1、全国自考（英语词汇学）模拟试卷 6 及答案与解析一、单项选择题1 Some words in the basic word stock are said to be stable because they_. ( )（A）are complex words（B） are technical words（C） refer to the commonest things in life（D）denote the most important concepts2 “Im sure that they will come today. “ There are_content words in the
2、above sentence. ( )（A）2（B） 3（C） 4（D）53 When the English word “fresh“ means “impertinent, sassy, cheeky“ under the influence of the German word “frech“, we say “fresh“ is_. ( )（A）an alien（B） a semantic-loan（C） a denizen（D）a translation-loan4 As a basic word, “father“ is borrowed from_. ( )（A）Scandina
3、vian（B） Greek（C） French（D）Latin5 English Renaissance brought over 10000 new words from_ and_into English language. ( )（A）Latin; Greek（B） Latin; French（C） French; German（D）Greek; French6 It seems to be generally agreed that a_is the smallest unit of a language that stands alone to communicate meaning
4、. ( )（A）morpheme（B） word（C） morph（D）allomorph7 The popular method of classifying English morphemes is to group them into_morphemes and_morphemes. ( )（A）derivational; inflectional（B） free; bound（C） free; inflectional（D）root; bound8 In “went“ we find_morphemes, and in “classrooms“ _ roots. ( )（A）two;
5、two（B） one; two（C） one; three（D）two; three9 Much of this early excitement and expectation was met with successive breakthroughs in scientific research on plant gene transfer methods, identification of valuable genes, and the eventual performance of transgenic crops. How is the underlined word formed
6、? ( )（A）Compounding.（B） Blending.（C） Back-formation. “（D）Prefixation.10 “Sit-in“ belongs to_. ( )（A）adjective compound（B） noun compound（C） verb compound（D）none of the above11 _are mostly used in writing related to science and technology, and to newspapers and magazines. ( )（A）Words from back-formati
7、on（B） Acronyms（C） Blends（D）Clipped words12 Which of the following statements is not true? ( )（A）Reference is the relationship between language and the world.（B） The relationship between a word and its referent is arbitrary.（C） Concept is universal to all men alike.（D）Sense denotes the relationships
8、outside the language.13 Words like miaow and ping-pong are_motivated. ( )（A）onomatopoeically（B） morphologically（C） semantically（D）etymologically14 The word “nose“ in the phrase “the nose of the plane“ is related to_. ( )（A）onomatopoeic motivation（B） semantic motivation（C） morphological motivation（D）
9、etymological motivation15 The later meanings added to the first meaning of the word are called_meanings. ( )（A）lexical（B） conceptual（C） secondary（D）derived16 Which of the following are perfect homonyms? ( )（A）Bear(n.)/ Bear(v.).（B） Are(v.)/R.（C） Bow(n.)/ Bow(v.).（D）Sow(w.)/ Sow(n.).17 The two featur
10、es of contradictory terms are _ and _ . ( )（A）mutually exclusive; non-gradable（B） inclusive; exchangeable（C） relative; interdependent（D）relational; interdependent18 The meaning of “meat“ changed from “food“ to “flesh of animals“ by mode of_ ( )（A）extension（B） narrowing（C） elevation（D）degradation19 T
11、he original meaning of “shrewd“ is “evil“ or “wickedness“ while modern meaning is “clever“ , this belongs to_of word-meaning. ( )（A）degradation（B） elevation（C） extension（D）narrowing20 Quite a number of words that denote different sorts of working people or their occupations have acquired_senses. ( )
12、（A）non-affective（B） appreciative（C） affective（D）pejorative21 Grammatical context refers to_ in which a word is used. ( )（A）vocabulary（B） grammar（C） semantic pattern（D）syntactic structure22 In the sentence, “Its just one more incredible result of the development of microprocessorsthose tiny parts of
13、a computer commonly known as silicon chips. “, the hint for the meaning of microprocessors is ( )（A）explanation（B） word structure（C） definition（D）both A and B23 As the fighting on all fronts reached its peak, the economy neared its nadir. In the sentence,_is applied. ( )（A）antonymy（B） hyponymy（C） sy
