1、考博英语（完形填空）历年真题试卷汇编 5及答案解析(总分：80.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Cloze(总题数：2，分数：80.00)（浙江大学 2008年试题） Since the early 1930s, Swiss banks had prided themselves on their system of banking secrecy and numbered accounts. Over the years, they had successfully【1】every challenge to this system by their own government who,【2
2、】, had been frequently urged by foreign governments to reveal information about the financial affairs of certain account【3】. The result of this policy of secrecy was【4】a kind of mystique had grown up around Swiss banking. There was a widely-held belief that Switzerland was【5】to wealthy foreigners, m
3、ainly because of its numbered accounts and bankers reluctance to ask awkward questions【6】depositors.【7】to the mystique was the view that if this secrecy was ever given up, foreigners would fall over themselves in the rush to【8】money, and the Swiss banking system would virtually collapse overnight. T
4、o many,【9】, it came like a bolt out of the【10】, when, in 1977, the Swiss banks announced they had signed a【11】with the Swiss National Bank(the Central Bank). The aim of the agreement was【12】the improper use of the countrys bank secrecy laws, and its【13】was to curb severely the system of secrecy. The
5、 rules which the banks had agreed to observe【14】the opening of numbered accounts subject to much closer【15】than before. The banks would be required, if necessary, to【16】the origin of foreign funds going into numbered and other accounts. The idea was to stop such accounts being used for【17】purposes.
6、Also, they agreed not to accept funds resulting from tax【18】or from crime. The pact represented essentially a tightening up of banking rules.【19】the banks a-greed to end relations with clients whose identities were unclear or who were performing improper acts, they were still not obliged to inform【2
7、0】a client to anyone, including the Swiss government. To some extent, therefore, the principle of secrecy had been maintained.（分数：40.00）(1).【1】（分数：2.00）A.resistedB.enduredC.withstoodD.opposed(2).【2】（分数：2.00）A.in turnB.in returnC.in caseD.in all(3).【3】（分数：2.00）A.ownersB.possessorsC.keepersD.holders(4
8、).【4】（分数：2.00）A.thatB.whileC.whichD.therefore(5).【5】（分数：2.00）A.disrespectfulB.irresponsibleC.disrespectableD.irrational(6).【6】（分数：2.00）A.aboutB.ofC.afterD.for(7).【7】（分数：2.00）A.ContributedB.Having contributedC.ContributingD.Contribute(8).【8】（分数：2.00）A.exchangeB.withdrawC.depositD.cash(9).【9】（分数：2.00）
9、A.neverthelessB.as a matter of factC.thereforeD.of course(10).【10】（分数：2.00）A.shockB.blueC.suddenD.blew(11).【11】（分数：2.00）A.pactB.pretextC.provisoD.contract(12).【12】（分数：2.00）A.preventB.to have preventedC.preventingD.to prevent(13).【13】（分数：2.00）A.effectB.influenceC.affectD.impact(14).【14】（分数：2.00）A.inv
10、okedB.madeC.causedD.induced(15).【15】（分数：2.00）A.researchB.searchC.scrutinyD.survey(16).【16】（分数：2.00）A.discoverB.identifyC.learnD.know(17).【17】（分数：2.00）A.suspectableB.unsureC.dubiousD.implausible(18).【18】（分数：2.00）A.evasionB.neglectC.omissionD.escape(19).【19】（分数：2.00）A.In spiteB.AlthoughC.UntilD.Even(2
11、0).【20】（分数：2.00）A.withB.aboutC.onD.of（清华大学 2008年试题） The changes in globally averaged temperature that have occurred at the Earths surface over the past century are similar in size and timing to those【1】by models that take into account the combined influences of human factors and solar variability. T
12、o【2】the question of attribution requires the【3】of more powerful and complex methods, beyond the use of global averages alone. New studies have focused on【4】maps or patterns of temperature change in【5】and in models. Pattern analysis is the cli-matologically equivalent of the more comprehensive tests
