1、考博英语（完形填空）历年真题试卷汇编 3及答案解析(总分：90.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Cloze(总题数：3，分数：90.00)（中国矿业大学 2010年试题） More than 600 million girls live in poverty in the developing world. Many of them are【1】in school and are not given the same opportunities【2】boys. New programs are aimed【3】helping girls and their families succeed.
2、The unequal treatment of【4】is a big problem in many parts of the globe. But a new campaign hopes to show that girls can be the solution【5】ending poverty, disease and other global issues. Its called the “girl effect. “ According to the girl effect theory, one girl can make a positive change in the wo
3、rld, as【6】as shes given a chance to succeed. An extra year of secondary school can boost a girls earnings【7】as much as 25%. If the 600 million girls in the developing world who live in poverty increased their earnings,【8】could lift the world economy. Studies show that women are【9】likely than men to
4、spend their paychecks【10】their families. With women working, children are more likely to stay in school, be better fed and be healthier.（分数：20.00）(1).【1】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).【2】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).【3】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).【4】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).【5】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(6).【6】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(7).【7】（分数：2.00）
5、填空项 1:_(8).【8】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(9).【9】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(10).【10】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_（中国矿业大学 2009年试题） Solving a problem can be broken into several steps. First, the problem must be identified correctly. Psychologists refer【1】this step as problem representation. For many problems, figuring【2】which informati
6、on is relevant and which is extraneous can be difficult and can interfere【3】arriving at a good solution. Clearly, before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious【4】the problem is, however, this is not as easy【5】it might seem. One obstacle to efficient problem representation is functional fixednes
7、s, that is, allowing preconceived notions and even prejudices to color the facts. Most people tend【6】see objects and events in certain fixed ways, and by being inflexible in viewing the problem, they may be unable to notice the tools【7】the solution. Once the problem is identified accurately,【8】, the
8、 second step consists【9】considering the alternatives for a solution. A common way to evaluate alternatives is to write them【10】and then make a list【11】advantages and disadvantages for each solution. Here again, people may be limited by prior experiences. Often people adopt mental sets【12】lead them t
9、o the same problem-solving strategies that were successful for problems【13】the past. Although that can be helpful most【14】the time, sometimes a new situation requires a different strategy.【15】that case, the mental set must be abandoned, and new alternatives must be explored.（分数：30.00）(1).【1】（分数：2.00
10、）填空项 1:_(2).【2】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).【3】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).【4】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).【5】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(6).【6】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(7).【7】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(8).【8】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(9).【9】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(10).【10】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(11).【11】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(12).【12】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(13).【13】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(14).【14
11、】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(15).【15】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_（浙江大学 2010年试题） The character of European education demands that the student develop【1】and social individuality. The American student is given a choice between relying on himself【2】on others. Scholastically, the fundamental difference is between the European
12、lecture system and the American discussion system. The European system is both the strength and the limit of European education. The strength is the challenge【3】the student to rely on himself; the system imposes a limit because it is【4】and at times even cruelly, qualitative; only a few are able to s
13、urvive. A second difference is the American campus, a term which has no【5】in Europe. There, the campus is formed【6】by the various classrooms, faculty offices and laboratories. No extracurricular activities are carried on. The students and the professors go to the universities when they have classes
14、and leave as soon as they are【7】. The European universities provide no social life; on the【8】, it creates a social atmosphere. The student【9】never organizes campus activities; everything is left to the【10】of the individual students. In the【11】of these considerations, I think I can answer the challen
15、ge of that pretty coed, though my answer is bound to be incomplete. My【12】to the American educational system are two. The first【13】American students. What【14】me most about them is their conformity and their fear of【15】. Perhaps campus life【16】by necessity to conformity. Almost every student belongs
16、to at least two organizations. What is the【17】of this associative mania,【18】not the basic desire to be supported by people who think【19】and sympathize with the same idea? Nobody likes being alone, but it seems to me that American students like【20】too much.（分数：40.00）(1).【1】（分数：2.00）A.intellectualB.in
17、tangibleC.inquisitiveD.ingenious(2).【2】（分数：2.00）A.andB.orC.fromD.with(3).【3】（分数：2.00）A.ofB.toC.forD.with(4).【4】（分数：2.00）A.strictlyB.vigorouslyC.rigorousD.rigid(5).【5】（分数：2.00）A.equationB.equivalentC.equatorD.equivalence(6).【6】（分数：2.00）A.exceptionallyB.exclusivelyC.extraordinarilyD.extensively(7).【7】
18、（分数：2.00）A.awayB.outC.overD.in(8).【8】（分数：2.00）A.bodyB.oppositionC.contrastD.conversation(9).【9】（分数：2.00）A.bodyB.unityC.structureD.union(10).【10】（分数：2.00）A.creativeB.initiativeC.originalD.imaginative(11).【11】（分数：2.00）A.lightB.accordanceC.correspondenceD.virtue(12).【12】（分数：2.00）A.reactionsB.respondsC.
