1、考博英语（完形填空）历年真题试卷汇编 1及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Cloze(总题数：3，分数：60.00)（复旦大学 2011年试题） A considerable amount of medical research is aimed at identifying risk factors for disease. The rationale behind this work is that where people are informed of their risk, they will happily change their behavior to l
2、ower that risk.【1】this is certainly a reasonable assumption, it turns out that things are not quite that simple and straightforward. First of all, health is not necessarily a top priority in everyones life and, for these people, changing behavior in the interests of health may interfere【2】other, mor
3、e important matters. Second, the benefits to be derived【3】such changes rarely are immediate or obvious. Usually, improvements in health take place over long periods of time and are quite subtle.【4】, we are all so bombarded with information about the thousands of health hazards to which we are expose
4、d【5】most of us “time out“ much of this information. This latter issue is compounded by the fact that much of new information to which we are exposed through the media is exaggerated and, as often as not, is contradicted later by even “newer“ information. For these and other reasons, simply knowing a
5、bout a risk does not necessarily ensure that people will take appropriate steps to【6】it. 【7】when people want to change their behavior, this is not easy to do. For example, the overwhelming majority of smokers in this country want to quit, but【8】great effort very few are able to do so. Most smokers a
6、cknowledge, at some level, that health hazards are associated with smoking and most wish that there were a simple and painless way to stop.【9】, the number of people who want to lose weight is very large, but few of these people are able to do it and even【10】are able to maintain such weight losses.（分
7、数：20.00）(1).【1】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).【2】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).【3】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).【4】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).【5】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(6).【6】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(7).【7】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(8).【8】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(9).【9】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(10).【10】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_（复旦大学 2010年试题） Business and government leaders consider the
8、inflation rate to be an important general indicator. Inflation is a period of increased spending that causes rapid rises in prices. When your money buys fewer goods so that you get【1】for the same amount of money as before, inflation is the problem. There is a general rise【2】the prices and services.
9、Your money buys less. Sometimes people describe inflation as a time when “a dollar is not worth a dollar anymore“. Inflation is a problem for all consumers. People who live on a fixed income are hurt the best. Retired people, for instance, can not count【3】an increase in income as prices rise. Elderl
10、y people who do not work face serious problems in stretching their incomes to【4】their needs in time of inflation. Retirement income or any fixed income usually does not rise as fast as prices. Many retired people must cut their spending to keep up with rising prices. In many cases they must stop【5】s
11、ome necessary items, such as food and clothing. Even for working people whose incomes are going up, inflation can be a problem. The cost of living goes【6】, too. People who work must have even more money to keep up their standard of living. Just buying the things they need costs more. When incomes do
12、 not keep pace with【7】prices, the standard of living goes down. People may be earning the same【8】of money, but they are not living as well because they are not able to buy as many goods and services. Government units gather information about prices in our economy and publish it as price indexes from
13、【9】the rate of change can be determined. A price index measures changes in prices using the price for a given year as the base. The base price is set at 100, and the other prices are reported as a percentage of the base price. A price index makes【10】possible to compare current prices of typical cons
14、umer goods, for example, with prices of the same goods in previous year.（分数：20.00）(1).【1】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).【2】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).【3】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).【4】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).【5】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(6).【6】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(7).【7】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(8).【8】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(9).【9】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(10).【10】（分
15、数：2.00）填空项 1:_（复旦大学 2009年试题） Here is a great irony of 21st-century global public health; While many hundreds of millions of people lack adequate food as a result of economic inequities, political corruption, or warfare, many hundreds of millions【1】are overweight to the point of increased risk for di
