[自考类试卷]全国自考(英语词汇学)模拟试卷2及答案与解析.doc

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1、全国自考(英语词汇学)模拟试卷 2 及答案与解析一、单项选择题1 In Old English there was_agreement between sound and form. ( )(A)more(B) little(C) less(D)gradual2 Basic words are characterized with_. ( )(A)polysemy(B) collocability(C) productivity(D)all the above3 The words like decor, bazaar, status quo are_. ( )(A)denizens(B) a

2、liens(C) translation-loans(D)semantic-loans4 The_is made up of most of the languages of Europe, the Near East, and India. ( )(A)Germanic(B) Balto-Slavic(C) Indo-European(D)Indo-Iranian5 Modern English is derived from the language of early_ tribes. ( )(A)Greek(B) Roman(C) Italian(D)Germanic6 American

3、 English like to use_. ( )(A)creation(B) reviving archaic or obsolete words(C) semantic change(D)borrowing7 There are _ free morphemic words in the following: bird, man, red, collection. ( )(A)one(B) two(C) three(D)four8 _are those that cannot occur as separate words without adding other morphemes.

4、( )(A)Free roots(B) Free morphemes(C) Bound morphemes(D)Meaningful units9 Bound morphemes include_and affix. ( )(A)stem(B) root(C) bound root(D)prefix and suffix10 Words produced through affixation constitute_of all the new words. ( )(A)20% to 30%(B) 30% to 40%(C) 40% to 50%(D)10% to 20%11 _ is the

5、formation of words by adding word-forming or derivational affixes to stems. ( )(A)Prefixation(B) Derivation(C) Suffixation(D)Compounding12 According to the positions which affixes occupy in words, affixation falls into two subclasses:_and_. ( )(A)clipping; blending(B) compounding; conversion(C) conv

6、ersion; derivation(D)prefixation; suffixation13 Motivation accounts for connection between the linguistic symbol and_. ( )(A)its meaning(B) its sound(C) its form(D)none of the above14 The information about the word class of a word is part of its_ meaning. ( )(A)lexical(B) grammatical(C) central(D)de

7、rived15 By_motivation, we mean that the meaning of a word is related to its origin. ( )(A)onomatopoeic(B) morphological(C) semantic(D)etymological16 Words are arbitrary symbols with independent identities so far as their spelling and pronunciation is concerned. But_, all words are related in one way

8、 or another. ( )(A)linguistically(B) semantically(C) grammatically(D)pragmatically17 Semantic field, according to the course book, is also considered an integral part of_ ( )(A)word formation(B) word meaning(C) meaning change(D)sense relations18 “Teacher/student“ are_. ( )(A)contradictory antonyms(B

9、) relative antonyms(C) contrary antonyms(D)hyponyms19 Extension can be illustrated by the following example: _. ( )(A)butcherone who kills goats(B) journalperiodical(C) companionone who shares bread(D)allergictoo sensitive to medicine20 A “boor“ was merely a “peasant“ and now means a “rude, ill-mann

10、ered person“, which belongs to_of word meaning. ( )(A)extension(B) narrowing(C) elevation(D)degradation21 In the sentence “The old man, though poor, is a respectable gentleman.“, the word “respectable“ is used in the_ sense of transfer. ( )(A)subjective(B) objective(C) sensational(D)physical22 In a

11、narrow sense, context refers to_. ( )(A)words(B) clause(C) sentence(D)linguistic context23 “Paper“ in “a white paper“ mean “_“. ( )(A)essay written at the end of the term(B) government document(C) newspaper(D)a set of questions used as an exam24 The sentence “I like Mary better than you. “ is ambigu

12、ous due to_. ( )(A)extra-linguistic context(B) lexical context(C) grammatical context(D)homonymy25 Structural stability means the structure of an idiom is generally _. ( )(A)movable(B) unstable(C) unchangeable(D)ununderstandable26 Which of the following is not one of the types of idioms? ( )(A)Sente

13、nce idioms.(B) Idioms adverbial in nature.(C) Clausal idioms.(D)Idioms nominal in nature.27 Which of the following is not one aspect of the rhetorical features of idioms? ( )(A)Phonetic manipulation.(B) Lexical manipulation.(C) Syntactical manipulation.(D)Figures of speech.28 Collins COBUILD English

14、 Usage(1992), is a(n)_ dictionary. ( )(A)unabridged(B) desk(C) specialized(D)encyclopedic29 _contain much more encyclopedic information in the main body. ( )(A)American dictionaries(B) British dictionaries(C) Neither A or B(D)Both A and B30 In the definitions,_are all in full sentences, the most rea

15、dable of its kind. ( )(A)CCELD(B) LDCE(C) CED(D)none of the above二、填空题31 Grammarians insist that a word be a_form that can function in a sentence.32 The language used between 450 and 1150 is called_ English.33 _morphemes are chiefly found in derived words.34 Partial conversion and full conversion ar

