1、考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编 58 及答案解析(总分：50.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Structure and Vocabu(总题数：25，分数：50.00)1.To avoid an oil shortage more machines must _ solar energy.（分数：2.00）A.developB.introduceC.exerciseD.utilize2.There was a quick turnover of staff in the department as the manager treated his employees with_contempt
2、.(2005 年中国科学院考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.utterB.soleC.intimateD.corresponding3.They need to move to new and large apartments. Do you know of any _ones in this area?(2007 年清华大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.evacuatedB.emptyC.vacantD.vacate4.His compass proved_ to him when he was lost in unknown country.（分数：2.00）A.preciousB.pre
3、ciseC.valuableD.preferable5.With a wave of his hand, the magician made the duck _.(2005 年电子科技大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.scatterB.vanishC.abandonD.fly away6.His family watched until the plane _ behind the clouds.(2011 年南京大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.lostB.escapedC.fledD.vanished7.He is a man of a_ mood; he never finishe
4、s what he starts.（分数：2.00）A.differentB.variousC.distinctiveD.variable8.The weatherman broadcasts the _in temperature twice a day.（分数：2.00）A.diversionB.varietyC.variationD.modification9.The remarkable _ of life on the Galopagos Islands inspired Charles Darwin to establish his theory of evolution.（分数：
5、2.00）A.classificationB.diversionC.densityD.variety10.The goals and desires_ widely between men and women, between the rich and the poor.(2002 年上海交通大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.swingB.varyC.distinguishD.transfer11.Many animals are on the_of disappearing from the face of the earth and zoos can provide them with
6、a safe place to live and breed.(2013 年 10 月中国科学院考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.rangeB.vergeC.partD.link12.In some California housing estates, a key alone is insufficient to get someone in the door; his or her voiceprint must also be_. (中国科学院 2013 年 10 月试题)（分数：2.00）A.duplicatedB.perceivedC.acquiredD.verified13.The
7、old man was remarkably _. He was a musician, engineer, writer and philosopher.(2004 年上海理工大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.unilateralB.universalC.audaciousD.versatile14.The newspaper gave a very different _of what took place.（分数：2.00）A.amountB.versionC.varietyD.saying15.The minister is too much of a_ in the world o
8、f politics to care much about what his opponents say.（分数：2.00）A.seniorB.vetC.characterD.veteran16.A_ exercise such as running is helpful to our health.（分数：2.00）A.rigorousB.vigorousC.preciousD.continuous17.The United States incurs world-wide condemnation because it_ the international law of non-inter
9、ference in the internal affairs of other countries.（分数：2.00）A.violatesB.insultsC.abusesD.denies18.With the boss out sick, the bookkeeper is_in charge.（分数：2.00）A.reallyB.exactlyC.obviouslyD.virtually19.Scientists are_certain that there is a cancer-inhibiting agent in the blood of theshark.(2003 年 3 月
10、中国科学院考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.dubiouslyB.virtuallyC.queerlyD.randomly20.Melissa is a computer_ that destroyed files in computers and frustrated thousands of users around the world.(2004 年中国人民大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.geniusB.virusC.diseaseD.bacteria21.As the clouds drifted away an even higher peak became_to the clim