13、in the medical analogy mentioned【6】, and makes it possible to achieve more definitive【7】of observed climate changes to a particular cause or causes. The expected influence of human activities is thought to be much more complex than uniform warming over the entire surface of the Earth and over the wh
14、ole【8】cycle. Patterns of change over space and time therefore provide a more powerful【9】technique. The basic idea【10】pattern-based approaches is that different【11】causes of climate change have different characteristic patterns of climate response or fingerprints. Attribution studies seek to【12】a fin
15、gerprint match between the patterns of climate change【13】by models and those actually observed. The most recent assessment of the science suggests that human activities have led to a discernible【14】on global climate and that these activities will have an increasing influence on future climate. The b
16、urning of coal, oil and natural gas, as well as various agricultural and industrial practices, are【15】the composition of the atmosphere and contributing to climate change. These human activities have led to increased atmospheric【16】of a number of greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide, methane a
17、nd so on in the lower atmosphere. Human activities, such as the burning of fossil, have also increased the【17】of small particles in the atmosphere. These particles can change the【18】of energy that is absorbed and reflected by the atmosphere. They are also believed to modify the【19】of air and clouds,
18、 changing the amount of energy that they absorb and reflect. Intensive studies of the climatic effects of these particles began only recently and the overall【20】is uncertain. It is likely that the net effect of these small particles is to cool the climate and to partially offset the warming of incre
19、asing concentrations of greenhouse gases.（分数：40.00）(1).【1】（分数：2.00）A.incensedB.personifyC.interactD.predicted(2).【2】（分数：2.00）A.arrayB.ascertainC.probeD.perturb(3).【3】（分数：2.00）A.applicationB.integrationC.avengeD.intervene(4).【4】（分数：2.00）A.conformingB.comparingC.bidingD.budgeting(5).【5】（分数：2.00）A.junc
20、tionsB.juncturesC.obligationsD.observations(6).【6】（分数：2.00）A.optionallyB.ornamentallyC.previouslyD.predicatively(7).【7】（分数：2.00）A.attributionB.autonomyC.indicationD.induction(8).【8】（分数：2.00）A.immuneB.seasonalC.formidableD.perceptible(9).【9】（分数：2.00）A.analysisB.disposalC.antigenD.disincentive(10).【10
21、】（分数：2.00）A.avengingB.underestimatingC.ascendingD.underlying(11).【11】（分数：2.00）A.potentialB.respectableC.secretiveD.sturdy(12).【12】（分数：2.00）A.wearyB.obtainC.winkD.retard(13).【13】（分数：2.00）A.orientedB.kennedC.predictedD.lapsed(14).【14】（分数：2.00）A.modificationB.nominationC.penetrationD.influence(15).【15】
22、（分数：2.00）A.pavingB.alteringC.retreatingD.saluting(16).【16】（分数：2.00）A.stabilitiesB.popularitiesC.concentrationsD.hierarchies(17).【17】（分数：2.00）A.abundanceB.hemisphereC.fixtureD.distress(18).【18】（分数：2.00）A.burialB.argumentationC.legislationD.amount(19).【19】（分数：2.00）A.disposalsB.propertiesC.certaintiesD
23、.blends(20).【20】（分数：2.00）A.calculationB.assignmentC.budgetD.effect考博英语（完形填空）历年真题试卷汇编 5答案解析(总分：80.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Cloze(总题数：2，分数：80.00)（浙江大学 2008年试题） Since the early 1930s, Swiss banks had prided themselves on their system of banking secrecy and numbered accounts. Over the years, they had successfull
24、y【1】every challenge to this system by their own government who,【2】, had been frequently urged by foreign governments to reveal information about the financial affairs of certain account【3】. The result of this policy of secrecy was【4】a kind of mystique had grown up around Swiss banking. There was a w
25、idely-held belief that Switzerland was【5】to wealthy foreigners, mainly because of its numbered accounts and bankers reluctance to ask awkward questions【6】depositors.【7】to the mystique was the view that if this secrecy was ever given up, foreigners would fall over themselves in the rush to【8】money, a
