1、全国自考（英语词汇学）模拟试卷 10 及答案与解析一、单项选择题1 We consider that the written form of a natural language is the written record of the_form. ( )（A）written（B） practical（C） oral（D）grammatical2 _refers to the specialized vocabularies by which members of particular arts, sciences, trades and professions communicate amo
2、ng themselves. ( )（A）Slang（B） Argot（C） Jargon（D）Archaism3 Which of the following doesnt belong to the translation-loans? ( )（A）Mother tongue.（B） Long time no see.（C） Black humour.（D）Status quo.4 Which of the following is not included in the Germanic tribes? ( )（A）Angles.（B） Celtic.（C） Saxons.（D）Jute
3、s.5 Which of the following is not true about Old English? ( )（A）Users of Old English borrowed heavily from Latin and other languages.（B） Old English has a vocabulary of about 50000 to 60000.（C） Old English refers to the English language used from 450 to 1150.（D）Old English was a highly inflected lan
4、guage.6 In modern times,_is the most important way of vocabulary expansion. ( )（A）creation（B） semantic change（C） borrowing（D）reviving archaic or obsolete words7 In the word “contradiction“, the morpheme “-dict“ is a(an) _. ( )（A）free root（B） bound root（C） free morpheme（D）affix8 Word formation exclud
5、es . ( )（A）affixation and compounding（B） conversion and shortening（C） chipping, acronymy and blending（D）repetition and alliteration9 The primary function of suffixes is to . ( )（A）change the word-class of roots（B） change the meaning of stems（C） change the grammatical function of stems（D）change the s
6、tructure of roots10 The following are all denominal suffixes except ( )（A）-ful（B） -wise（C） #NAME?（D）#NAME?11 The “house“ in “the peasant housed him“ belongs to the conversion . ( )（A）between noun and adjective（B） between noun and verb（C） between verb and adjective（D）none of the above12 A word is the
7、 combination of form and_. ( )（A）spelling（B） writing（C） meaning（D）denoting13 Walkman is a_ motivated word. ( )（A）onomatopoeically（B） morphologically（C） semantically（D）etymologically14 Stylistic meaning refers to the features of_of words. ( )（A）formality（B） affectiveness（C） appropriateness（D）part of
8、speech15 The problem of interrelation of the various meanings of the same word can be dealt with from_different angles. ( )（A）one（B） two（C） three（D）four16 Of the types of homonyms, _constitute the largest number and are most common. ( )（A）perfect homonyms（B） homophones（C） homographs（D）antonymy17 _is
9、 contrary antonymy. ( )（A）True and “false“（B） Rich and “poor“（C） Parent and “child“（D）Male and “female“18 Extension of meaning is known as_ . ( )（A）elevation（B） generalization（C） transfer（D）degradation19 The semantic change of the word “girl“ from “a young person of either sex“ to “female young pers
10、on“ is called_ ( )（A）extension（B） narrowing（C） degradation（D）elevation20 In the sentence “She said with an embarrassed laugh.“, the word “embarrassed“ can be classified into_ sense of transfer. ( )（A）subjective（B） objective（C） sensational（D）physical21 _is very important for the understanding of word
11、-meaning. ( )（A）Spelling（B） Pronunciation（C） Context（D）None of the above22 The sentence “He is a hard businessman. “ is ambiguous due to ( )（A）grammatical structure（B） lexical context（C） homonymy（D）polysemy23 In a broad sense, idioms may include_. ( )（A）colloquialisms（B） catchphrases（C） slang expres
12、sions（D）all the above and others24 Let the dog see the rabbit is an idiom_. ( )（A）nominal in nature（B） adjectival in nature（C） verbal in nature（D）adverbial in nature25 “Hang in there, old buddy; the worst is yet to come. “ In this sentence, “Hang in there“ uses_. ( )（A）colloquialisms（B） slang（C） lit
13、erary expressions（D）alliteration26 _refers to idioms in which the name of one thing is used for that of another associated with it. ( )（A）Personification（B） Euphemism（C） Synecdoche（D）Metonymy27 Linguistic dictionaries usually cover such areas as _. ( )（A）spelling and pronunciation（B） meaning and gra