11、bers.（分数：2.00）A.obviousB.visibleC.presentD.apparent22.In the Americans minds, there are boundaries that other people are simply not supposed to cross. When the boundaries are crossed, Americans will_stiffen and their mariner will become cool.(2011 年南京师范大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.visiblyB.tragicallyC.uneasily
12、D.tremendously23.Three people_to help decorate the gym for the dance.（分数：2.00）A.inclinedB.rejectedC.volunteeredD.intended24.Some researchers feel that certain people have nervous systems particularly_ to hot, dry winds. They are what we call weather-sensitive people.(2005 年电子科技大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.subj
13、ectiveB.subordinateC.liableD.vulnerable25.This policy gave _ to private property and led to differences between the rich and the poor.(2002 年上海交通大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.lifeB.birthC.wayD.death考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编 58 答案解析(总分：50.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Structure and Vocabu(总题数：25，分数：50.00)1.To avoid an oil shortage mor
14、e machines must _ solar energy.（分数：2.00）A.developB.introduceC.exerciseD.utilize 解析：解析：utilize-ise vt利用，使用(如：Can you utilize a computer in your work? to utilize ones abilities in a suitable job)。develop vt.开发，研制；发展，形成。introduce vt引进，传入；介绍。exercise vt运用，行使(权力、影响、耐心、谨慎等)。2.There was a quick turnover of
15、 staff in the department as the manager treated his employees with_contempt.(2005 年中国科学院考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.utter B.soleC.intimateD.corresponding解析：解析：本题空格处是说“经理以完全蔑视的态度来对待他的员工”。A 项“utter 全然的，绝对的”符合题意，如：What he is doing is utter stupidity!(他正在做的是完全愚蠢的事!)其他三项“sole单独的，唯一的：intimate 亲密的，隐私的：corresponding 相应
16、的，通信的”都不正确。3.They need to move to new and large apartments. Do you know of any _ones in this area?(2007 年清华大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.evacuatedB.emptyC.vacant D.vacate解析：解析：四个选项的意思分别是：evacuated 撤退者的；empty 空的，指里面什么东西都没有，如：The ease is empty(这是个空箱子。)；vacant 空闲的，指地方没有被占用；vacate 是动词，表示“腾出，空出”。题目问“这个区域有没有空闲的公寓”，所以
17、正确答案是 C 选项。4.His compass proved_ to him when he was lost in unknown country.（分数：2.00）A.preciousB.preciseC.valuable D.preferable解析：解析：valuable a.宝贵的；贵重的，有价值的。precious a.珍贵的，贵重的。precise a精确的，准确的。preferable(to)a.更可取的，更好的，更合意的。5.With a wave of his hand, the magician made the duck _.(2005 年电子科技大学考博试题)（分数
18、：2.00）A.scatterB.vanish C.abandonD.fly away解析：解析：本题空格处是说“魔术师使鸭子消失了”。B 项“vanish 消失，突然不见”符合题意。其他三项“scatter 分散，散开，撒开，驱散；abandon 放弃，遗弃；fly away 飞走”都不正确。6.His family watched until the plane _ behind the clouds.(2011 年南京大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.lostB.escapedC.fledD.vanished 解析：解析：各选项的意思是：lost 遗失，失败；escaped 逃脱，逃跑
19、，漏出；fled 逃走；vanished 消失，突然不见。根据句意可知，答案是 D。7.He is a man of a_ mood; he never finishes what he starts.（分数：2.00）A.differentB.variousC.distinctiveD.variable 解析：解析：variable a.易变的，反复不定的；可变的，变量的。different(from)a.不同的。various a.各种不同的，多种多样的。distinctive a.明显不同的，特别的，突出的。8.The weatherman broadcasts the _in temp
20、erature twice a day.（分数：2.00）A.diversionB.varietyC.variation D.modification解析：解析：variation n.变化，变动；(生物的)变种，变异。diversion n.转移，转向：(修路时的)临时支路。variety n变化，多样化；种种，多种多样；品种，变种。modification n.修改；修改之处。9.The remarkable _ of life on the Galopagos Islands inspired Charles Darwin to establish his theory of evolu
21、tion.（分数：2.00）A.classificationB.diversionC.densityD.variety 解析：解析：variety n.多样性，种种，多种多样；变化，多样化；品种，变种(a variety of 各种各样的，多种多样的)。classification n分级，分类。diversion n转移，转向：临时支路。density n.密集，稠密；密度。10.The goals and desires_ widely between men and women, between the rich and the poor.(2002 年上海交通大学考博试题)（分数：2.