26、nd the Swiss banking system would virtually collapse overnight. To many,【9】, it came like a bolt out of the【10】, when, in 1977, the Swiss banks announced they had signed a【11】with the Swiss National Bank(the Central Bank). The aim of the agreement was【12】the improper use of the countrys bank secrecy
27、 laws, and its【13】was to curb severely the system of secrecy. The rules which the banks had agreed to observe【14】the opening of numbered accounts subject to much closer【15】than before. The banks would be required, if necessary, to【16】the origin of foreign funds going into numbered and other accounts
28、. The idea was to stop such accounts being used for【17】purposes. Also, they agreed not to accept funds resulting from tax【18】or from crime. The pact represented essentially a tightening up of banking rules.【19】the banks a-greed to end relations with clients whose identities were unclear or who were
29、performing improper acts, they were still not obliged to inform【20】a client to anyone, including the Swiss government. To some extent, therefore, the principle of secrecy had been maintained.（分数：40.00）(1).【1】（分数：2.00）A.resistedB.enduredC.withstood D.opposed解析：解析：空格所在句子大意为：多年来，瑞士的银行系统成功来自瑞士政府的每一次压力。在
30、给出的选项中：resisted“抵抗，抗拒”；endured“忍耐，忍受”；withstood“经得起”；opposed“反对(意见、观点等)”。所以，正确答案是 C。(2).【2】（分数：2.00）A.in turn B.in returnC.in caseD.in all解析：解析：空格所在句子大意为：，瑞士政府也经常受到外国政府要求其披露某些账户的相关信息的压力。在给出的选项中：in turn“反过来”；in return“作为回答”；in case“万一，假使”；in all“总计”。所以，正确答案是 A。(3).【3】（分数：2.00）A.ownersB.possessorsC.ke
31、epersD.holders 解析：解析：空格所在句子大意为：瑞士政府也经常受到外国政府要求其披露某些账户的相关信息的压力。本题考查常见银行业术语。账户持有人的英文表达为“account holder”。所以，正确答案是D。(4).【4】（分数：2.00）A.that B.whileC.whichD.therefore解析：解析：空格所在句子大意为：实行保密政策的结果就是瑞士银行业呈现一种神秘感。本题考查关系代词 that引导表语从句的用法。所以，正确答案是 A。(5).【5】（分数：2.00）A.disrespectfulB.irresponsible C.disrespectableD.i
32、rrational解析：解析：空格所在句子大意为：有一种普遍认同的观点，即瑞士对有钱的外国人是。在给出的选项中：disrespectful“失礼的”；irresponsible“不负责任的”；disrespectable“不体面的”；irrational“不理性的”。所以，正确答案是 B。(6).【6】（分数：2.00）A.about B.ofC.afterD.for解析：解析：空格所在句子大意为：有一种普遍认同的观点，即瑞士对有钱的外国人是不负责任的，主要原因是瑞士的银行实行代号账户制度，而且银行家不愿询问会使存款人感到尴尬的信息。本题考查常用介词的辨析。询问关于某人的信息常用介词 abou
33、t。所以，正确答案是 A。(7).【7】（分数：2.00）A.ContributedB.Having contributedC.Contributing D.Contribute解析：解析：空格所在句子大意为：瑞士的银行更加神秘的是另外一个观点。本句可以看做倒装句，将表语成分前置加以强调。所以，正确答案是 C。(8).【8】（分数：2.00）A.exchangeB.withdraw C.depositD.cash解析：解析：空格所在句子大意为：如果瑞士的银行放弃保密政策，外国的存款人就会疯狂，瑞士银行系统会在一夜之间崩溃。本题考查常见银行业术语。withdrawmoney 为“提现”之意。所以
34、，正确答案是 B。(9).【9】（分数：2.00）A.neverthelessB.as a matter of factC.therefore D.of course解析：解析：空格所在句子大意为：，当 1977年瑞士的各大银行宣布它们已经和瑞士国家银行(瑞士央行)签下协约的时候，对很多人来说，这个消息犹如晴天霹雳。本题考查语篇连贯。上文陈述瑞士的银行都实行保密政策。而根据下文可知，1977 年的协议旨在防止瑞士银行保密法的滥用并严厉控制银行保密制度，故 1977年的协议犹如晴天霹雳是顺理成章的，therefore 有“因此，所以”之意。所以，正确答案是 C。(10).【10】（分数：2.00
35、）A.shockB.blue C.suddenD.blew解析：解析：空格所在句子大意同上。本题考查习语搭配。a bolt out of the blue 意为“晴天霹雳”。所以，正确答案是 B。(11).【11】（分数：2.00）A.pact B.pretextC.provisoD.contract解析：解析：空格所在句子大意同上。在给出的选项中：pact“契约”；pretext“托词”；proviso“附加条款”；contract“合同”。本空填 pact和 contract似乎均可，但下文中出现了 pact一词。所以，正确答案是 A。(12).【12】（分数：2.00）A.prevent
36、B.to have preventedC.preventingD.to prevent 解析：解析：空格所在句子大意同上。本题考查动词不定式作表语的用法。所以，正确答案是 D。(13).【13】（分数：2.00）A.effect B.influenceC.affectD.impact解析：解析：空格所在句子大意同上。本题考查近义词辨析。在给出的选项中：effect“影响”，常指积极的影响；influence“影响”，常指对人的思想、行为的影响；affect“影响”，常指消极的影响；impact“影响”，常指轰动一时的重大影响。所以，正确答案是 A。(14).【14】（分数：2.00）A.inv
37、okedB.made C.causedD.induced解析：解析：空格所在句子大意为：瑞士各银行同意遵守的规章代号账户的公开受到更加严厉的。本题考查动词用法的辨析。动词 cause后接动词不定式作宾语补足语时不可省略动词不定式符号 to，动词 make后则可以省略。所以，正确答案是 B。(15).【15】（分数：2.00）A.researchB.searchC.scrutiny D.survey解析：解析：空格所在句子大意为：瑞士各银行同意遵守的规章使得代号账户的公开受到更加严厉的。在给出的选项中：research“研究”；search“搜求”；scrutiny“(仔细的)审查”；surve
