1、2012 年 4 月全国自考（英语词汇学）真题试卷及答案与解析一、单项选择题1 Words of the basic word stock denote the most common things and phenomena of the world around us. Which of the following words is related to the natural phenomena? ( )（A）Father.（B） Fire.（C） Evil.（D）Old.2 The differences between sound and form are due to the fo
2、llowing EXCEPT_. ( )（A）the fact of more phonemes than letters in English（B） stabilization of spelling by printing（C） influence of the work of scribes（D）innovations made by linguists3 There are _ functional words in the following sentence: It is fun to play with children. ( )（A）3（B） 4（C） 5（D）64 The s
3、urviving languages fall into eight principal groups. Balto-Slavic, Indo-Iranian, Armenian and Albanian belong to the _set. ( )（A）Eastern（B） Southern（C） Western（D）Northern5 With the growth of_, British tentacles began stretching out to every corner of the globe, thus enabling English to absorb words
4、from all major languages of the world. ( )（A）civilization（B） revolution（C） colonization（D）industrialization6 Which of the following statements is NOT true? ( )（A）English is more closely related to German than French.（B） Scandinavian languages refer to Icelandic, Norwegian, Danish and Swedish.（C） Old
5、 English vocabulary was in essence Germanic with a small quantity of words borrowed from Latin and Scandinavian.（D）Middle English absorbed a tremendous number of foreign words but with little change in word endings.7 The word “recollection“ comprises_morpheme(s). ( )（A）1（B） 2（C） 3（D）48 The following
6、 words have inflectional affixes EXCEPT _. ( )（A）happier（B） worker（C） harder（D）taller9 Which of the following words is a root? ( )（A）International.（B） Nation.（C） National.（D）Internationalists.10 The expansion of vocabulary in modern English depends chiefly on_. ( )（A）borrowing（B） semantic change（C）
7、word-formation（D）reviving archaic words11 The word “brainstorming“ belongs to_. ( )（A）adjective compounds（B） noun compounds（C） verb compounds（D）adverb compounds12 _ does not generally change the word-class of the stem but only modifies its meaning. ( )（A）Prefixation（B） Suffixation（C） Affixation（D）De
8、rivation13 A word is the combination of form and_. ( )（A）spelling（B） pronunciation（C） meaning（D）sound14 _is the result of human cognition, reflecting the objective world in the human mind. ( )（A）Reference（B） Concept（C） Sense（D）Motivation15 The meaning given in the dictionary and forming the core of
9、word-meaning is_. ( )（A）grammatical meaning（B） lexical meaning（C） conceptual meaning（D）associative meaning16 The opposite of semantic elevation in meaning change is called_. ( )（A）derivation（B） deterioration（C） purification（D）pejoration17 One of the interesting features about a language is that ther
10、e are a great many more_ than_ in it. ( )（A）hyponymshomonyms（B） homonymshyponyms（C） synonymsantonyms（D）antonymssynonyms18 Relative synonyms also called_are similar or nearly the same in denotation, but embrace different degrees of a given quality. ( )（A）close-synonyms（B） respondent-synonyms（C） near-
11、synonyms（D）dependent-synonyms19 Angel, martyr and paradise have their meanings_ because of the influence of Christianity. ( )（A）elevated（B） degraded（C） narrowed（D）extended20 Word-meaning changes by modes of extension, narrowing, degradation, elevation and_. ( )（A）sense（B） reference（C） association（D）
12、transfer21 The well-known semanticist Ullmann notes, “language is more_than civilization, material as well as moral. “ ( )（A）creative（B） conservative（C） radical（D）constructive22 Which of the following is NOT one of the types of context? ( )（A）Linguistic context.（B） Non-linguistic context.（C） Extra-l
13、inguistic context.（D）Intra-linguistic context.23 Which of the following may NOT lead to ambiguity? ( )（A）Grammatical structure.（B） Polysemy.（C） Antonymy.（D）Hyponymy.24 Which of the following is NOT true about linguistic context? ( )（A）It can be subdivided into grammatical context and lexical context
14、.（B） It embraces the people, time and place.（C） It refers to the words, clauses, sentences in which a word appears.（D）It may cover a paragraph, a whole chapter and even the entire book.25 25.The idiom “live by ones pen“ is a_as far as figures of speech are concerned. ( )（A）simile（B） metaphor（C） meto