22、00）A.swingB.vary C.distinguishD.transfer解析：解析：本题空格处是说很大差异。B 项“vary 变化，不同，有差异(主语多为物)”符合题意。如：The weather varies from day today.(天气一天天变化。)其他三项“swing 摇摆；distinguish 区别，辨认(主语多为人)；transfer 转移”都不正确。11.Many animals are on the_of disappearing from the face of the earth and zoos can provide them with a safe p
23、lace to live and breed.(2013 年 10 月中国科学院考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.rangeB.verge C.partD.link解析：解析：A 项“range”意为“山脉，排、行、走向”；B 项“verge”意为“边，边沿，边缘”；C项“part”意为“一部分，组成部分”；D 项“link”意为“连接，纽带”，句意是许多动物濒临灭绝，因此选择 B 项。12.In some California housing estates, a key alone is insufficient to get someone in the door; his or her
24、voiceprint must also be_. (中国科学院 2013 年 10 月试题)（分数：2.00）A.duplicatedB.perceivedC.acquiredD.verified 解析：解析：A 项“duplicate”意为“复制”；B 项“perceive”意为“感知，感受”：C 项“acquire”意为“取得，获得”；D 项“verify”意为“证明、证实，核实、查清”，本句是说需要验证他们的声音，因此选择 D 项。13.The old man was remarkably _. He was a musician, engineer, writer and philo
25、sopher.(2004 年上海理工大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.unilateralB.universalC.audaciousD.versatile 解析：解析：本题前半句是说这位老人非常的多才多艺。D 项的“versatile 多才多艺的”符合题意。其他三项“unilateral 单边的；universal 普遍的；audacious 大胆创新的，鲁莽的”都不正确。14.The newspaper gave a very different _of what took place.（分数：2.00）A.amountB.version C.varietyD.saying解析：解析：v
26、ersion n(对故事的)说法，描绘：版本，译本，改写本。amount n.数量，数额，总数。variety n种种，多种多样(a variety of)；变化，多样化；品种，变种。saying n俗话，成语；格言，口头禅。15.The minister is too much of a_ in the world of politics to care much about what his opponents say.（分数：2.00）A.seniorB.vetC.characterD.veteran 解析：解析：veteran n.老手，老兵，老资格。16.A_ exercise su
27、ch as running is helpful to our health.（分数：2.00）A.rigorousB.vigorous C.preciousD.continuous解析：解析：vigorous a.有力的，用力的；精力：充沛的。17.The United States incurs world-wide condemnation because it_ the international law of non-interference in the internal affairs of other countries.（分数：2.00）A.violates B.insult
28、sC.abusesD.denies解析：解析：violate vt违反，违背，违犯。insult vt.侮辱，辱骂。abuse vt辱骂；滥用(权力)。deny vt否定，否认。18.With the boss out sick, the bookkeeper is_in charge.（分数：2.00）A.reallyB.exactlyC.obviouslyD.virtually 解析：解析：virtually ad.实际上，事实上(虽然不是名义上)。exactly ad.确切地，准确地。obviously ad.显然地，明显地。19.Scientists are_certain that
29、there is a cancer-inhibiting agent in the blood of theshark.(2003 年 3 月中国科学院考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.dubiouslyB.virtually C.queerlyD.randomly解析：解析：本题空格处是说几乎确信无疑。B 项“virtually 几乎，事实上，实际上”符合题意。其他三项“dubiously 怀疑地；queerly 奇怪地；randomly 随机地，无目的地”在语义上都无法与 certain 搭配。20.Melissa is a computer_ that destroyed files in
30、 computers and frustrated thousands of users around the world.(2004 年中国人民大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.geniusB.virus C.diseaseD.bacteria解析：解析：本题空格处讲的是 Melissa 是一种电脑病毒。computer virus 的意思是“电脑病毒”：genius 的意思是“天才、天赋”；disease 的意思是“疾病”：bacteria 的意思是“细菌”。只有 B 项答案题意。21.As the clouds drifted away an even higher peak beca
31、me_to the climbers.（分数：2.00）A.obviousB.visible C.presentD.apparent解析：解析：visible(to sb)a看得见的，可见的，有形的。obvious a显然的，明显的。present a出席的，到场的(作表语或后置定语)；现在的，目前的(作定语)。apparent a显然的，明明白白的：表面上的，貌似(真实)的。22.In the Americans minds, there are boundaries that other people are simply not supposed to cross. When the b
32、oundaries are crossed, Americans will_stiffen and their mariner will become cool.(2011 年南京师范大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.visibly B.tragicallyC.uneasilyD.tremendously解析：解析：句子的大意为：在美国人的心目中，有其他人根本不得跨跃的边界。当有人越过界限，美国人将会变得明显冷酷无情。A 项 visibly“明显地”；B 项 tragically“悲惨地”：C 项 uneasily“不安地”：D 项 tremendously“大大地”。A 最合理，所以 A
33、项符合题意。23.Three people_to help decorate the gym for the dance.（分数：2.00）A.inclinedB.rejectedC.volunteered D.intended解析：解析：volunteer v.自愿(做)；自愿提供。24.Some researchers feel that certain people have nervous systems particularly_ to hot, dry winds. They are what we call weather-sensitive people.(2005 年电子科技
34、大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.subjectiveB.subordinateC.liableD.vulnerable 解析：解析：本题中，D 项“vulnerable 易受攻击的，易受的攻击”符合题意。其他三项“subjective 主观的，个人的；subordinate 次要的，从属的，下级的；liable 有责任的，有义务的，易的”都不正确。25.This policy gave _ to private property and led to differences between the rich and the poor.(2002 年上海交通大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.lifeB.birthC.way D.death解析：解析：本题空格处是说“承认私人财产”。give way to 的意思是“让步，承认”；give birth to 的意思是“产生”，因此 C 项符合题意。