16、et-related chronic diseases. Obesity is a worldwide phenomenon, affecting children as well as adults and forcing all but the poorest countries to divert scarce resources【2】from food security to take care of people with preventable heart disease and diabetes. To reverse the obesity epidemic, we must
17、address fundamental causes. Overweight comes from consuming more food energy than【3】expended in activity. The cause of this imbalance also is ironic: improved prosperity. People use extra income to eat more and be less active. Market economies encourage this. They turn people with expendable income
18、into consumers of aggressively marketed foods that are high in energy but low in【4】value, and of cars, television sets, and computers that promote sedentary behavior. Gaining weight is good for business. Food is particularly big business because everyone eats. Moreover, food is so overproduced that
19、many countries, especially the rich ones, have far more than they need-【5】irony. In the United States, to take an extreme example, most adultsof all ages, incomes, educational levels, and census categoriesare overweight. The U. S. food supply provides 3,800 kilocalories per person per day, nearly tw
20、ice as much as required by many adults. Overabundant food forces companies to compete【6】sales through advertising, health claims, new products, larger portions, and campaigns【7】toward children. Food marketing promotes weight gain. Indeed, it is difficult to think【8】any major industry that might bene
21、fit if people ate less food; certainly【9】the agriculture, food product, grocery, restaurant, diet, or drug industries. All flourish when people eat more, and all employ armies of lobbyists to discourage governments from doing anything to inhibit【10】.（分数：20.00）(1).【1】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).【2】（分数：2.00）填
22、空项 1:_(3).【3】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).【4】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).【5】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(6).【6】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(7).【7】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(8).【8】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(9).【9】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(10).【10】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_考博英语（完形填空）历年真题试卷汇编 1答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Cloze(总题数：3，分数：60.00)（复旦大学 2011年试题） A considerable amount of
23、medical research is aimed at identifying risk factors for disease. The rationale behind this work is that where people are informed of their risk, they will happily change their behavior to lower that risk.【1】this is certainly a reasonable assumption, it turns out that things are not quite that simp
24、le and straightforward. First of all, health is not necessarily a top priority in everyones life and, for these people, changing behavior in the interests of health may interfere【2】other, more important matters. Second, the benefits to be derived【3】such changes rarely are immediate or obvious. Usual
25、ly, improvements in health take place over long periods of time and are quite subtle.【4】, we are all so bombarded with information about the thousands of health hazards to which we are exposed【5】most of us “time out“ much of this information. This latter issue is compounded by the fact that much of
26、new information to which we are exposed through the media is exaggerated and, as often as not, is contradicted later by even “newer“ information. For these and other reasons, simply knowing about a risk does not necessarily ensure that people will take appropriate steps to【6】it. 【7】when people want
27、to change their behavior, this is not easy to do. For example, the overwhelming majority of smokers in this country want to quit, but【8】great effort very few are able to do so. Most smokers acknowledge, at some level, that health hazards are associated with smoking and most wish that there were a si
28、mple and painless way to stop.【9】, the number of people who want to lose weight is very large, but few of these people are able to do it and even【10】are able to maintain such weight losses.（分数：20.00）(1).【1】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Although）解析：解析：空格所在句句意为：这是一个很简单的假设，事实证明，事情没有那么简单直接。前后两句为让步关系，故 Alt
29、hough为正确答案。(2).【2】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：with）解析：解析：本题考查固定搭配。interfere with 意为“干预，妨碍”，符合语境。因此 with为正确答案。(3).【3】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：from）解析：解析：本题考查固定搭配。derive from 意为“来源于”，符合语境。因此 from为正确答案。(4).【4】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Therefore）解析：解析：空格所在句句意为：我们被那么多有关健康风险的信息轰炸，以至于我们会不相信一些信息。空格处表结果
30、，因此 Therefore为正确答案。(5).【5】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：that）解析：解析：本题考查 sothat结构的用法。因此 that为正确答案。(6).【6】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：lower）解析：解析：空格所在句句意为：仅仅知道风险并不能确保人们会采取适当的措施去风险。根据上文中的“The rationale behind this work is that where people areinformed of their risk，they will happily change their behavior
31、 to lower that risk”可知，lower 为止确答案。(7).【7】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Even）解析：解析：空格所在句句意为：当人们想去改变行为时，也不容易做。因此 Even为正确答案。(8).【8】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：despite）解析：解析：此处是要表达“尽管他们很努力，但是极少有人能够做到”。因此 despite为正确答案。(9).【9】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Similarly）解析：解析：因为此处提到的减肥和上文中所讲的戒烟是两种相似的情形，故空格所在句句意为：
