1、全国自考（英语词汇学）模拟试卷 5 及答案与解析一、单项选择题1 A word is a_ that stands for something else in the world. ( )（A）symbol（B） system（C） structure（D）pattern2 Usually words of the basic word stock are supposed to have obvious_characteristics. ( )（A）three（B） four（C） five（D）six3 Which are the features of native words? ( )
2、（A）All national characters.（B） Neutral in style.（C） Frequent in use.（D）All the above.4 Indo-Iranian comprises the modern language except_. ( )（A）Persian（B） Bengali（C） Hindi, Romany（D）Polish5 Old English vocabulary was essentially_with a number of borrowings from Latin and Scandinavian. ( )（A）Italic（
3、B） Germanic（C） Celtic（D）Hellenic6 The modes of modern English vocabulary grow through three major channels:_, semantic change, _. ( )（A）exchange; lending（B） derivation; borrowing（C） creation; borrowing（D）affixation; creation7 “ Bird“, “ earth“, “ nation“ belong to_. ( )（A）free roots（B） bound morphem
4、es（C） derivational affixes（D）bound root8 The expansion of vocabulary in modern English depends chiefly on_. ( )（A）borrowing（B） word-formation（C） conversion（D）the number of the people speaking English9 A subcutaneous infection is_ the skin. ( )（A）on the surface of（B） above（C） under（D）below10 The word
5、 “courageous“ is created by_. ( )（A）noun suffixes（B） adverb suffixes（C） adjective suffixes（D）verb suffixes11 Words involved in conversion are primarily_. ( )（A）nouns, verbs and adverbs（B） nouns, adjectives and verbs（C） nouns, prepositions and verbs（D）adjectives, adverbs and verbs12 Reference is the
6、relationship between language and the _. ( )（A）speakers（B） listeners（C） world（D）specific country13 Words like miaow and ping-pong are_motivated. ( )（A）onomatopoeically（B） morphologically（C） semantically（D）etymologically14 Lexical meaning has two components: _meaning and associative meaning. ( )（A）co
7、nnotative（B） conceptual（C） affective（D）stylistic15 _is a common feature peculiar to all natural languages. ( )（A）Homonymy（B） Polysemy（C） Synonymy（D）Antonymy16 _is not a pair of homophones. ( )（A）Bear (a large heavy animal) and “bear“ (to put up with)（B） Right (correct) and “write“ (to put down on pa
8、per with a pen)（C） Son (a male child of some one) and “sun“ (the heavenly body from which the earth gets warmth and light)（D）Compliment (an expression of praise) and “complement“ (make up a whole)17 _truly represent oppositeness of meaning. ( )（A）Contradictory terms（B） Contrary terms（C） Relative ter
9、ms（D）Absolute synonyms18 Among the types of word-meaning changes, _and narrowing are the most common by far. ( )（A）degradation（B） transfer（C） elevation（D）extension19 The original meaning of wife is_. ( )（A）a married woman（B） a young woman（C） woman（D）widowed woman20 Degradation or pejoration of meani
10、ng is the opposite of semantic _. ( )（A）extension（B） elevation（C） transfer（D）narrowing21 In a broad sense, context includes_. ( )（A）a paragraph（B） a whole chapter（C） the entire book（D）the whole cultural background22 The meaning of a word may be influenced by the structure in which it occurs, which i
11、s called_. ( )（A）lexical context（B） grammatical context（C） linguistic context（D）non-linguistic context23 We may know the meaning of “geocentric“ by analyzing _. ( )（A）definition（B） antonymy（C） word structure（D）all the above24 The advantage of classifying idioms according to grammatical function is t
12、o_. ( )（A）use idioms correctly and appropriately（B） understand idioms correctly（C） remember idioms quickly（D）try a new method of classification25 Take the helm was first used by_ ( )（A）housewives（B） seamen（C） fishermen（D）sportsmen26 The pot calls the cattle black is an example of_ ( )（A）metaphor（B）