19、repliesD.reflections(13).【13】（分数：2.00）A.involvesB.concernsC.includesD.relates(14).【14】（分数：2.00）A.appealedB.solicitedC.struckD.astounded(15).【15】（分数：2.00）A.dependenceB.desolationC.relianceD.isolation(16).【16】（分数：2.00）A.contendsB.intendsC.attendsD.tends(17).【17】（分数：2.00）A.reasonB.excuseC.backgroundD.c
20、ause(18).【18】（分数：2.00）A.whetherB.butC.ifD.as(19).【19】（分数：2.00）A.likelyB.alikeC.likelihoodD.like(20).【20】（分数：2.00）A.companionB.fellowshipC.mateD.company考博英语（完形填空）历年真题试卷汇编 3答案解析(总分：90.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Cloze(总题数：3，分数：90.00)（中国矿业大学 2010年试题） More than 600 million girls live in poverty in the developing wo
21、rld. Many of them are【1】in school and are not given the same opportunities【2】boys. New programs are aimed【3】helping girls and their families succeed. The unequal treatment of【4】is a big problem in many parts of the globe. But a new campaign hopes to show that girls can be the solution【5】ending pover
22、ty, disease and other global issues. Its called the “girl effect. “ According to the girl effect theory, one girl can make a positive change in the world, as【6】as shes given a chance to succeed. An extra year of secondary school can boost a girls earnings【7】as much as 25%. If the 600 million girls i
23、n the developing world who live in poverty increased their earnings,【8】could lift the world economy. Studies show that women are【9】likely than men to spend their paychecks【10】their families. With women working, children are more likely to stay in school, be better fed and be healthier.（分数：20.00）(1).
24、【1】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：discriminated）解析：解析：空格所在句子大意为：许多女孩在学校里受到。discriminate 意为“歧视”，这里用被动语态，表示某人受到歧视。根据句意可知，答案是 discriminated。(2).【2】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：as）解析：解析：空格所在句子大意为：女孩没有被给予与男孩相等的机会。the sameas 意为“与一样的”。根据句意可知，答案是 as。(3).【3】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：at）解析：解析：空格所在句大意为：新项目旨在帮助女孩
25、和她们的家庭获得成功。aim at 意为“目的在于”，是固定搭配。根据句意可知，答案是 at。(4).【4】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：girls）解析：解析：对的不公平待遇是全世界许多地方的-一个大问题。前文提到女孩和男孩在学校里得到的机会不一样，女孩常受到不平等的待遇。根据句意可知，答案是 girls。(5).【5】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：to）解析：解析：空格所在句大意为：一项新活动希望表明女孩是结束贫困、疾病和其他全球性问题的一个途径。the solution to意为“的解决方法”。根据句意可知，答案是 to。(6).【6】
26、（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：long）解析：解析：空格所在句大意为：一个女孩能够为这个世界做出积极的改变，给她一个成功的机会。as long as意为“只要”，是固定搭配。根据句意可知，答案是 long。(7).【7】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：to）解析：解析：空格所在句大意为：如果女孩们能多读 L年初中，她们的收入就会高出原有的 25%。to 意为“(表程度、范围)到，达”。根据句意可知，答案是 to。(8).【8】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：it）解析：解析：空格所在句大意为：如果提高生活在发展中国家且处
27、于贫困线以下的 6亿女孩的收入，这将会振兴世界经济。it 指代条件状语从句表达的内容。根据句意可知，答案是 it。(9).【9】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：more）解析：解析：空格所在句大意为：研究表明女人比男人更有可能支付家庭费用。more likely意为“更有可能”。根据句意可知，答案是 more。(10).【10】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：for）解析：解析：空格所在句大意为：研究表明女人比男人更有可能支付家庭费用。for 意为“为，为了”。根据句意可知，答案是 for。（中国矿业大学 2009年试题） Solving a p
