1、考博英语（完形填空）历年真题试卷汇编 2及答案解析(总分：80.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Cloze(总题数：2，分数：80.00)（北京航空航天大学 2010年试题） When an invention is made, the inventor has three possible【1】of action open to him; he can give the invention to the world by publishing it, keep the idea【2】, or patent it. A【3】patent is the result of a bargain【4
2、】between an inventor and the state, but the inventor gets a limited period of monopoly and publishes full details of his invention to the public after that period【5】. Only in the most exceptional circumstances【6】the lifespan of a patent【7】to alter this normal process of events. The longest extension
3、 ever【8】was to Georges Valensi; his 1939 patent for color TV receiver circuit was extended until 1971 because for most of the patents normal life there was no color TV to【9】and thus no hope for reward for the invention. Because a patent remains permanently【10】after it has terminated, the shelves of
4、the library attached to the【11】office contain details of literally millions of ideas that are free for anyone to use and, if【12】than half a century, sometimes even re-patent. Indeed, patent experts often advise anyone【13】to avoid the high cost of conducting a search through【14】patents that the one s
5、ure way of violation of any other inventors right is to plagiarize a dead patent. Likewise, because publication of an idea in any other form【15】invalidates further patents on that idea, it is traditionally【16】to take ideas from other areas of print. Much modern technological advance is【17】on these p
6、resumptions of legal security. Anyone closely【18】in patents and inventions soon learns that most “new“ ideas are, in fact, as old as the hills. It is their reduction to commercial practice, either through necessity or dedication, or through the availability of new technology,【19】makes news and money
7、. The basic patent for the theory for magnetic recording dates back to 1886. Many of the original ideas behind television originate【20】the late 19th and early 20th century. Even the Volkswagen rear engine car was anticipated by a 1904 patent for a cart with the horse at the rear.（分数：40.00）(1).【1】（分数
8、：2.00）A.workB.possibilityC.measuresD.courses(2).【2】（分数：2.00）A.openB.coveredC.secretD.improved(3).【3】（分数：2.00）A.grantedB.grantingC.inventingD.invented(4).【4】（分数：2.00）A.strikingB.struckC.to be strikingD.to strike(5).【5】（分数：2.00）A.terminatingB.continuingC.continuesD.terminates(6).【6】（分数：2.00）A.areB.to
9、beC.beD.is(7).【7】（分数：2.00）A.extendingB.will extendC.extendedD.to be extended(8).【8】（分数：2.00）A.grantedB.grantingC.to grantD.being granted(9).【9】（分数：2.00）A.receivingB.sendingC.receiveD.send(10).【10】（分数：2.00）A.publicB.secretC.closeD.concealed(11).【11】（分数：2.00）A.customerB.commerceC.patentD.television(12
10、).【12】（分数：2.00）A.longerB.olderC.weakerD.younger(13).【13】（分数：2.00）A.wishedB.refusingC.refusedD.wishing(14).【14】（分数：2.00）A.liveB.deadC.workingD.recording(15).【15】（分数：2.00）A.temporarilyB.suddenlyC.permanentlyD.sharply(16).【16】（分数：2.00）A.dangerousB.undesirableC.safeD.terrible(17).【17】（分数：2.00）A.contract