14、mmatical function（C） usage and etymology（D）all the above28 A geographical dictionary is called_. ( )（A）yearbook（B） gazetteer（C） manual（D）lexicon29 CCELD is a brand new dictionary, similar in scope and size to_. ( )（A）Webster（B） Longman（C） Oxford（D）Collins30 The main entries are generally defined or
15、explained in the same language with translations are . ( )（A）monolingual dictionaries（B） bilingual dictionaries（C） encyclopedic dictionaries（D）pocket dictionaries二、填空题31 Pronouns and numerals enjoy nation-wide use and stability, but have limited productivity and32 _words are words brought to Britain
16、 in the fifth century by the Germanic tribes: the Angles, the Saxons, and the Jutes, thus known as Anglo-Saxon words.33 Bound morphemes include two types: bound root and34 According to suffixation theory, “villager“ is called de-nominal noun and “employer“ is called_noun.35 Not every word has_. For
17、example, “probable“, “nearly“, “and“, “if“, “but“ and “yes“, all have some sense, but none of them refer to anything in the world.36 The_ approach deals with the changes and the development of vocabulary in the course of time.37 Homonyms are different from polysemants in etymology and_relatedness.38
18、 When a common word is turned into a proper noun, the meaning is_accordingly.39 When a new word appears for the first time, the author usually manages to give hints or_in the context to help the readers.40 In some idioms, a constituent may be replaced by a word of the same part of_, resulting in syn
19、onymous or antony-mous idioms.三、名词解释41 denizens42 Old English43 blending44 extension of meaning45 idioms四、简答题46 What are the fundamental features of the basic word stock of the English vocabulary?47 What are the differences between inflectional affixes and derivational affixes?48 What are the major
20、characteristics of English antonyms?49 What are contextual clues? Find out the meanings of the words in bold type and tell what contextual clues have helped you in arriving at the meanings.A. Do you know the architect? He designed St. Pauls Cathedral.B. The book was only published posthumously, for
21、the author had been dead for three years already.五、论述题50 Analyze the morphological structure of the following words in terms of free morpheme and bound morpheme, then explain the differences between the two kinds of morphemes: unhappily, idealistic.51 Illustrate which kind of antonymy they belong to
22、 and the characteristics of this kind of antonymy: Employee/Employer.全国自考（英语词汇学）模拟试卷 10 答案与解析一、单项选择题1 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 It is generally agreed that the written form of a natural language is the written record of the oral form一般认为，一门自然语言的书写形式是该语言口语形式的记录。2 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 Jargon refers to the specialized
23、vocabularies by which members of particular arts，sciences，trades and professions communicate among themselves行话是流行于艺术、科学、商业和其他职业内部的专有词汇。3 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 题干译文：下列哪一项不属于译借词?译借词是利用母语现有的词语但在构词模式上模仿了外语构成的词。Mother tongue( 母语)译自 lingua materna(拉丁语 )，long time no see 译自汉语的“好久不见”，black humor(黑色幽默)译自 humour no
24、ir(法语)，status quo 是英语词汇。4 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 After the Romans，the Germanic tribes called Angles，Saxons，and Jutes came in great numbers继古罗马人之后，盎格鲁、撒克逊和朱特 3 个日耳曼部落大批入侵英伦三岛。凯尔特人不属于日耳曼部落。5 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 题干译文：下列关于古英语的说法哪一个是错误的?Users of Old English did not borrow as heavily from Latin or other languages in t
25、his period as they did later，故 A 错误。6 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 题干译文：现今什么是词汇扩展的重要方式?In modern times，creation is the most important way of vocabulary expansion7 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 词素一 dict 必须与别的词素结合在一起才能构成词，因此判断，在“contradiction”一词中，词素“一 dict”是 bound root。粘附词根就如自由词根一样，是带有基本意义的词的组成部分。与自由词根不同的是，粘附词根是一种粘附形式，必须与别的词素结合在一
26、起才能构成词。8 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 The most productive means of word formation are affixation，compounding and conversionThe rest of the new words come from shortening including clipping and acronymy together with blending and other means最为多产的方式是词缀法、复合法和转类法。剩余的新词来自缩略法，包括截短法和首字拼音法，加上自拼法和其他途径。9 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 The