28、roblem can be broken into several steps. First, the problem must be identified correctly. Psychologists refer【1】this step as problem representation. For many problems, figuring【2】which information is relevant and which is extraneous can be difficult and can interfere【3】arriving at a good solution. C
29、learly, before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious【4】the problem is, however, this is not as easy【5】it might seem. One obstacle to efficient problem representation is functional fixedness, that is, allowing preconceived notions and even prejudices to color the facts. Most people tend【6】see o
30、bjects and events in certain fixed ways, and by being inflexible in viewing the problem, they may be unable to notice the tools【7】the solution. Once the problem is identified accurately,【8】, the second step consists【9】considering the alternatives for a solution. A common way to evaluate alternatives
31、 is to write them【10】and then make a list【11】advantages and disadvantages for each solution. Here again, people may be limited by prior experiences. Often people adopt mental sets【12】lead them to the same problem-solving strategies that were successful for problems【13】the past. Although that can be
32、helpful most【14】the time, sometimes a new situation requires a different strategy.【15】that case, the mental set must be abandoned, and new alternatives must be explored.（分数：30.00）(1).【1】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：to）解析：解析：空格所在句子大意为：心理学家称这一步骤为问题表征。refer to sth是固定搭配，意为“指的是，谈论，参考，参照”。根据句意可知，答案是 to。(2)
33、.【2】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：out）解析：解析：空格所在句子大意为：对许多问题来说，弄清楚哪个是至关重要的，哪个是无关紧要的，这是很难的。figure out 固定搭配，意为“弄明白”。根据句意可知，答案是 out。(3).【3】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：with）解析：解析：空格所在句子大意为：并且不利于最终达成一个很好的解决方案。interferewith 固定搭配，意为“影响，干扰”。根据句意可知，答案是 with。(4).【4】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：what）解析：解析：空格所在句子大意
34、为：显而易见，在解决问题之前必须弄明白问题的来龙去脉。根据空格后的 the problem is，可知此处是一个宾语从句，缺少引导词。根据句意可知，答案是 what。(5).【5】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：as）解析：解析：空格所在句子大意为：这不像看起来那么容易。asas 意为“与一样”。根据句意可知，答案是 as。(6).【6】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：to）解析：解析：空格所在句子大意为：大部分人以一成不变的态度看问题。tend to do sth意为“趋向于做某事”。根据句意可知，答案是 to。(7).【7】（分数：2.00）
35、填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：for）解析：解析：空格所在句子大意为：因此他们无法找到解决问题的途径。空格前后是两个名词，此处缺少一个介词来连接。根据句意可知，答案是 for。(8).【8】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：however）解析：解析：空格所在句子大意为：然而，一旦将问题剖析得很准确的时候，第二步就该考虑解决方案了。根据上下句子的意思，可知此处需要一个转折连词。根据句意可知，答案是 however。(9).【9】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：of）解析：解析：空格所在句子大意为：然而，一旦将问题剖析得很准确的时候，第二步就
36、该考虑解决方案了。consist of固定搭配，意为“构成，组成”。根据句意可知，答案是 of。(10).【10】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：down）解析：解析：空格所在句子大意为：对一种备选方案进行评估，最常用的办法就是将其写在一张纸上，然后列出其优缺点。write down 固定搭配，意为“写下来，记下”。根据句意可知，答案是 down。(11).【11】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：of）解析：解析：空格所在句子大意为：对一种备选方案进行评估，最常用的办法就是将其写在一张纸上，然后列出其优缺点。a list of 固定搭配。根据句意
37、可知，答案是 of。(12).【12】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：that）解析：解析：空格所在句子大意为：人们常常采用心理定式来指引自己找到解决问题的同一个策略。心理定式在过去是有效的。空格前面的部分有主谓宾，空格后面的句子没有主语，由此可以看出此处需要一个引导词，定语从句的引导词。根据句意可知，答案是 that。(13).【13】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：in）解析：解析：空格所在句子大意为：人们常常采用心理定式来指引自己找到解决问题的同一个策略。心理定式在过去是有效的。in the past 固定搭配，意为“在过去”。根据句意可知
