1、全国自考(英语词汇学)模拟试卷 3 及答案与解析一、单项选择题1 Words like “bear, nut, knock out“ can be categorized as _. ( )(A)terminology(B) jargon(C) slang(D)neologisms2 Terminology consists of_terms used in particular disciplines and academic areas. ( )(A)technical(B) artistic(C) different(D)academic3 Which of the following
2、words does not belong to jargon? ( )(A)Orchestra.(B) Bottom line.(C) Ballpark figures.(D)Bargaining chips.4 Rapid growth of science and technology breeds such new words as the following except_. ( )(A)open heart surgery(B) fast food(C) moon walk(D)space shuttle5 Reviving archaic words also contribut
3、es to the growth of English vocabulary. For instance, the Americans use “sick“ for “_“ in British English. ( )(A)six(B) ailment(C) throwing up(D)ill6 If we say that Old English was a language of full endings, Middle English was one of_endings. ( )(A)leveled(B) short(C) long(D)paralleled7 There are_f
4、ree morphemic words in the following words: bird, man, red, turn. ( )(A)1(B) 2(C) 3(D)48 “Nature“ in the word “denaturalization“ is not_ ( )(A)free root(B) free morphemes(C) stem(D)bound root9 The following words have derivational affixes except _. ( )(A)subsea(B) prewar(C) postwar(D)desks10 The suf
5、fix “-tion“ is a_ suffix. ( )(A)adjective(B) verb(C) adverb(D)noun11 From the sentences “Hand in your papers. “ and “She papered the room green. “, we can see such a means of word-formation as_ ( )(A)affixation(B) compounding(C) conversion(D)acronymy12 The word “beg“ comes from the word “beggar“. Su
6、ch a way of creating a new word is called_. ( )(A)suffixation(B) clipping(C) blending(D)back-formation13 Such synonymous pair as “diepass away“ has the same _but different stylistic values. ( )(A)reference(B) concept(C) motivation(D)style14 “Tables, men, potatoes“ have the same_meaning, for they hav
7、e the same plural meaning. ( )(A)lexical(B) grammatical(C) conceptual(D)associative15 Stylistic features of words include the following except _. ( )(A)formal(B) literary(C) argumentative(D)slang16 The word “_“ is an illustrative example of concatenation. ( )(A)neck(B) board(C) candidate(D)harvest17
8、 Based on the degree of_, homonyms fall into three classes: perfect homonyms, homographs and homophones. ( )(A)intensity(B) property(C) similarity(D)variety18 Complete synonyms are identical both in grammatical meaning and lexical meaning, including_and associative meanings. ( )(A)conceptual(B) perc
9、eptual(C) eventual(D)actual19 Degradation can be illustrated by the following example _. ( )(A)lewdignorant(B) sillyfoolish(C) lustpleasure(D)knaveboy20 As far as transfer is concerned, the phrase “loud colours“ falls into the category of transfer_. ( )(A)from concrete to abstract meanings(B) from a
10、bstract to concrete meanings(C) through association(D)of sensations21 The so-called “Kings English“ serves as a_ reason in word-meaning change. ( )(A)historical(B) cultural(C) class(D)psychological22 Based on_context, we can determine the meaning of “do a museum“. ( )(A)cultural(B) grammatical(C) le
11、xical(D)situational23 Physical situation or environment relating to the use of words is called_or non-linguistic context. ( )(A)extra-linguistic(B) lexical(C) grammatical(D)syntactical24 The ambiguity in sentence “She likes white roses and lilies. “ is due to_. ( )(A)polysemy(B) homonymy(C) hyponymy
12、(D)grammatical structure25 Which of the following is not one of the stylistic features of idioms? ( )(A)Frozen style.(B) Slang.(C) Literary style.(D)Colloquialisms.26 “Chop and change“ is an idiom_in nature. ( )(A)verbal(B) nominal(C) adjectival(D)adverbial27 The change of idiom “the last straw“ fro