13、personification（C） synecdoche（D）euphemism27 A book containing an alphabetical arrangement of the words in a language and their definitions is called_. ( )（A）concordance（B） lexicon（C） glossary（D）encyclopedia28 Which of the following items is the feature of pocket dictionaries? ( )（A）Having about 1500
14、00 entries or fewer.（B） Providing only the spelling and pronunciation of each word with a few most common meanings.（C） Expensive but easy to carry.（D）B and C29 LDCE has three features except_. ( )（A）clear grammar codes（B） usage notes（C） language notes（D）extra column30 The new edition of CED in 1995
15、has a collection of _entries. ( )（A）80000（B） 70000（C） 60000（D）50000二、填空题31 Certain words are labeled slang not because of their appearance or pronunciation but because of their_.32 Scandinavian language refers to Icelandic, Norwegian, Danish and_33 A root, whether free or bound, generally carries th
16、e main _of meaning in a word.34 Compounds can be written solid,_and open.35 _meaning refers to the part of speech, tenses of verbs, etc.36 The_approach in lexicology study is concerned with the vocabulary of a language as it exists at a given time.37 Contrary terms are_antonyms.38 The associated tra
17、nsfer of meaning and euphemistic use of words, etc. are often due to_factors.39 The meaning of the true idiom cant be deduced from those of the_constituents.40 Linguistic dictionaries aim at defining words and explaining their_in the language.三、名词解释41 terminology42 free morphemes43 acronyms44 homony
18、m y45 grammatical context四、简答题46 What is suffixation? Give an example to illustrate your point.47 Does motivation contradict the theory of “arbitrariness and conventionality“ concerning the relationship between linguistic symbols and their senses? Why?48 What is the difference between polysemy and p
19、erfect homonyms?49 How are dictionaries classified?五、论述题50 Make a tree diagram to arrange the following words in order of hyponym. apple, cabbage, food, vegetable, mutton, fruit, peach, meat, beef, orange, spinach, pork, celery51 Read the extract, pick out the idioms and explain their meanings. Then
20、 rewrite the extract in standard non-figurative language. Sam is getting on, too. His hair is pepper and salt, but he knows how to make up for lost time by taking it easy.全国自考（英语词汇学）模拟试卷 5 答案与解析一、单项选择题1 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 A word is a symbol that stands for something else in the world词是表示世界上别的事物的符号。2 【正确
21、答案】 C【试题解析】 The basic words stock have five obvious characteristics：all national character，stability，productivity，polysemy and collocability可见有五大特征。3 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 本族词汇具有基本词汇的五大特征全民性(all national character)、稳定性(stability)、能产性(productivity)、多义性(polysemy)、搭配性(collocability)。除此之外本族词汇还有两个特征 文体上中性(neutr
22、al in style) 和使用频繁(frequent in use)。4 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 In the Indo-Iranian we have Persian，Bengali，Hindi，Romany印度一伊朗语族包括波斯语、孟加拉语、印地语和吉普赛语。5 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 Although there were borrowings from Latin，the influence on English was mainly Germanic虽然英语也从拉丁语中借词，但影响英语的主要还是日耳曼语。6 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 Modern English v
23、ocabulary develops through three channels：creation，semantic change，borrowing现代英语词汇的发展主要通过3 个渠道：创词、1 日词新义和借词。7 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 bird ，earth，nation 这三个词本身具有完整的意义，在句子中可以用作自由语法单位，因此是自由词素，也就是自由词根。8 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 The expansion of vocabulary in modern English depends chiefly on wordformation现代英语中的词汇扩展主要依靠构词