15、nymy（D）personification26 “Cut and dried“ is an idiom_in nature. ( )（A）verbal（B） nominal（C） adjectival（D）adverbial27 The change of idiom “A round peg in the squarest of holes“ from the original form is_. ( )（A）dismembering（B） position-shifting（C） addition（D）shortening28 According to the textbook, the
16、 best-known unabridged dictionary is_. ( )（A）The Word Book Dictionary（B） The Encyclopedia Americana（C） Websters New World Dictionary（D）Websters Third New International Dictionary29 Which of the following dictionaries is NOT a bilingual dictionary? ( )（A）Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary of Current
17、 English with Chinese Translation.（B） A New English-Chinese Dictionary.（C） Longman Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs.（D）A Chinese-English Dictionary (1995).30 Which of the following is true about an American Dictionary? ( )（A）It is always better than a British dictionary.（B） It contains more encyclopedic
18、information in the main body.（C） One can never expect to find British usages in it.（D）It includes more grammatical information.二、填空题31 A word is a _ form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.32 In the Middle English period, the Norman Conquest started a continual f
19、low of_words into English.33 The basic form of a word which cannot be further analyzed without total loss of identity is called a_.34 The method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes is called_.35 Words such as “vicious, tyrant, determined, famous, notorious“ usually indicate the speak
20、ers attitude towards the person or thing in question. They have_meaning in themselves.36 A word which is related to other words is related to them in_.37 Car which used to be a “two-wheel cart drawn by horses and used in_“ has taken on the meaning “automobile“ with the development of modern car indu
21、stry.38 In the sentence “Copernicus believed in a heliocentric universe, rather than in the geocentric theory.“, the word “heliocentric“ is explained by the clue of_structure.39 Due to structural_of idioms, the word order of the idiom “by twos and threes“ cannot be turned into “by threes and twos“.4
22、0 Against the traditional practice of lexicography, _ creates an extra column arranged alongside the definitions.三、名词解释41 archaisms42 stem43 grammatical meanings44 amelioration45 rhetoric characteristics of idioms四、简答题46 What are the three periods in view of the development of English vocabulary?47
23、What is the difference between partial and full conversion? Explain them with examples.48 The word “happy“ has two different types of antonyms at the same time, one being negative and the other opposite. What are they?49 Can you determine the meanings of the following sentences? Explain and make som
24、e alterations in the context so as to pin down the meaning. (a) The fish is ready to eat. (b) I like Mary better than Jean.五、论述题50 Comment on the following groups of words to illustrate semantic features and grammatical features of compounds. Group 1 “a green hand“, “flowerpot“ Group 2 “bad-mouth“,
25、“new-borns“51 Analyze and comment on the following sentences based on the concept that antonyms differ in semantic inclusion. A How tall is his sister? B How short is his sister?2012 年 4 月全国自考（英语词汇学）真题试卷答案与解析一、单项选择题1 【正确答案】 B2 【正确答案】 D3 【正确答案】 A4 【正确答案】 A5 【正确答案】 C6 【正确答案】 D7 【正确答案】 C8 【正确答案】 B9 【正确
26、答案】 B10 【正确答案】 C11 【正确答案】 B12 【正确答案】 A13 【正确答案】 C14 【正确答案】 B15 【正确答案】 C16 【正确答案】 D17 【正确答案】 C18 【正确答案】 C19 【正确答案】 A20 【正确答案】 D21 【正确答案】 B22 【正确答案】 D23 【正确答案】 D24 【正确答案】 B25 【正确答案】 C26 【正确答案】 C27 【正确答案】 A28 【正确答案】 D29 【正确答案】 C30 【正确答案】 B二、填空题31 【正确答案】 free32 【正确答案】 French33 【正确答案】 root34 【正确答案】 back-
27、formation35 【正确答案】 affective 36 【正确答案】 sense37 【正确答案】 war38 【正确答案】 word39 【正确答案】 stability40 【正确答案】 CCELD三、名词解释41 【正确答案】 Archaisms are words or forms that were once in common use but are now restricted only to specialized or limited use. 42 【正确答案】 A stem can be defined as a form to which affixes of