27、 primary function of suffixes is to change the grammatical function of stems后缀的主要功用是改变词干意义的语法功能。10 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 题干译文：下列哪一项不是加在名词后的形容词词缀?一 wise 是副词后缀。11 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 house 在“the peasant housed him”中作动词用，表示“提供住处”，而 house 原本是名词，因此这是名词和动词之间的转类。12 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 we know that a word is the combination
28、 of form and meaning我们知道词是形式和意义的结合体。13 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 walkman(随身听)源于商标名 Walkman，因此属于词源理据。14 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 在某些词典中，词的文体特征被标明为“正式”、“非正式”、“书面的”、“古词的”、“俚语”等，不同的场合适用不同的正式程度的词，所以文体意义是指词的正式程度。15 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 题干译文：词的各种意义之间相互关联的问题可以从几个角度来研究?The problem of interrelation of the various meanings of the same w
29、ord can be dealt with from two different angles：diachronic approach and synchronic approach16 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 题干译文：在三种同形同音异义词中，什么占绝大多数，最为常见?Of the three types，homophones constitute the largest number and are most common17 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 题干译文：下列哪一项属于相对反义词?true(对)与 false(错)，male(男性)与 female(女性)这两对反义词属于
30、互为矛盾的反义词，肯定一方就否定另一方。parent( 家长)与 child(孩子)属于表示相互关系的反义词，是互为依托的。rich(富) 与 poor(穷) 可视为在两极之间的尺度上有相互关系，属于相对反义词，即contrary terms。18 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 Extension of meaning is also known as generalization词义的扩大也称普遍化。19 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 题干译文：girl 一词的语义从“男孩女孩 ”变为“女孩”被称作什么?girl 的词语显然缩小了，因此属于词义缩小。20 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 emb
31、arrassed 一词表示“感到尴尬的”，是主观的，属于主观意义的转移，即 subjective sense of transfer。21 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 context is very important for the understanding of wordmeaning语境在词义的理解上起着举足轻重的作用。22 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 由于词的多义性和同音同形异义性，歧义现象经常出现。多义词出现在不完整的语境中时，歧义就出现了，如：He is a hard businessman在这样的语境中，hard 一词既可以作 “勤劳的”讲，又可以作“难对付的”讲。这句话的
32、语境没能对该词的意义加以限定，所以读者难以确定其确切的含义。如果原句扩展为He is a hard businessman to deal with，就不会有误解了。23 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 In a broad sense，idioms may include colloquialisms，catch phrases，slang expressions ，proverbs，etc从广义上讲，习语可以包括口语词、时髦语、俚语、谚语等。24 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 题干译文：Let the dog see the rabbit 这一习语是什么性质的习语?Let the dog s
33、ee the rabbit 的意思是“不要妨碍别人看或干某事”，表达动词词义。25 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 “Hang in there，old buddy；the worst is yet to come”这句话意为“老兄，别在那泄气，更糟糕的还在后头呢。”hang in(there)意为“不要放弃”，属于口语词，即 colloquialism。26 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 题干译文：什么是指一件事物的名称被用于换指另外一个与此相关的事物的名称的习语?Metonymy refers to idioms in which the name of one thing is used
34、for that of another associated with it27 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 Linguistic dictionaries usually cover such areas as spelling，pronunciation，meaning，grammatical function，usage and etymology，etc语言词典通常包括拼写、发音、意义、语法功能、用法及词源等这些方面。28 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 A geographical dictionary is called a gazetteer有关地理知识的辞典是地名词典，属于专用
35、辞典。29 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 CCELD is a brand new dictionary，similar in scope and size to Longman科林斯英语词典 是一本全新的词典，在范围和规模上与 朗文当代英语词典相当。30 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 题干译文：主要词条一般用同一语言进行定义和解释并且带有译文的字典是什么字典?In bilingual dictionaries，the main entries are generally defined or explained in the same language with translation二、填
36、空题31 【正确答案】 collocability【试题解析】 Pronouns and numerals enjoy nation wide use and stability，but are semantically monospermous and have limited productivity and collocability代词和数词使用范围广泛，也十分稳定，但能产性和搭配性较差。32 【正确答案】 Native【试题解析】 从起源上来看，英语词汇可分为本族语词和外来语词。英语本族语词是公元 5 世纪由日耳曼部落盎格鲁人、撒克逊人和朱特人带入英国的，又称盎格鲁一撒克逊词语。33