24、法。9 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 前缀 sub 一表示下级的，下层的，因此 subcutaneous infection 指的是皮下感染。10 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 题于译文：courageous 这个词是通过什么方法生成的?courageous(勇敢的 )是在名词 courage 后加了形容词后缀一 OUS 而变成形容词。11 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 Words produced by conversion are primarily nouns，adjectives and verbs通过转类法产生的词大多是名词、形容词和动词。12 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 Refe
25、rence is the relationship between language and the world所指是语言与周围世界的关系。13 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 miaow( 喵喵地叫)，是通过模仿猫叫的声音创造的。pingpong(乒乓声)，是通过模仿打乒乓球的声音创造的。因此这两个词都是拟声理据，即onomatopoeic motiwition。14 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 Lexical meaning itself has two components：conceptual meaning and associative meaning词汇意义本身只有两个成分：概念
26、意义和联想意义。15 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 Polysemy is a common feature peculiar to all natural languages多义关系是所有自然语言都具有的共同特征。16 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 题干译文：下列哪一项不是一对同音异形异义词?同音异形异义词是读音相同但拼写和词义不同的词。17 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 Antonyms can be classified into three major groupsOne group is contradictory terms：these antonyms truly represe
27、nt oppositeness of meaning反义词主要分为 3 大类。其中一类就是互为矛盾的反义词。这类反义词是真正意义上的反义词。18 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 of these wordmeaning changes，extension and narrowing are by far the most common在词义变化类型中，词义的扩大和词义的缩小是最为常见的。19 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 Wife originally means“woman”and now means a married woman妻子原义是“女人”现义为“已婚女人”。20 【正确答案】 B【
28、试题解析】 Degradation or pejoration of meaning is the opposite of semantic elevation词义的降格与词义的升格相反。21 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 In a broad sense，it includes the physical situation as wellThis is called extra linguistic or non-linguistic context，which embraces the people，time，place ，and even the whole cultural backg
29、round广义上讲，语境还可以包括物理环境，这称为非语言环境，包括人物、时间、地点，甚至包括整个文化背景。22 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 题干译文：一个词的意义可能受其所在的结构影响，我们称这为什么?In some cases，the meanings of a word may be influenced by the structure in which it occursThis is what we call grammatical context23 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 题干译文：我们通过分析什么也许可以推测出 geocentric 一词的意义?单词的形态结构，特别是复
30、合词和派生词为未知意义的推断提供了大量线索。由 geo 一这一形式以及它在句中用于与 helio 一相对，因此就不难猜出 geocentric表示的是“地心的”。这种猜测是通过分析单词的结构得出的。24 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 we prefer the criterion of“grammatical functions”This is because such classification will be more helpful in the actual use of idioms我们倾向于“语法功能”的标准。这是因为此种分类在习语的实际使用中将更为有益。25 【正确答案】 B【
31、试题解析】 take the helm 意为“掌权”，首先是由水手们所使用。26 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 The pot calls the eattle black 意为“ 责人严而律己宽”，pot(壶)在这里用了拟人手法，即 personification。27 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 题干译文：一本书中含有按照一种语言的字母的顺序来排列单词和他们的定义，这本书称为什么?Dictionary for Englishspeaker people is a book which presents in alphabetical order the word vocabulary u
32、nits28 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 题干译文：下列哪一项是袖珍词典的特征?袖珍词典大约有 50000个词条或不足 50000 条。它仅仅提供每个词的拼写和发音，及少许最为常见的意义。29 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 The three features of LDCE include clear grammar codes，us age notes and language notesLDCE 的三大特征是明确的语法代码，用法注释和语言注释。30 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 题干译文：汉英词典(修订版，1995)有多少个词条?The CED has a collection of
33、80，000 entries二、填空题31 【正确答案】 usage【试题解析】 Certain words are labeled“slang”not because of their appearance or pronunciation but because of their usage有些词被认为是 “俚语”不是因为它们的拼写和发音与标准词汇有什么差异，而是因为这些词有特殊的用法。32 【正确答案】 Swedish【试题解析】 日耳曼语族包括 4 门北欧语言：挪威语、冰岛语、丹麦语和瑞典语。这 4 门语言统称为斯堪的纳维亚语。33 【正确答案】 component【试题解析】 题干译