11、edB.sentC.anticipatedD.based(18).【18】（分数：2.00）A.involvingB.involvedC.containedD.containing(19).【19】（分数：2.00）A.whichB.whenC.thatD.where(20).【20】（分数：2.00）A.withB.offC.beforeD.from（四川大学 2010年试题） You probably know that its better for both you and the environment if you buy an organic tomato instead of o
12、ne thats been doused in pesticides, but there are lots of other things to consider before venturing down the aisle of your local supermarket(or farmers market). The explosion in【1】produce and other foods during the last few years has been an extremely【2】development in the food industry. However,【3】s
13、till exists about exactly what the organic【4】means. Do you know the difference between a cereal thats “organic“, 100% organic, and “made with organic【5】“? The USDA has clearly defined standards that【6】which of those labels can legally go on your raisin bran. You can learn more about them at www. usd
14、a. gov. Organic foods are great, but the jury is still very much out【7】another new development in the food world; genetically【8】organisms(GMOs). No one knows for certain the short and【9】effects of these products of gene engineering,【10】theres a chance they could lead to the【11】creation of “superweed
15、s“ or【12】with natural plant stocks. For more information on GMOs, we recommend visiting www. saynotogmos. org. 【13】youre shopping, dont forget to consider the companies behind the【14】names. One cereal company might be an environmental champion,【15】the other manufactures its corn flakes via【16】enviro
16、nmental practices. An easy way to compare two companies is to use【17】such as www. responsible shopper. com. They present both the good and bad sides of every company they【18】, and they grade hundreds of companies on social, ethical and environmental issues. Remember;【19】conscious shopping is a power
17、ful tool for effecting change. You can make a difference every time you fill your【20】cart.（分数：40.00）(1).【1】（分数：2.00）A.greenB.organicC.healthyD.optional(2).【2】（分数：2.00）A.positiveB.negativeC.activeD.passive(3).【3】（分数：2.00）A.controversyB.contributionC.conversionD.confusion(4).【4】（分数：2.00）A.labelB.markC
18、.wordD.food(5).【5】（分数：2.00）A.componentsB.genesC.ingredientsD.compositions(6).【6】（分数：2.00）A.determineB.illustrateC.recommendD.demonstrate(7).【7】（分数：2.00）A.inB.toC.forD.on(8).【8】（分数：2.00）A.movedB.modifiedC.modeledD.motivated(9).【9】（分数：2.00）A.long-runB.long-termC.long-dayD.long-distance(10).【10】（分数：2.0
19、0）A.whileB.andC.butD.or(11).【11】（分数：2.00）A.unconditionalB.unexceptionalC.unintentionalD.uncontroversial(12).【12】（分数：2.00）A.interfereB.interveneC.interactD.intrude(13).【13】（分数：2.00）A.AnytimeB.Any timeC.SometimeD.Some time(14).【14】（分数：2.00）A.brandB.codeC.productD.family(15).【15】（分数：2.00）A.whenB.whileC
20、.asD.because(16).【16】（分数：2.00）A.constructiveB.destructiveC.instructiveD.obstructive(17).【17】（分数：2.00）A.sightsB.addressesC.sitesD.webs(18).【18】（分数：2.00）A.profitB.profileC.proposeD.protect(19).【19】（分数：2.00）A.sociallyB.conditionallyC.morallyD.environmentally(20).【20】（分数：2.00）A.nurseryB.groceryC.bakeryD