37、 【正确答案】 affix【试题解析】 Bound morphemes include two types ：bound root and affix粘附词素有两类：粘附词根和词缀。34 【正确答案】 deverbal【试题解析】 employer(雇员)是由动词 employ(雇佣)转化来的，是由动词转化来的名词。35 【正确答案】 reference【试题解析】 并不是每个词都有所指。比如：probable(可能的)，nearly(几乎)，and(和)等等。虽然它们都有意义，但在外界事物中都不存在所指。36 【正确答案】 diachronic【试题解析】 题干译文：哪种方法涉及了词汇在历史
38、中的变化和发展?历时法涉及了词汇在历史中的变化和发展。37 【正确答案】 semantic【试题解析】 The fundamental difference between homonyms and polysemants lies in two aspects：etymology and semantic relatedness同形同音异义词与多义词的区别在于词源和语义是否相关。38 【正确答案】 narrowed【试题解析】 When a common word is turned into a proper noun，the meaning is narrowed accordingly
39、普通名词转化为专有名词时，词义也随之缩小。39 【正确答案】 clues【试题解析】 In many cases，when a new word appears for the first time，the author generally manages to give hints which might help the readers to grasp the concept or understand the ideaContext clues vary a great deal but can be summed up可以看出，作者对第一次出现的新单词，常常给予暗示和提供一些语义线索
40、。40 【正确答案】 speech【试题解析】 在有些习语中，其中的一个成分可能被同一词性的词所替代，结果导致同义或反义习语的产生。三、名词解释41 【正确答案】 Denizens are words borrowed early in the past and now are well assimilated into the English language. In other words they have come to conform to the English way of pronunciation and spelling. 42 【正确答案】 Now people gene
41、rally refer to Anglo-Saxon as Old English. Old English has a vocabulary of about 50000 to 60000 words. It was a highly inflected language just like modern German. 43 【正确答案】 Blending is the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another word. Blending is a ver
42、y productive process and many coinages resulting from blending have become well-established. Moreover, they even serve as models for new formations. As far as the structure is concerned, blends fall into four major groups:(l) head + tail; (2) head + head; (3) head + word; (4) word + tail. 44 【正确答案】
43、Extension of meaning, also known as generalization, is the name given to the widening of meaning which some words undergo. It is a process by which a word which originally had a specialized meaning has now become generalized. In other words, the term has extended to cover a broader and often less de
44、finite concept. 45 【正确答案】 Idioms consist of set phrases and short sentences, which are peculiar to the language in question and loaded with the native cultures and ideas. In a broad sense, idioms may include colloquialisms, catchphrases, slang expressions, proverbs, etc.四、简答题46 【正确答案】 The basic word
45、 stock is the foundation of the vocabulary accumulated over centuries and forms the common core of the language. Though words of the basic word stock constitute a small percentage of the English vocabulary, yet it is the most important part of it. The fundamental features of the basic word stock are
46、 as follows: all national character, stability, productivity, polysemy and collocability. 47 【正确答案】 Affixes attached to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are inflectional, thus known as inflectional morphemes. Modern English is an analytical language. Most endings are lost, leav
47、ing only a few inflectional affixes, such as plural forms of nouns -s(-es), and the comparative and superlative degree forms of adjectives: -er, -est. Derivational affixes are affixes added to other morphemes to create new words. Derivational affixes can be further divided into prefixes and suffixes
48、. 48 【正确答案】 Antonyms are classified on the basis of semantic opposition; a word which has more than one meaning can have more than one antonym; antonyms differ in semantic inclusion; contrary terms are gradable antonyms, differing in degree of intensity, so each has its own corresponding opposite. 4
49、9 【正确答案】 (1) A. architecta person who plans new buildings and who is responsible for making sure that they are built properly.B. posthumouslycoming after a persons death. (2)explanation. 五、论述题50 【正确答案】 (1) Each of the two words consists of three morphemes: unhappily (un+happy+ly), idealistic (ideal+ist+ic).(2) “Happy“ and “ideal“ are free morphemes; un-,-ly,-ist and-ic are bound morphemes.(3) Free morphemes have c