13、m the original form is_ ( )(A)replacement(B) dismembering(C) addition(D)shortening28 Readers cant find pronunciation or meaning in ( )(A)Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English with Chinese Translation(B) The Encyclopedia Americana(C) Chambers Encyclopedic English Dictionary(D)Collins COBUILD Eng
14、lish Language Dictionary29 Ox ford Dictionary of Current Idiomatic English is a(n) _dictionary. ( )(A)specialized(B) desk(C) pocket(D)encyclopedic30 If one wants to find out the minute difference between shades of meaning, the best source is_. ( )(A)a thesaurus(B) a synonym finder(C) an encyclopedia
15、(D)an encyclopedic dictionary二、填空题31 Argot generally refers to the jargon of32 The surviving languages show various degrees of to one another.33 The number of_affixes is small and stable.34 A compound tends to play a single role in a sentence.35 The reference of a word to a thing outside the languag
16、e is _and conventional.36 Perfect homonyms are words identical both in sound and spelling, but different in37 Changing in word meaning has never_since the language came into being and will continue in the future.38 _often arises due to polysemy and homonymy.39 As far as sentence types are concerned,
17、 they embrace declarative, interrogative,_and exclamative sentences.40 Encyclopedic dictionaries can be further divided into _and encyclopedic dictionaries.三、名词解释41 inflected language42 word-formation43 appreciative44 semantic transfer45 linguistic dictionaries四、简答题46 Are a root and a stem the same,
18、 and why?47 Cite one example to illustrate what grammatical meaning is.48 How does context provide clues for inferring word-meaning?49 What are the unique features of CCELD?五、论述题50 He has been sick since this fall.Tell what “sick“ and “fall“ mean respectively and explain why they take on those meani
19、ngs in modern American English.51 Explain the rhetoric use of homonyms in Bs speech. Give the two possible Chinese translations:A:“What colour would you paint the sun and the wind?“ B:“The sun rose and wind blue. “全国自考(英语词汇学)模拟试卷 3 答案与解析一、单项选择题1 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 俚语属非标准语言,介于一般标准词汇和团体内部用词之间,bear(警察) ,nu
20、t 和 knock out 都是俚语词。2 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 术语是指特定学科和学术领域所使用的专有名词,如医学名词:photoscanning(光扫描) ,hepatitis(肝炎)等。3 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 题干译文:下列哪个词不属于行话?行话是流行于艺术、科学、商业和其他职业内部的专有词汇。如商业行话:bottom line 表示“难以逃脱的暗示,不可避免的结果,最终的说法”,ballpark figures 代表“估计,估算”,bargaining chips 表示“协商中任何一方所拥有的优势 ”。而 orcbestra 指交响乐团,是音乐术语。4 【正确答案】
21、B【试题解析】 迅速发展的科技孕育出大量新词,如航天科学方面:space shuttle(航天飞机),moon walk(月球行走);医学方面:open heart surgery( 心脏直视手术)。选项 B 中的 fast food 属于由社会、经济和政治变化带来的新词。5 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 复活古词和废弃词对整个英语词汇来说虽然影响不大,但确实是一种发展方式。美国英语尤其喜欢用这一方式。如 loan(借贷)作及物动词在 13 世纪十分流行,后来此义就废弃不用了,而由 lend 代替,但 loan 的这一用法却在美国英语中复活了。现在,美国英语中 guess 作 think 讲,
22、druggist 作 chemist 讲,fall作 autumn 讲,sick 作 ill 讲,都可以追溯到英国英语的早期。6 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 中古英语的内部屈折形式少了很多,标志名词和形容词、数、格、性的词尾形式已经不明显了。动词的情况也一样。如果说古英语尽是词尾的话,那么中古英语的词尾已去了一半。7 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 彼此之间互相独立的词素叫自由词素。这些词素本身具有完整的意义,在句子中可以用作自由语法单位,如 man,earth,wind,car,anger 等。8 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 粘附词根就如自由词根一样,是带有基本意义的词的组成部分。与自由词
23、根不同的是,粘附词根是一种粘附形式,必须与别的词素结合在一起才能构成词。本题中“nature”在“denaturalization”中是自由词根、自由词素,同时也是词干。9 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 不能独立成词的词素叫粘附词素。之所以叫粘附词素是因为它们要粘附在别的词素上才能构成词,粘附词素主要出现在派生词里。粘附词素有两类:粘附词根和词缀。派生词缀还可以进一步分为前缀或后缀。sub 一,pre 一,post-均是粘附词素的一种,desks 中的-s 指内部屈折词缀,而不是派生词缀中的后缀。10 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 一 tion,一 ation,-ition,-sion ,一