38、，答案是 in。(14).【14】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：of）解析：解析：空格所在句子大意为：虽然心理定式在多数情况下是起作用的，但是有时候，新情况要求新策略。most of the time 固定搭配，意为“大多数时间”。根据句意可知，答案是 of。(15).【15】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：In）解析：解析：空格所在句子大意为：如果出现新情况，必须放弃心理定式，去探寻新的解决方案。in that case固定搭配，意为“如果是那样的话”。根据句意可知，答案是 In。（浙江大学 2010年试题） The character of
39、 European education demands that the student develop【1】and social individuality. The American student is given a choice between relying on himself【2】on others. Scholastically, the fundamental difference is between the European lecture system and the American discussion system. The European system is
40、 both the strength and the limit of European education. The strength is the challenge【3】the student to rely on himself; the system imposes a limit because it is【4】and at times even cruelly, qualitative; only a few are able to survive. A second difference is the American campus, a term which has no【5
41、】in Europe. There, the campus is formed【6】by the various classrooms, faculty offices and laboratories. No extracurricular activities are carried on. The students and the professors go to the universities when they have classes and leave as soon as they are【7】. The European universities provide no so
42、cial life; on the【8】, it creates a social atmosphere. The student【9】never organizes campus activities; everything is left to the【10】of the individual students. In the【11】of these considerations, I think I can answer the challenge of that pretty coed, though my answer is bound to be incomplete. My【12
43、】to the American educational system are two. The first【13】American students. What【14】me most about them is their conformity and their fear of【15】. Perhaps campus life【16】by necessity to conformity. Almost every student belongs to at least two organizations. What is the【17】of this associative mania,【
44、18】not the basic desire to be supported by people who think【19】and sympathize with the same idea? Nobody likes being alone, but it seems to me that American students like【20】too much.（分数：40.00）(1).【1】（分数：2.00）A.intellectualB.intangibleC.inquisitiveD.ingenious 解析：解析：空格所在句子大意为：欧洲教育的特点是要求学生发展和社交个性。在给出的
45、选项中：intellectual“智力的”；intangible“模糊的，无形的”；inquisitive“好奇的”；ingenious“具有创造性的，多才的”。所以，正确答案是 D。(2).【2】（分数：2.00）A.and B.orC.fromD.with解析：解析：空格所在句子大意为：美国学生有选择依靠自己还是依靠别人的自由。本题考查介词搭配。在给出的选项中，只有 and可与 between连用。所以，正确答案是 A。(3).【3】（分数：2.00）A.ofB.toC.for D.with解析：解析：空格所在句子大意为：学生面临挑战时依靠自己是欧洲教育系统的优势。本题考查逻辑主语的介词搭
46、配用法，介词 for有这种用法。所以，正确答案是 C。(4).【4】（分数：2.00）A.strictly B.vigorouslyC.rigorousD.rigid解析：解析：空格所在句子大意为：欧洲教育系统强加了一种限制，因为其定性极为严格，甚至有时极其残酷：只有少数人可以通过。在给出的选项中：strictly“严格地”；vigorously“精力旺盛地”；rigorous“严格的，严厉的”； rigid“严格的，坚硬的”。分析该句子可知，空格与紧跟的副词cruelly共同修饰形容词 qualitative，故空格处宜用一个副词。结合句意可知正确答案是 A。(5).【5】（分数：2.00）
47、A.equationB.equivalent C.equatorD.equivalence解析：解析：空格所在句子大意为：第二个不同之处是美国的大学校园，这是欧洲所没有的。在给出的选项中：equation“方程”；equivalent“相等物，等价物”；equator“赤道”；equivalence“相等”。所以，正确答案是 B。(6).【6】（分数：2.00）A.exceptionallyB.exclusively C.extraordinarilyD.extensively解析：解析：空格所在句子大意为：欧洲的大学_由教室、办公室和实验室组成。下文又说很单调，没有任何课外活动。在给出的选项中：exce