32、同理，想要减肥的人数很多，但是很少有人做到。空格处表转折，因此 Similarly为正确答案。(10).【10】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：less）解析：解析：空格所在句句意为；想要减肥的人数很多，但是很少有人做到，能够坚持减肥的人就更少了。因此 less为正确答案。（复旦大学 2010年试题） Business and government leaders consider the inflation rate to be an important general indicator. Inflation is a period of increased spe
33、nding that causes rapid rises in prices. When your money buys fewer goods so that you get【1】for the same amount of money as before, inflation is the problem. There is a general rise【2】the prices and services. Your money buys less. Sometimes people describe inflation as a time when “a dollar is not w
34、orth a dollar anymore“. Inflation is a problem for all consumers. People who live on a fixed income are hurt the best. Retired people, for instance, can not count【3】an increase in income as prices rise. Elderly people who do not work face serious problems in stretching their incomes to【4】their needs
35、 in time of inflation. Retirement income or any fixed income usually does not rise as fast as prices. Many retired people must cut their spending to keep up with rising prices. In many cases they must stop【5】some necessary items, such as food and clothing. Even for working people whose incomes are g
36、oing up, inflation can be a problem. The cost of living goes【6】, too. People who work must have even more money to keep up their standard of living. Just buying the things they need costs more. When incomes do not keep pace with【7】prices, the standard of living goes down. People may be earning the s
37、ame【8】of money, but they are not living as well because they are not able to buy as many goods and services. Government units gather information about prices in our economy and publish it as price indexes from【9】the rate of change can be determined. A price index measures changes in prices using the
38、 price for a given year as the base. The base price is set at 100, and the other prices are reported as a percentage of the base price. A price index makes【10】possible to compare current prices of typical consumer goods, for example, with prices of the same goods in previous year.（分数：20.00）(1).【1】（分
39、数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：less）解析：解析：本句上半句中有 fewer，说明这里需要一个对等意思的词，less 是 little的比较级形式，恰好与 fewer对等。另外第二空后面的那个句子“Your money buys less”也提供了更直接的线索。(2).【2】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：in）解析：解析：表达“在方面增长或减少”时，通常用 in与相应的名词搭配使用，另外，在本段第二句也有类似的表达方式：that causes rapid rises in prices。可见，这个空既是一个搭配问题，也有明确的上下文线索。(3)
40、.【3】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：on）解析：解析：这里需要的意思其实不是“依靠”，而是“期望”或“指望”，因为人们通常所“依靠”的是业已拥有的东西，而对退休的人来说，涨工资已不再可能成为现实。count on 是“期望”或“指望”的意思。(4).【4】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：meet）解析：解析：满足要求通常要用 meet，与其宾语 needs搭配。这是一个动宾搭配问题。(5).【5】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：buying）解析：解析：上一句说退休的人要减少开支，这句话指出，在某些情况下，他们甚至不得
41、不放弃购买一些生活必需品，stop 后接动名词表示“不再做某事”。这还是一个搭配问题。因而正确答案为购买buying。(6).【6】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：up）解析：解析：随着通货膨胀，生活成本会提高，go up 是“提高，上升”的意思。(7).【7】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：rising）解析：解析：如果收入跟不上上涨的物价，生活标准就会下降。此处填 rising，意思为“一直上涨的、上升的”，与前后文对应。(8).【8】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：amount）解析：解析：amount 的意思是“数
42、量”，用来形容 money，是固定搭配。此处与第一段的“the same amount of money”也相互对应。(9).【9】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：which）解析：解析：这里的意思是“(政府)根据(或参照)物价指数确定变动率”，所以，定语从句部分应该理解为：the rate of change can be determined by the government from priceindexes，可见，这是一个考查定语从句引导词的题目，此处 from后不能跟 that，只能跟 which。(10).【10】（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答
43、案：正确答案：it）解析：解析：it 此处是形式宾语，代替不定式 to compare current prices of typical consumergoods with prices of the same goods in previous years，句子自身的结构提供了线索。（复旦大学 2009年试题） Here is a great irony of 21st-century global public health; While many hundreds of millions of people lack adequate food as a result of econ
44、omic inequities, political corruption, or warfare, many hundreds of millions【1】are overweight to the point of increased risk for diet-related chronic diseases. Obesity is a worldwide phenomenon, affecting children as well as adults and forcing all but the poorest countries to divert scarce resources
45、【2】from food security to take care of people with preventable heart disease and diabetes. To reverse the obesity epidemic, we must address fundamental causes. Overweight comes from consuming more food energy than【3】expended in activity. The cause of this imbalance also is ironic: improved prosperity
46、. People use extra income to eat more and be less active. Market economies encourage this. They turn people with expendable income into consumers of aggressively marketed foods that are high in energy but low in【4】value, and of cars, television sets, and computers that promote sedentary behavior. Ga
47、ining weight is good for business. Food is particularly big business because everyone eats. Moreover, food is so overproduced that many countries, especially the rich ones, have far more than they need-【5】irony. In the United States, to take an extreme example, most adultsof all ages, incomes, educational levels, and census categories