14、nonymy（D）word structure24 An idiom contains at least_words. ( )（A）one（B） two（C） three（D）four25 In nothing flat as an idiom is_in nature. ( )（A）verbal（B） nominal（C） adjectival（D）adverbial26 “From head to foot“ has_rhetorical colouring. ( )（A）rhyme（B） alliteration（C） reiteration（D）juxtaposition27 In t
15、he idiom “in good feather“, we change “good“ into “high, full“ without changing meaning. This change of constituent is known as_ ( )（A）addition（B） replacement（C） position-shifting（D）variation28 Among all the unabridged dictionary,_is appropriate for Chinese readers. ( )（A）Websters Third New Internat
16、ional Dictionary（B） The Word Book Dictionary（C） The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology（D）The Encyclopedia Britannica29 _is noted for its elaborate grammar information. ( )（A）LDCE（B） CCELD（C） ALD（D）All the above30 A Chinese-English Dictionary was first published in the year_. ( )（A）1974（B） 1976（C
17、） 1978（D）1980二、填空题31 From a_point of view, words can be studied at a point in time, disregarding whatever changes might be taking place.32 As the invading tribes took over and settled in Britain, the Celtic languages gradually33 Most morpheme are realized by single morphs like bird, tree, green, sad
18、, want, etc. Words of this kind are called words.34 The open_are the same in form as free phrases.35 A word is the_of form and meaning.36 Collocative meaning consists of the associations a word acquires in its_.37 The vocabulary of a language is in constant change; old items drop out, new items come
19、 in, and as the new replace the old, so the internal_of the whole set alter.38 Observation shows that it is much more common for word meanings to change in from neutral to pejorative than it is for them to go the other way.39 The semantic unity of idioms is reflected in_ relationship between the lit
20、eral meaning of each word and the meaning of the idiom.40 Dictionaries are closely related to_, which explains why we make a general survey of English dictionaries in this course.三、名词解释41 native words42 derivational affixes43 morphological motivation44 elevation45 sentence idioms四、简答题46 How do you d
21、istinguish inflectional affixes and derivational affixes?47 Explain the difference between reference and sense.48 What are the extra-linguistic factors that cause changes in meaning?49 What are the differences between linguistic dictionaries and encyclopedic dictionaries?五、论述题50 (l)Women are flowers
22、. (2)Women are tigers. Study the above sentences. Analyze “women“s grammatical meaning, conceptual meaning and connotative meaning in each sentence.51 Comment on the sentence:“structural stability of idioms is absolutely unchangeable“ and explain the reasons.全国自考（英语词汇学）模拟试卷 6 答案与解析一、单项选择题1 【正确答案】 C【
23、试题解析】 As they denote the commonest things necessary to life，they arelikely to remain unchanged基本词汇指代的是日常生活中最常见的事物，所以最有可能保持稳定不变。2 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 题干译文：句子“Im sure that they will come today”中有几个实义词?词汇可以根据有无实义分为实义词和功能词。实义词表示明确的概念，包括名词、动词、形容词、副词和数词，表示事物、现象、行为、特质、状态、程度、数量等。earth(地球)，cloud( 云)，run(跑)，walk(散
24、步)，bright(明亮)，dark(黑暗)，never(从不) ，frequently(经常)，five( 五)，December(十二月)等都是实义词。本题的句子中“I，sure，they，come，today”是实义词。3 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 Semantic-loans are not borrowed with reference to the form，buttheir meanings are borrowed借义词是只借义不借形的单词，即英语利用现有词的形式赋予其新的外来语含义，fresh 借用了德语 frech 的意义，但形式没变，所以 fresh 在这里是借义词。
25、4 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 古英语时期，由于北欧海盗的入侵，许多斯堪的纳维亚语的词汇进入到英语中。但这些借词并没有引进新思想、新事物，它们都是英语中已有的术语和说法，大多是 El 常词汇，因为斯堪的纳维亚入侵者也像盎格鲁一撒克逊人一样都是日耳曼民族，许多词都是相同的，如：father(父亲)，husband(丈夫)，house(房屋)，life(生活)，man(男人)，mother( 妈妈)，summer( 夏天)，winter( 冬天)等。5 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 从 16 世纪到 18 世纪，许多作家尝试借词，于是有 10000 多新词汇进入到了英语中，其中有许多词是学者们从
26、拉丁语和希腊语借来以取代早期从法语中借来的词汇。6 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 大家似乎默认词是能够独立存在且能表达意义的最小语言单位。然而从结构上来说，词并不是最小的单位，因为许多词仍然可以分成甚至更小的意义单位。本题中说的是 It seems to be generally agreed(看起来大家好像默认)。7 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 划分词素的方式有多种，但最普遍的方法是将其分为粘着词素和独立词素(bound morpheme and free morpheme)。8 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 词素是最小的有意义的单位。题中 went 是 go 的过去式，因此went 包含