24、ion 这类后缀加在动词词干上,主要构成抽象名词,它们是名词后缀。11 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 转类法是将一种词类转化成另一种词类构成新词的方法。这些词在语法意义上是新词。既然这些词在形态结构上不变,只在功能上有变化,这一转类过程也叫做功能转换。本题中句子“Hand in your papers”的意思是“把你们的卷子交上来”,而“She papered the room green”的意思是 “她用壁纸把房间贴成绿色”,前者是 paper 的常见的名词用法,后者是该词的动词用法,是由转类法构成的新词。12 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 逆生法被认为是后缀法的对立过程。如我们所知,后缀法
25、是通过在词基上添加后缀,而逆生法是通过除去假定的后缀而创造新词的方法。“beg(乞讨)”一词就是这样产生的。13 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 很多词带有文体特征,这使得它们适合于不同的语境。这些区别性的特征构成了单词的文体意义。在某些词典中,这些特征清楚地被标明为“正式”、“非正式”、“书面的”、“古语”、“俚语”等等。die 和 passaway 都具有相同的概念意义一一去世,但在文体方面存在差异。14 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 语法意义是指单词意义的一部分,显示语法概念或关系,如单词的词性(名词、动词、形容词、副词)、名词的单复数意义、动词的时态意义和屈折形式(forget,forg
26、ets,forgot ,forgotten ,forgetting)。一个词的语法意义只有当其用于实际语境中才变得重要。本题中“tables,men,potatoes”都是名词的复数形式,因此,它们具有相同的语法意义。15 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 文体特征包括“正式、非正式、书面语、古语和俚语”,通常将文体分为:正式、中性和非正式。16 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 词义从单义向多义发展遵循两种模式:辐射型和连锁型。辐射型以原始意义为中心,从原始意义发展而来的次要意义就像射线那样四处散去,意义之间互不关联,但都可追踪到核心意义。neck 一词是个很好的例子。其原始意义为“(人或动物连接头
27、和身体的)颈,脖子”。由此派生出:衣服的领圈;作为食物的动物的脖子,如羊脖子;像脖子一样的物体,如小提琴的指板(the neck of a violin);任何东西,如瓶子、土地、海峡等的最细部分。连锁型是词义发生关联变化的过程。在这个过程中,一个词的词义逐渐从原始意义连续转化,如 candidate 这个词:whiterobed(穿白色长袍的);office seeker in white gowns(穿着白袍的公职求职者);a person who seeks an office(求职者);a person proposed for aplace,award ,etc(候选人)。17 【正
28、确答案】 C【试题解析】 根据相类似的程度,同形同音异义词又可分为 3 类:完全同形同音异义词、同形异音异义词和同音异形异义词。18 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 绝对同义词是意义完全相同的词,也就是说,语法意义、词汇意义(包括概念意义和关联意义)都完全相同。这种同义词在使用中是可以互换的。绝对同义词在自然语言中是极少的。19 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 lewd 一词的原义就是 ignorant(无知的),lust 的原义是 pleasure(快乐),knave 的原义是 boy(男孩),而 silly 的原义是“高兴”而现义变为“愚蠢”,属于词义的降格。20 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】
29、 词义的转移是指原先指某一事物的词后来转而指另一事物的演变过程。有一种是感觉之间的转移,如 clearsounding(从视觉到听觉的转移),loud colour(从听觉到视觉的转移) ,sweet music(从味觉到听觉的转移 )。21 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 语言就像一面镜子,反映人类社会存在的一切现象,自然也反映了社会各阶级的言语和态度,语言也就随之产生了社会差异。所谓“国王英语”(Kings English)就是一个很好的例子。22 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 词汇语境是指与讨论中的词一起出现的单词。这个词的意义经常受邻近词的影响,并被其定义。用作实义动词时,do 传达了大
30、量的意义,而且只有语境才能决定它的确切意义,如,do a museuma city acountry,do 表示“参观”。23 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 语境的含义有多种。狭义上讲,语境是指一个词所在的词群、从句和句群环境,这称为语言环境,可以包括一个段落、一个章节,甚至整个一本书;广义上讲,语境还包括物理环境,这称为非语言环境,包括人物、时间、地点,甚至包括整个文化背景。24 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 句子模糊或歧义的原因有:一词多义、同音同形异义词和语法结构。本句中 white 既可理解为修饰 roses,不修饰 lilies,又可理解为 white 修饰 roses and li
31、lies,所以语法结构导致歧义。25 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 题干译文:下列哪一项不属于习语的文体特征?习语的文体特征包括“正式的、非正式的、口语体、俚语”等,选项 A 意为“刻板文体”,不在此行列中。26 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 “chop and change”的意思是“变化无常”,是动词性习语。27 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 缩略法偶尔出现在谚语和格言里,只取其中的一部分而不是全部。如 the last straw=It is the last straw that breaks the camels back(终于使人不能忍受的最后一击)。选项 A 为替换,选项 B 为
32、肢解,选项 C 为增词。28 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 百科词典可以进一步细分为百科全书和百科词典。一部百科全书并不关心语言本身,而是提供每一核心词所包含的各种信息。读者在其中找不到发音或意义或用法,而是其他的信息。著名的百科全书有 20 卷的不列颠百科全书(The Encyclopedia Britannica)和 30 卷的美国百科全书(The Encyclopedia Americana)。29 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 专用词典专注于语言或知识的某个特定领域,如,柯林斯英语用法词典(Collins COBUILD English Usage Dictionary,1992),牛
33、津现代习语英语词典(Oxford Dictionary of current Idiomatic English)。30 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 如果想知道单词之间的概念意义有何差异,一本同义词词典将是理想之选。二、填空题31 【正确答案】 criminals【试题解析】 题干译文:黑话通常是什么的行话?Argot generally refers to the jargon of criminals32 【正确答案】 similarity【试题解析】 题干译文:现存的语言相互之间有着不同程度的什么?The surviving languages show various degrees