21、.stationery考博英语（完形填空）历年真题试卷汇编 2答案解析(总分：80.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Cloze(总题数：2，分数：80.00)（北京航空航天大学 2010年试题） When an invention is made, the inventor has three possible【1】of action open to him; he can give the invention to the world by publishing it, keep the idea【2】, or patent it. A【3】patent is the result of a
22、 bargain【4】between an inventor and the state, but the inventor gets a limited period of monopoly and publishes full details of his invention to the public after that period【5】. Only in the most exceptional circumstances【6】the lifespan of a patent【7】to alter this normal process of events. The longest
23、 extension ever【8】was to Georges Valensi; his 1939 patent for color TV receiver circuit was extended until 1971 because for most of the patents normal life there was no color TV to【9】and thus no hope for reward for the invention. Because a patent remains permanently【10】after it has terminated, the s
24、helves of the library attached to the【11】office contain details of literally millions of ideas that are free for anyone to use and, if【12】than half a century, sometimes even re-patent. Indeed, patent experts often advise anyone【13】to avoid the high cost of conducting a search through【14】patents that
25、 the one sure way of violation of any other inventors right is to plagiarize a dead patent. Likewise, because publication of an idea in any other form【15】invalidates further patents on that idea, it is traditionally【16】to take ideas from other areas of print. Much modern technological advance is【17】
26、on these presumptions of legal security. Anyone closely【18】in patents and inventions soon learns that most “new“ ideas are, in fact, as old as the hills. It is their reduction to commercial practice, either through necessity or dedication, or through the availability of new technology,【19】makes news
27、 and money. The basic patent for the theory for magnetic recording dates back to 1886. Many of the original ideas behind television originate【20】the late 19th and early 20th century. Even the Volkswagen rear engine car was anticipated by a 1904 patent for a cart with the horse at the rear.（分数：40.00）
28、(1).【1】（分数：2.00）A.workB.possibilityC.measuresD.courses 解析：解析：空格所在句子大意为：当一项发明创造问世时，发明者有三种可供选择的。各个选项的意思为：work“工作”；possibility“机会，可能”；measures“措施，方法”；courses“做法，方针”。根据句意和各个选项的意思可知，正确答案是 D。(2).【2】（分数：2.00）A.openB.coveredC.secret D.improved解析：解析：空格所在句子大意为：发明者可以将成果出版从而公之于众，可以将其或者是将其申请专利。各个选项的意思为：open“公开的，
29、开放的”；covered“覆盖的”；secret“秘密的”；improved“改善的”。根据句意和各个选项的意思可知，正确答案是 C。(3).【3】（分数：2.00）A.granted B.grantingC.inventingD.invented解析：解析：空格所在句子大意为：专利是发明者和国家之间的一种契约。各个选项的意思为：granted“已经授予(权利等)了的”；granting“正在授予中的”；inventing“正在发明的”；invented“已经发明的”。根据句意和各个选项的意思可知，正确答案是 A。(4).【4】（分数：2.00）A.strikingB.struck C.to
30、be strikingD.to strike解析：解析：空格所在句子大意为：授权的专利是发明者和国家之间一种契约。strike“达成(协议)，签订(合同等)，结算(收支)”，本题考查使用 strike的哪一种形式(现在分词、过去分词、将来时及动词不定式)。根据句意和各个选项的意思可知，正确答案是 B。(5).【5】（分数：2.00）A.terminatingB.continuingC.continuesD.terminates 解析：解析：空格所在句子大意为：按照契约，发明者可以对自己的成果在一定期限内享有垄断权，垄断后，他就得把发明的整个细节公之于众。各个选项的意思为：terminating