27、两个词素，一个是动词 go(去)本身，另一个是过去式标志一 ed，只因 go的过去式是不规则变化，不加一 ed，所以较为隐蔽。词根(root)即为不能再进一步分析而又不损害本身意义的词的基本形式。可见 classrooms 包含三个词根，即class，room，classroom。9 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 题干译文：有关植物基因转变方法、基因识别和最终的杂交水稻的科学研究的突破给人们带来了惊喜和希望。请说出划线单词的构词法。transgenic(杂交)来自 trans(横贯；超载；变化)+genic(基因的)，属于前缀词。10 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 sitin 是由动词 sit
28、+副词 in 构成的复合名词，意为“静坐罢工，静坐示威”。11 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 主要用于科技文章和报纸杂志文章的写作的是哪种构词?词的构成有以下几种方法：affixation(词缀法)，compounding( 复合法)，conversion( 转类法)，blending(拼缀法 )，clipping(截短法)，acronymy( 首字母拼音法 )，back formation(逆生法)，words from proper names(专用名词转化而来的普通名词)。其中，拼缀法主要用于科技文章、报纸杂志文章的写作，是一个非常具有多产性的方法。12 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 R
29、eference is the relationship between language and the worldThe reference of a word to a thing outside the language is arbitrary andconventional也就是说它们之间的关系是任意的和约定俗成的，所以 A、B 项都正确。同时 Concept，which is beyond language，is the resultof human cognition，reflecting the obj ective world in the human mindItis u
30、niversal to all men alike regardless of culture，race，language and soon所以 C 项正确。Unlike references，sense denotes the relationshipsinside the language，而不是 outside。13 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 题干译文：miaow 和 pingpong 这两个词属于什么理据的词?miaow(喵喵地叫 )，通过模仿猫叫的声音创造的。ping pong(乒乓声)，通过模仿打乒乓球的声音创造的。因此这两个词都是拟声理据，即 onomatopoeic mot
31、ivation。14 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 semantic motivation refers to the mental associations suggestedby the conceptual meaning of a word语义理据是指由词的概念意义所暗示的联想意义，这种理据解释词的字面意义与比喻意义之间的联系。本题所述属于语义理据(semantic motivation)。15 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 These later meanings are called derived meanings as they are allderived from the
32、primary meaning这些后来获得的意义叫派生意义，因为它们都是从原始意义中派生出来的。16 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 B 项中 are 和 R 同音，不同形不同义。 C 项中两个词同形，不同音不同义。D 项中两个词同形，不同音不同义。17 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 题干译文：互为矛盾的反义词的两个特征是什么?互为矛盾的反义词是真正意义上的反义词，语义之间互不包容，肯定一方就是否定另一方，没有其他可能性。换句话说，如果一对反义词中的一个是真，另一个就不能是真。比如，一个动物不是 dead(死)就是 alive(活) ，不可能既死又活。虽然我们可以用比喻的手法说一个人还活着，但从
33、严格意义上讲，他实际上已经死了。这类反义词还有presentabsent(出席缺席)，male female( 男女 )，boygirl(男孩女孩)，truefalse( 真假)，samedifferent( 同异)等等；另一明显特点是没有级别性，不能用于比较级，也不能用程度副词 very(很)修饰。比如 singlemarried(单身已婚)。如果一个人是 single，他她就不是 married，不能说他她很 single 或更single，或极 single。18 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 Meat originally means“food”and now means“flesh
34、of animals”肉的原义是“食物”而现义为“动物的肉”，可见词义缩小了。19 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 词义的升格是指原来表示低微意义的词转而成为表示重要意义的词的词义演变过程。有些词原先表示低贱的意义，但随着时间的推移，转而表示褒扬的意义。本题中“shrewd”一词的词义由贬义转为褒义，属于词义的升格。20 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 词汇意义的变化有好多原因。其中一种为阶级原因。比如题干中“有相当一部分词原本指代工人阶级或他们的工作，后来都带有贬义的色彩”，原因是在贵族眼中，工人阶级是无知的、愚昧的、行为粗犷、没有受过教育的。21 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 题干译文：语法语
35、境是指一个词的意义可能受到什么的影响?In some cases，the meanings of a word may be influenced by the structure(句子结构)in which it occursThis is what we call grammaticalcontext22 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 题中破折号后面的 those tiny parts of a computer known as silicon chips 是对 microprocessors 的解释(explanation)；而 microprocessors 本身的结构是由表示大小的
36、前缀 micro+名词 processors 组成。可见此词的意义我们可以从这两方面得出。23 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 nadir 意为“天底，最低点”，与前面的 peak(巅峰)形成对立，因此nadir 的词义可以通过 peak 推测出。对立的词或陈述常用来解释未知的词，因此本句运用了反义关系，即 antonymy。24 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 题干译文：习语至少包含几个词?因为是短语或句子，所以每条习语由一个以上的词组成，但其语义是一个整体。25 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 in nothing flat 的意思是“马上，很快”，是副词性习语。26 【正确答案】 D【试题解析
