i
30、nterest groupsD.Wall Street“s lack of responsibility and humanity(3).In the film Wall Street, Gordon Gekko could best be described as a(n) _.（分数：2.00）A.idiotB.idolC.idealistD.gossip(4).Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Physical Layout of Wall StreetB.Wall Stre
31、et in the Public“s EyesC.Influences of the Film Wall StreetD.Wall Street as a Financial CenterDespite the general negative findings, it is important to remember that all children who live through a divorce do not behave in the same way. The specific behavior depends on the child“s individual persona
32、lity, characteristics, age at the time of divorce, and gender. In terms of personality, when compared to those rated as relaxed and easy-going, children described as temperamental and irritable have more difficulty coping with parental divorce, as indeed they have more difficulty adapting to life ch
33、ange in general. Stress, such as that found in disrupted families, seems to impair the ability of temperamental children to adapt to their surroundings, the greater the amount of stress, the less well they adapt. In contrast, a moderate amount of stress may actually help an easy-going, relaxed child
34、 learn to cope with adversity. There is some relationship between age and children“s charateristic reaction to divorce. As the child grows older, the greater is the likelihood of a free expression of a variety of complex feelings, an understanding of those feelings, and a realization that the decisi
35、on to divorce cannot be distributed to any one simple cause. Self-blame virtually disappears after the age of 6, fear of abandonment diminishes after the age of 8. and the confusion and fear of the young child is replaced in the older child by shame, anger, and self-reflection. Gender of the child i
36、s also a factor that predicts the nature of reaction to divorce. The impact of divorce is initially greater on boys than on girls. They are more aggressive, less compliant, have greater difficulties in interpersonal relationships, and exhibit problem behaviors both at home and at school. Furthermore
37、, the adjustment problems of boys are still noticeable even two years after the divorce. Girls“ adjustment problems are usually internalized rather than acted out, and are often resolved by the second year after the divorce. However, new problems may surface for girls as they enter adolescence and a
38、dulthood. How can the relatively greater impact of divorce on boys than on girls be explained? The greater male agression and noncompliance may reflect the fact that such behaviors are tolerated and even encouraged in males in our culture more than they are in females. Furthermore, boys may have a p
39、articular need for a strong male model of self- control, as well as for a strong disciplinarian parent. Finally, boys are more likely to be exposed to their parents“ fights than girls are, and after the breakup, boys are less likely than girls to receive sympathy and support from mothers, teachers,
40、or peers.（分数：8.00）(1).It is hard for temperamental, irritable kids to adapt to parental divorce because _.（分数：2.00）A.they are too much disrupted by the life changeB.the family breakup makes them feel very sensitiveC.the great stress of their families diminishes their abilityD.they encounter more par
41、ents“ fights than the easy-going children(2).The following statements are true EXCEPT _.（分数：2.00）A.a six-year-old boy may feel being deserted by his parentsB.divorce is usually caused by more than one reasonC.a young girl may feel more shameful on parental divorce than an older boyD.as the kids grow
42、 older, they have a better understanding of divorce(3).Why does parental divorce have greater effects on boys than on girls according to the author?（分数：2.00）A.Because all cultures tolerate male agression and noncomplianceB.Because boys are basically more self-disciplined than girlsC.Because males ar
43、e usually viewed as the models in self-controlD.Because boys are always involved in their parents“ fights(4).What does the passage mainly convey to the readers?（分数：2.00）A.Kids of different ages behave differntly facing parental divorceB.The impact of divorce on kids varies in personality, age and ge
44、nderC.Boys may become more aggressive than girls in disrupted familiesD.Parental divorce has a negative effect on children all through their livesIt is hard to predict how science is going to turn out, and if it is really good science it is impossible to predict. If the things to be found are actual
45、ly new, they are by definition unknown in advance. You cannot make choice in that matter. You either have science or you don“t have, and if you have it you are obliged to accept the surprising and disturbing pieces of information, along with the neat and promptly useful bits. The only solid piece of
46、 scientific truth about which I feel totally confident is that we are profoundly ignorant about nature. I regard this as the maj or discovery of the past hundred years of biology. It is, in its way, an illuminating piece of news. It would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlighten
47、ment to be told by any of us how little we known and how bewildering seems the way ahead. It is this sudden confrontation with the depth and scope of ignorance that represents the most significant contribution of the 20th century science to the human intellect. In earlier times, we either pretended
48、to understand how things worked or ignored the problem, or simply make up stories to fill the gaps. Now that we have begun exploring in eamest, we are getting glimpses of how huge the questions are, and how far they are from being answered. Because of this, we are depressed. It is not so bad being i
49、gnorant if you are totally ignorant. The hard thing is knowing in some detail the reality of ignorance, the worst spots and here and there the not-so-bad spots, but no true light at the end of the tunnel nor even any tunnels that can yet be trusted. But we are making a beginning, and there ought to be some satisfaction. There are probably no questions we can think up that can“t be answered, sooner or later, including even the matter of consciousness. To be sure, there may well be questions w