34、文：不管是自由词根还是粘附词根，在词中都是意义的主要什么?The root，whether free or bound，generally carries the maincomponent of meaning in a word34 【正确答案】 hyphenated【试题解析】 compounds can be written solid，hyphenated and open复合词能被连写、带连字符和分写。35 【正确答案】 Grammatical【试题解析】 Grammatieal meanings refer to that part of the meaning of thewo
35、rd which indicates grammatical concept or relationships such as part ofspeech of words，singular and plural meaning of nouns，tense meaning ofverbs and their inflectional forms语法意义是单词意义的一部分，显示语法概念或关系。36 【正确答案】 synchronic【试题解析】 synchronicaIly，polysemy is viewed as the coexistence of various meanings of
36、 the same word in a certain historical period of time共时法，从共时的角度来看，多义关系可以被认为是一个词的各种意义在某一历史时期的共存。37 【正确答案】 gradable【试题解析】 相对反义词可视为在两极之间的尺度上有相互关系的词，如richpoor(富/穷)，oldyoung( 老少)等，两端是有级别变化的，其中的一个与另一个是相对存在的。38 【正确答案】 psychological【试题解析】 The associated transfer of meaning and euphemistic use ofwords，etcare
37、 often due to psychological factors意义的联想转移(associated transfer of meaning)和委婉使用经常是出于心理的因素。39 【正确答案】 individual【试题解析】 真习语(true idiom)指的是我们不能从组成习语的各个成分的意义相加推出整个习语的意思。如 step up 在句子 His promotionstepped up(improve or enhance)their social status 中的使用以及 in theraw 在句子 The boys are playing in the river in t
38、he raw(naked)的意义都不是各个词义简单的相加。40 【正确答案】 usages【试题解析】 语言学字典旨在定义词汇并解释它们在语言中的用法。通常包含以下内容：拼写、发音、意义、语法功能、用法和词源等等。三、名词解释41 【正确答案】 Terminology consists of technical terms used in particular disciplines and academic areas as in medicine: photo scanning, hepatitis, indigestion,etc. 42 【正确答案】 Morphemes which a
39、re independent of other morphemes are considered to be free. These morphemes have complete meanings in themselves and can be used as free grammatical units in sentences. They are identical with root words, as each of them consists of a single free root. Therefore, we might as well say that free morp
40、hemes are free roots. 43 【正确答案】 Acronyms are words formed from initial letters but pronounced as a normal word. 44 【正确答案】 Homonyms are generally defined as words different in meaning but either identical both in sound and spelling or identical only in sound or spelling. 45 【正确答案】 Grammatical context
41、 refers to the meanings of a word may be influenced by the structure in which it occurs. 四、简答题46 【正确答案】 Suffixation is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to stems. Suffixes generally change the word class. For example, “employ“ is a verb, but “employer“ becomes a noun when the suffix “-er
42、“ is added to the stem “employ“. 47 【正确答案】 No. Because motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbols and their meaning. But since the relationship between the word-form and meaning is conventional and arbitrary, words should be non-motivated. Nevertheless, many words are moti
43、vated to a certain extent in terms of sound, morphology, semantics, and etymology. 48 【正确答案】 Polysemy is a common feature peculiar to all natural languages : a word has two or more meanings. Perfect homonyms are words identical both in sound and spelling, but different in meaning. 49 【正确答案】 (1)Monol
44、ingual and bilingual dictionaries. (2)Linguistic and encyclopedic dictionaries.(3)Unabridged, desk and pocket dictionaries. (4)General and specialized dictionaries. 五、论述题50 【正确答案】 51 【正确答案】 (l)highly figurative, full of idioms:getting on = getting old; pepper and salt = gray;make up for=compensate;lost time=was-ted time;take it easy=relax. (2)standard version: Sam is getting old, too. His hair is turning gray, but he knows how to compensate for wasted time by relaxing.