37、】 题干译文：from head to foot 属于哪种修辞手法 ?from head tofoot(从头到脚、全身)属于邻接 (juxtaposition)。27 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 题干译文：在习语 in good feather 中，我们将 good 换成 high，full而没有改变意思，这种成分的变化被称做什么?In some cases，aconstituent may be replaced by a word of the same part of speech，resulting in synonymous or antonymous idioms，this is
38、 known as replacement28 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 在所有的 unabridged dictionary 里， The Word Book Dictionary 是最适合中国读者的，因为这本字典是为中学生而编，读起来很容易。29 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 题干译文：下列哪种词典因包含丰富的语法信息而闻名?词典除了涵盖通常的词类和屈折变化之外，还包括不同数量的语法信息。高级学习者词典(ALD)、科林斯英语语言词典(CCELD)和朗文当代英语词典(LDCE)都是很好的例子。30 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 题干译文：汉英词典最早于哪年出版?由吴景荣任主编。北京外国语
39、大学英语系编纂的汉英词典(CED)首版面世于 1978 年，并且在国内外广受欢迎。该词典是由中国人在中华人民共和国使用的现代汉语的基础上编写的第一本中等规模的汉英词典。二、填空题31 【正确答案】 synchronic【试题解析】 题干译文：从什么角度，可以不考虑词汇所发生的变化而专门研究某一特定时期内的词汇?From a synchronic point of view，words can be studied at a point in time，disregarding whatever changes might be taking place32 【正确答案】 retreated【试
40、题解析】 题干译文：随着日耳曼部落占领全境并定居下来，凯尔特语就逐渐怎么样了?As the invading tribes took over and settled in Britain ，the Celtic languages gradually retreated33 【正确答案】 monomorphemic【试题解析】 题干译文：大多数词素都是由单个形素实现的，如 bird(鸟)，tree(树)，green(绿色的)，sad( 悲伤)，want(想) 等。这类词叫做什么?Most morphemes are realized， by single morphs like bird，t
41、ree，green，sad ，want，etcWords of this kind are called monomorphemic words34 【正确答案】 compounds【试题解析】 题干译文：分写的什么在形式上如同自由词组?Open compounds are the same in form as free phrases35 【正确答案】 combination【试题解析】 题干译文：词是形式和意义的什么?A word is the combination of form and meaning36 【正确答案】 collocation【试题解析】 题干译文：搭配意义由一个词
42、在其什么中所获得的联想所组成?Collocative meaning consists of the associations a word acquires in its collocation37 【正确答案】 relations【试题解析】 题干译文：一门语言的词汇处于持续不断的变化中；旧词被弃废，而新词增加进来，而且随着新词取代旧词，所以整个集合内的内部什么也在发生变化?The vocabulary of a language is in constant change；old items drop out，new items come in，and as the new replac
43、e the old，so the internal relations of the whole set alter38 【正确答案】 denotation【试题解析】 题干译文：研究表明，什么从中性向贬义转化比从贬义向中性转化更为常见?Observation shows that it is much more common for word meanings to change in denotation from neutral to pejorative than it is for them to go the other way39 【正确答案】 illogical【试题解析】 题
44、干译文：习语的语义整体性也可体现在每个词的字面意义和习语的意义之间什么样的关系之中?The semantic unity of idioms is also reflected in the illogical relationship between the literal meaning of each word and the meaning of the idiom40 【正确答案】 lexicology【试题解析】 题干译文：因为字典和什么联系紧密，所以我们要针对不同类型的字典做一个总体的概述?Dictionaries are closely related to lexicolog
45、y，which explains why we make a general survey of English dictionaries in this course三、名词解释41 【正确答案】 Native words, also known as Anglo-Saxon words, are words brought to Britain in the 5th century by the German tribes. 42 【正确答案】 As the term indicates, derivational affixes are affixes added to other mo
46、rphemes to create new words. Derivational affixes can be further divided into prefixes and suffixes. 43 【正确答案】 Morphological motivation concerns the words whose morphological structures suggest their meaning, for generally speaking, the meaning of a derived word or a compound is based on the meaning
47、s of the word-building elements. 44 【正确答案】 Elevation or amelioration refers to the process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance. Take a common term nice for example. Its original meaning was “ignorant“, then changed to “foolish“ and now elevated to mean “delightful,
48、pleasant“. 45 【正确答案】 As the term suggests, all idioms of this category are complete sentences. They are mainly proverbs and sayings, including colloquialisms and catchphrases. As far as sentence types are concerned, they embrace declarative, interrogative, imperative and exclamative sentences. In te
49、rms of complexity they can be further divided into simple, compound and complex sentences. 四、简答题46 【正确答案】 Inflectional affixes are affixes: (l)attached to the end of words; (2)to indicate grammatical relationships. Derivational affixes are affixes: (l)added to other morphemes; (2)to create new words. 47 【正确答案】 Reference is the relationship betwe