31、“终止，结束”；continuing“继续”；continues“继续”；terminates“结束，终止”。after 后为时间状语从句，所以空格处应填一个动词做从句的谓语。根据句意和各个选项的意思可知，正确答案是 D。(6).【6】（分数：2.00）A.areB.to beC.beD.is 解析：解析：空格所在句子大意为：只有在极为特殊的情况下，才可以专利期限，从而改变这种正常的程序。only 短语置于句首时，句子后半部分要倒装，这里的主语是 the life span of a patent，因此选用系动词 is。根据句意和各个选项的意思可知，正确答案是 D。(7).【7】（分数：2.0
32、0）A.extendingB.will extendC.extended D.to be extended解析：解析：空格所在句子大意为：只有在极为特殊的情况下，才可以专利期限，从而改变这种正常的程序。本题考查选用 extend“延长，延伸，扩展”的哪一种形式。这里的主语是 the life span of a patent，显然是专利期限被延长，因此使用被动语态，is 被提前句子倒装，剩下的就是过去分词extended。根据句意和各个选项的意思可知，正确答案是 C。(8).【8】（分数：2.00）A.granted B.grantingC.to grantD.being granted解析：
33、解析：空格所在句子大意为：曾经把最长的专利延期Georges Valensi。本题考查选用grant“给予，授予”的哪一种形式。根据句意和各个选项的意思可知，正确答案是 A。(9).【9】（分数：2.00）A.receivingB.sendingC.receive D.send解析：解析：空格所在句子大意为：1939 年他就取得了彩色电视接收器线路的专利，而且这一专利一直延续到 1971年，因为这项专利在其大部分正常期限内都没有彩电可供，因此这项专利就无望获得回报。各个选项的意思为：receiving“止在接收”；sending“正在发送”；receive“接收”；send“发送”。根据句意和
34、各个选项的意思可知，正确答案是 C。(10).【10】（分数：2.00）A.public B.secretC.closeD.concealed解析：解析：空格所在句子大意为：因为一项专利到期后，就永远地了。各个选项的意思为：public“公开的”；secret“秘密的”；close“关闭的”；concealed“隐蔽的”。根据句意和各个选项的意思可知，正确答案是 A。(11).【11】（分数：2.00）A.customerB.commerceC.patent D.television解析：解析：空格所在句子大意为：因此，局所属的图书馆的书架上有成千上万种专利。各个选项的意思为：customer
35、“客户”；commerce“商业”；patent“专利”；television“电视”。根据句意和各个选项的意思可知，正确答案是 C。(12).【12】（分数：2.00）A.longerB.older C.weakerD.younger解析：解析：空格所在句子大意为：如半个世纪，有时甚至会再次被授予专利。各个选项的意思为：longer“比较久的”；older“较长时间的”，weaker“比较虚弱的”；younger“比较年轻的”。根据句意和各个选项的意思可知，正确答案是 B。(13).【13】（分数：2.00）A.wishedB.refusingC.refusedD.wishing 解析：解析
36、：空格所在句子大意为：实际上，专利专家们常对开发有效专利而又想避免高额费用的人提出建议，避免侵犯他人专利权的有效方法就是使用过期专利。空格后的内容作 anyone的后置定语，而anyone是动作的发出者，故应选择现在分词形式。根据句意和各个选项的意思可知，正确答案是 D。(14).【14】（分数：2.00）A.live B.deadC.workingD.recording解析：解析：空格所在句子大意为：实际上，专利专家们常对希望开发一专利而又想避免高额费用的人提出建议，避免侵犯他人专利权的有效方法就是使用过期专利。各个选项的意思为：live“有效的”，live patent表示“有效专利”之意
37、；dead“无效的，失效的”；working“起作用”；recording“记录的”。根据旬意和各个选项的意思可知，正确答案是 A。(15).【15】（分数：2.00）A.temporarilyB.suddenlyC.permanently D.sharply解析：解析：空格所在句子大意为：因为用任何其他方式公布观点都会使之失效。各个选项的意思为：temporarily“临时地”；suddenly“突然”；permanently“永久地”；sharply“急剧地”。根据句意和各个选项的意思可知，正确答案是 C。(16).【16】（分数：2.00）A.dangerousB.undesirable
38、C.safe D.terrible解析：解析：空格所在句子大意为：因此，传统上，从其他印刷材料上想出办法是。各个选项的意思为：dangerous“危险的”；undesirable“不可取的”；safe“安全的”；terrible“可怕的”。根据句意和各个选项的意思可知，正确答案是 C。(17).【17】（分数：2.00）A.contractedB.sentC.anticipatedD.based 解析：解析：空格所在句子大意为：众多现代技术的进步都是这些法律上安全的考虑。各个选项的意思为：contracted“签合同”；sent“发送”；anticipated“预期”；based“根据”，be
39、 based on 的意思是“根据，建立在”。根据句意和各个选项的意思可知，正确答案是 D。(18).【18】（分数：2.00）A.involvingB.involved C.containedD.containing解析：解析：空格所在句子大意为：任何一个经常专利和发明的人很快会得知根据句意和各个选项的意思可知，正确答案是 B。(19).【19】（分数：2.00）A.whichB.whenC.that D.where解析：解析：空格所在句子大意为：只有把握时代的需求，锐意进取，跟上新技术的步伐，专利才能变成商业实践，做到名利双收。该句是个强调句型，因此用引导词 that。根据句意和各个选项的
40、意思可知，正确答案是 C。(20).【20】（分数：2.00）A.withB.offC.beforeD.from 解析：解析：空格所在句子大意为：电视原理的许多原创思路都19 世纪后期和 20世纪初。originate from“起源于，发源于”。根据句意和各个选项的意思可知，正确答案是 D。（四川大学 2010年试题） You probably know that its better for both you and the environment if you buy an organic tomato instead of one thats been doused in pestic