34、 of similarity to one another33 【正确答案】 inflectional【试题解析】 题干译文:什么词缀的数量很少且很稳定?The number of inflectional affixes is small and stable34 【正确答案】 grammatical【试题解析】 题干译文:复合词在句子里作什么独立成分?A compound tends to play a single grammatical role in a sentence35 【正确答案】 arbitrary【试题解析】 题干译文:词对语言以外的事物的指称是什么样的和约定俗成的?Th
35、e reference of a word to a thing outside the language is arbitrary and conventional36 【正确答案】 meaning【试题解析】 题干译文:完全同形同音异义词是拼写和读音相同,但什么不同的词?Perfect homonyms are words identical both in sound and spelling,but different in meaning37 【正确答案】 ceased【试题解析】 题干译文:语言自产生以来其词义的变化就从未如何,而且还会继续下去?Changing in word m
36、eaning has never ceased since the language came into being and will continue in the future38 【正确答案】 Ambiguity【试题解析】 题干译文:由于词的多义性和同音同形异义性,什么经常出现?Ambiguity often arises due to polysemy and homonymy39 【正确答案】 imperative【试题解析】 题干译文:就句子类型而言,句式习语包括陈述句、疑问句、什么句和感叹句?As far as sentence types are concerned,they
37、 embrace declarative, interrogative,imperative and explanative sentences40 【正确答案】 encyclopedia【试题解析】 题干译文:百科辞典可以进一步细分为什么和百科词典?Encyclopedic dictionaries can be further divided into encyclopedia and encyclopedic dictionaries三、名词解释41 【正确答案】 It was a language in which the various forms of a given word s
38、howed its relationship to other words in a sentence. The prehistoric Indo-European parent language is thought to be a highly inflected language. 42 【正确答案】 Word-formation is the process of creating new words from the material available in the language according to certain structural and semantic form
39、ulas and patterns. The three major types of word-formation are affixation, compounding and conversion. 43 【正确答案】 The appreciative are words which have positive overtones to show ones appreciation or the attitude of approval. 44 【正确答案】 Words which were used to designate one thing but later changed to
40、 mean something else have experienced the process of semantic transfer. 45 【正确答案】 Linguistic dictionaries aim at defining words and explaining their usages in the language. They usually cover such areas as spelling, pronunciation, meaning, grammatical function, usage and etymology, etc. These dictio
41、naries can be monolingual and bilingual. 四、简答题46 【正确答案】 A root and a stem are not the same. A root is the basic form of a word which cannot be further analysed. A stem may consist of a single root or two roots and a root plus one or more affixational morphemes. Therefore, a stem can be a root or a f
42、orm bigger than a root. 47 【正确答案】 Grammatical meanings refer to that part of the meaning of the word which indicates grammatical concept or relationships such as part of speech of words, singular and plural meaning of nouns, tense meaning of verbs and their inflectional forms. For example, in the se
43、ntence “The dog is chasing a cat“, the words “dog“ and “cat“ are nouns and both are singular used as subject and object respectively. 48 【正确答案】 Context clues vary a great deal but can be summed up as follows : (1) Definition;(2) Explanation; (3) Example; (4) Synonymy; (5) Antonymy;(6)Hyponymy; (7)Re
44、levant details; (8)Word structure. 49 【正确答案】 (1) The definition in this dictionary are all in full sentences. (2)The use of extra column to deal with grammar information. (3) Almost every meaning of a word has an example to show its meaning and usage, most in sentence form. 五、论述题50 【正确答案】 (1) “Sick“
45、 means “ill“ and “fall“ means “autumn“ in present American English; (2)These words no longer have such meanings in present British English; (3) American English has revived the old meaning of “sick“ and that of “fall“. This is the revival of archaic or obsolete words. 51 【正确答案】 Rose can be defined in two ways: colour of rose and the past form of the verb rise. Blue in two ways too: the colour blue and the past form of the verb blow.(1)粉红的太阳,蓝色的风。(2)太阳升起来了,风吹起来了。