28、any kind can be added. 43 【正确答案】 Grammatical meaning refers to that part of the meaning of the word which indicates grammatical concept or relationships such as part of speech of words, singular and plural meaning of nouns, tense meaning of verbs and their inflectional forms. 44 【正确答案】 Elevation or
29、amelioration refers to the process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance. 45 【正确答案】 Apart from the stylistic features, idioms manifest apparent rhetorical colouring in such respects as of phonetic manipulation, lexical manipulation and figures of speech. 四、简答题46 【正确答案
30、】 The three periods of the development of English vocabulary are (l)Old English, which is the language used between 450 and 1150 and which has a vocabulary of 50, 000 60, OOOwords; (2) Middle English, which refers to the language spoken from 1150 to 1500; (3)Modern English, which is divided by early
31、 modern English (1500 1700) and late modern English(1700 up to now).47 【正确答案】 When adjectives are converted into nouns, some are completely changed, thus known as full conversion, and others are partially changed, thus known as partial conversion. Adjectives which are fully converted can achieve a f
32、ull noun status, e. g. , having all the characteristics of nouns, that is, they can take “a/an“ or “-s/-es“ to indicate singular or plural forms: a native, a Republican, a pair of shoes, finals. Adjectives which are partially converted can still keep adjective features. They should always be used wi
33、th “the“, and they cannot take “-s/-es“ to show plural forms. Moreover, the words can have comparative or superlative degrees: the poor, the poorer, the young, the very unfortunate.48 【正确答案】 Of the two antonyms of the word “happy“, the negative one is “unhappy“, the opposite one is “sad“. 49 【正确答案】
34、Yes. On a grammatical basis, both sentences can have two interpretations. The first sentence may mean “ The fish is cooked or served, so ready for people to eat“ or “The fish is ready to eat things“. However, in the context of “What a nice smell! The fish is ready to eat“, “fish“ definitely means th
35、e former. To achieve clarity, we can say “The fish is ready to be eaten“. The second sentence can be regarded as an elliptical one, which gives rise to ambiguity:“I like Mary better than I like Jean“ or “I like Mary better than Jean likes Mary“. To achieve clarity, we can either say “I like Mary bet
36、ter than Jean does“ or “I like Mary better than I do Jean“ or “I like Mary better as Jean is untidy“, etc. 五、论述题50 【正确答案】 Compounds are different from free phrases in semantic unity. Every compound should express a single idea just as one word. For instance, “a green hand“ is an “inexperienced perso
37、n“, not a hand that is green in colour. The meaning of such example cannot be easily inferred from the two components of the compound.Nevertheless, a lot of compounds are transparent, that is, the meaning can be inferred from the separate elements of compounds. The compound “flowerpot“ can be an exa
38、mple. But the two elements are inseparable and the change of element will result in the loss of original identity. A compound tends to play a single grammatical role in a sentence, for example, a verb, a noun, or an adjective. “Bad-mouth“ used as a verb can take the third person singular “-s“and the
39、 past tense marker “-ed“, e. g. ,“He bad-mouthed me. “ Compounds can show their plural forms by taking inflectional “-s“ at the end, e. g. , “new-borns“. Of course, there are exceptions such as brothers-in-law, lookers-on. In spite of this their single grammatical role is apparent.51 【正确答案】 Pairs of
40、 antonyms are seen as marked and unmarked terms respectively. In many pairs, we find that one member is more specific than the other and the meaning of the specific is included in that of the general.So far as the meaning is concerned, sentence A includes the meaning of B. The use of “tall“ does not exclude the possibility of “his sister being very short“. But sentence B is much more restricted in sense and is considered semantically abnormal unless the speaker is particularly interested in how short his sister is.