41、ides, but there are lots of other things to consider before venturing down the aisle of your local supermarket(or farmers market). The explosion in【1】produce and other foods during the last few years has been an extremely【2】development in the food industry. However,【3】still exists about exactly what
42、 the organic【4】means. Do you know the difference between a cereal thats “organic“, 100% organic, and “made with organic【5】“? The USDA has clearly defined standards that【6】which of those labels can legally go on your raisin bran. You can learn more about them at www. usda. gov. Organic foods are grea
43、t, but the jury is still very much out【7】another new development in the food world; genetically【8】organisms(GMOs). No one knows for certain the short and【9】effects of these products of gene engineering,【10】theres a chance they could lead to the【11】creation of “superweeds“ or【12】with natural plant st
44、ocks. For more information on GMOs, we recommend visiting www. saynotogmos. org. 【13】youre shopping, dont forget to consider the companies behind the【14】names. One cereal company might be an environmental champion,【15】the other manufactures its corn flakes via【16】environmental practices. An easy way
45、 to compare two companies is to use【17】such as www. responsible shopper. com. They present both the good and bad sides of every company they【18】, and they grade hundreds of companies on social, ethical and environmental issues. Remember;【19】conscious shopping is a powerful tool for effecting change.
46、 You can make a difference every time you fill your【20】cart.（分数：40.00）(1).【1】（分数：2.00）A.greenB.organic C.healthyD.optional解析：解析：空格所在句子大意为：最近几年，食品和其他食品的急剧增加对食品业的发展产生了非常影响。各个选项的意思为：green“绿色的”；organic“有机的”；healthy“健康的”；optional“可选择的，随意的”。根据句意、第一段 organic tomato的提示和各个选项的意思可知，正确答案是 B。(2).【2】（分数：2.00）A.po
47、sitive B.negativeC.activeD.passive解析：解析：空格所在句子大意为：最近几年，有机食品和其他食品的急剧增加对食品业的发展产生了非常影响。各个选项的意思为：positive“肯定的，绝对的，积极的”；negative“否定的，负的，消极的”；active“活跃的，积极的”；passive“被动的，消极的”。根据句意和各个选项的意思可知，正确答案是 A。(3).【3】（分数：2.00）A.controversy B.contributionC.conversionD.confusion解析：解析：空格所在句子大意为：然而，关于有机的准确定义一直存在着各个选项的意思为
48、：controversy“论争，论战，辩论”；contribution“贡献”；conversion“转换”；confusion“混淆”。根据句意和各个选项的意思可知，正确答案是 A。(4).【4】（分数：2.00）A.label B.markC.wordD.food解析：解析：空格所在句子大意为：然而，关于有机的准确定义一直存在着争议。各个选项的意思为：label“标签”；mark“标志”；word“单词”；food“食品”。根据句意和各个选项的意思可知，正确答案是 A。(5).【5】（分数：2.00）A.componentsB.genesC.ingredients D.compositio
49、ns解析：解析：空格所在句子大意为：你知道由 100的有机物合成的谷类食品与由有机合成的谷类食品之间的区别吗?各个选项的意思为：components“零件，组成整体的单件，构成要素”；genes“基因”；ingredients“成分，因素”；compositions“写作，作曲，作文”。根据句意和各个选项的意思可知，正确答案是 C。(6).【6】（分数：2.00）A.determine B.illustrateC.recommendD.demonstrate解析：解析：空格所在句子大意为：美国农业部给出了明确的标准，哪些产品标签可以合法地贴在提子麦片上。各个选项的意思为: determine“决定，确定”；illustrate“举例说明，阐明”；recommend“推荐，劝告，介绍；推荐”；demonstrate“证实，证明”。根据句意和各个选项的意思可知，正确答案是 A。(7).【7】（分数：2.00）A.inB.toC.forD.on 解析：解析：各个选项的意思为：in“在里面”；to“向，往，到”；for“为了，至于”；on“关于”。根据句意和各个选项的意思可知，正确答案是