38、y“调查”。所以，正确答案是 C。(16).【16】（分数：2.00）A.discoverB.identify C.learnD.know解析：解析：空格所在句子大意为：必要情况下银行需要流人代号账户以及其他账户的外来资金的来源。在给出的选项中：discover“发现”；identify“确定，识别”；learn“学习”；know“知道”。所以，正确答案是 B.(17).【17】（分数：2.00）A.suspectable B.unsureC.dubiousD.implausible解析：解析：空格所在句子大意为：这种方法就是要防止此类账户被用于目的。在给出的选项中：suspectable“可
39、疑的”；unsure“不确定的”；dubious“半信半疑的”；implausible“难以置信的”。所以，正确答案是 A。(18).【18】（分数：2.00）A.evasion B.neglectC.omissionD.escape解析：解析：空格所在句子大意为：它们还同意不接收来自和犯罪的资金。本题考查常见金融术语。tax evasion为“逃税”的专业表达方式。所以，正确答案是 A。(19).【19】（分数：2.00）A.In spiteB.Although C.UntilD.Even解析：解析：空格所在句子大意为：瑞士各银行同意终止和身份不明或行为不端的客户的业务往来，它们仍然不会将客
40、户信息一给任何人，包括瑞士政府。本题考查 although引导让步状语从句的用法。短语 in spite of也可以引导让步状语从句，但介词 of不可省略。所以，正确答案是 B。(20).【20】（分数：2.00）A.withB.about C.onD.of解析：解析：空格所在句子大意为：尽管瑞士各银行同意终止和身份不明或行为不端的客户的业务往来，他们仍然不会将客户信息给任何人，包括瑞士政府。本题考查常用介词的用法。关于某人的信息常用介词短语 about sb。所以，正确答案是 B。（清华大学 2008年试题） The changes in globally averaged temperat
41、ure that have occurred at the Earths surface over the past century are similar in size and timing to those【1】by models that take into account the combined influences of human factors and solar variability. To【2】the question of attribution requires the【3】of more powerful and complex methods, beyond t
42、he use of global averages alone. New studies have focused on【4】maps or patterns of temperature change in【5】and in models. Pattern analysis is the cli-matologically equivalent of the more comprehensive tests in the medical analogy mentioned【6】, and makes it possible to achieve more definitive【7】of ob
43、served climate changes to a particular cause or causes. The expected influence of human activities is thought to be much more complex than uniform warming over the entire surface of the Earth and over the whole【8】cycle. Patterns of change over space and time therefore provide a more powerful【9】techn
44、ique. The basic idea【10】pattern-based approaches is that different【11】causes of climate change have different characteristic patterns of climate response or fingerprints. Attribution studies seek to【12】a fingerprint match between the patterns of climate change【13】by models and those actually observe
45、d. The most recent assessment of the science suggests that human activities have led to a discernible【14】on global climate and that these activities will have an increasing influence on future climate. The burning of coal, oil and natural gas, as well as various agricultural and industrial practices
46、, are【15】the composition of the atmosphere and contributing to climate change. These human activities have led to increased atmospheric【16】of a number of greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide, methane and so on in the lower atmosphere. Human activities, such as the burning of fossil, have also
47、increased the【17】of small particles in the atmosphere. These particles can change the【18】of energy that is absorbed and reflected by the atmosphere. They are also believed to modify the【19】of air and clouds, changing the amount of energy that they absorb and reflect. Intensive studies of the climati
48、c effects of these particles began only recently and the overall【20】is uncertain. It is likely that the net effect of these small particles is to cool the climate and to partially offset the warming of increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases.（分数：40.00）(1).【1】（分数：2.00）A.incensedB.personifyC.int
49、eractD.predicted 解析：解析：A 选项意为“发怒，激怒”；B 选项意为“拟人化”；C 选项意为“相互影响，相互配合”；D选项意为“预言，预测”。文章第一句话根据上下文看是讲关于地球表面温度升高原因的推测。所以选择 D。(2).【2】（分数：2.00）A.arrayB.ascertainC.probe D.perturb解析：解析：A 选项意为“排列，整队”；B 选项意为“确定，查明，弄清楚”；C 选项意为“探索，探测”；D 选项意为“使人烦恼，不安”。原句意为“对这个问题的探究”，所以选择 C。(3).【3】（分数：2.00）A.application B.integrationC.avengeD.intervene解析：解析：A 意为“实际应用，用途”；B 选项意为“结合，一体化”；C 意为“为复仇”；D 选项意为“干涉，干预”。根据上下文，原句意为“对一些方式方法的使用”，所以选择 A。(4).【4】（分数：2.00）A.conformingB.comparing C.bidingD.budgeting解析：解析：A 意为“顺应，一致”；B 选项意为“比较”；C 意为“居住，滞留”；D 选项意为“预算”。根据下文可知原文是对温度