16、e concerned with _ when converted to nouns.35 _motivation refers to the mental associations suggested by the conceptual meaning of a word.36 In dictionaries, a_ has its meanings all listed under one headword whereas homonyms are listed as separate entries.37 In the sentence “Just after two years he

17、is quite a grown boy now. “ The word “grown“ can be classified into_sense of transfer.38 The sentence “I lost Bettys picture“ is ambiguous due to_.39 The fixity of idioms depends on the_.40 British dictionaries generally use International Phonetic Alphabet while American ones employ_三、名词解释41 slang42

18、 inflectional affixes43 back-formation44 absolute synonyms45 replacement of idioms四、简答题46 Enumerate the major modes of modern vocabulary development.47 Some people hold that Shakespeare is more difficult to read than contemporary writings. Do you agree or disagree to this comment? State your reason(

19、s) with at least three examples.48 How many types are there in word-meaning changes?49 What factors should be taken into consideration in choosing a dictionary?五、论述题50 Comment on the following pairs of sentences in terms of su-perordinates and subordinates. a. The man said he would come to our schoo

20、l next week. b. The visiting scholar said he would visit our university next Monday.51 They chucked a stone at the police and then did bunk with the loot. Are all the words in this sentence used appropriately? If not, why? Then improve it.全国自考(英语词汇学)模拟试卷 2 答案与解析一、单项选择题1 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 题干译文:在古英语中,口语和

21、书面语形式之间有多少一致性?在英语的早期即古英语中口语和书面语形式比今天的现代英语更趋于一致。2 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 基本词汇具有下列明显的特点:全民性、稳定性、能产性、多义性和搭配性。3 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 非同化词是仍保留原来发音和拼写形式的词,也就是说,仅从发言和拼写形式我们便可看出这些词是外来词,如 decor(舞台装置,法语),bazaar(市场,波斯语),status quo(现状,拉丁语)等。选项分别为 denizens(同化词),aliens(非同化词),translationloans(译借词),semanticloans(借义词)。4 【正确答案】 C【

22、试题解析】 印欧语系包括欧洲的大多数语言、近东诸语言和印度语。选项分别为 Germanic(日耳曼语族),BaltoSlavic(波罗的海一斯拉夫语族),IndoEuropean(印欧语族 ),Indo-Iranian(印度一伊朗语族)。5 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 古英语时期指 450 至 1150 年,继占罗马人之后,盎格鲁、撒克逊和朱特 3 个日耳曼部落大批入侵英伦三岛,并很快永久性地控制了全岛,这些岛后来改称英格兰(盎格鲁人之岛)。现在人们一般把盎格鲁撒克逊语称为古英语,它属于早期日耳曼部落。6 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 复活古词和废弃词对整个英语词汇来说虽然影响不大,但确实是

23、一种发展方式,美国英语尤其喜用这一方式。如 loan(借贷)作及物动词在 13 世纪十分流行,后来此义就废弃不用了,而由 lend 代替,但 loan 的这一用法却在美国英语中复活了。7 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 bird ,man red,collection 四词中,bird,man,red 都是由单个的自由词素构成,因此这三个都是自由词素(free morpheme),而 collec-tion 由 2个词素构成(collect+ion) ,因此属于粘附词素 (bound morpheme)。8 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 题干译文:那些如果不附着其他语素就不能独立成词的是什么?不

24、能独立成词的词素叫粘附词素。之所以叫粘附词素是因为它们要粘附在别的词素上才能构成词,粘附词素主要出现在派生词里。选项分别为 free roots(自由词根),free morphemes(自由词素),bound morphemes(粘着词素),meaningful units(意义单位)。9 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 不能独立成词的词素叫粘附词素。之所以叫粘附词素是因为它们要粘附在别的词素上才能构成词。粘附词素有两类:粘附词根和词缀。10 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 现代英语中的词汇扩展主要依靠构词法,然而最为多产的构词方式有词缀法、复合法和转类法。通过词缀法产生的词占据新词总数的 30

25、至 40;复合法产生的新词占 28至 30;转类法提供了新词汇的 26。11 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 词缀法可以定义为通过给词干加构词词缀或派生词缀构成新词的一种构词方法。用这种方法构词叫派生构词。12 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 根据词缀在词中的位置,可将词缀法分为前缀法和后缀法。13 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 词义理据讨论的是语言符号和意义之间的联系。词的形式与意义的关系是约定俗成的、任意的,然而,有些英语词汇的形式和意义在某种程度上是有一定逻辑上的解释性。14 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 Grammatical meanings refers to that part of

26、 the meaning of theword which indicates grammatical concept or relationships such as part ofspeech of word,singular and plural meaning of nouns,tense meaning ofverbs and their inflectional form语法意义是指单词意义的一部分,显示语法概念或关系,如单词的词性,动词的时态意义和屈折形式。15 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 很多词的意义经常与其来源直接相关。换言之,词的历史解释了其意义。例如,现在人们用 pen

27、(笔)指代任何书写工具,尽管其最初意指 “羽毛”。这是因为在现代钢笔被创造之前,羽毛普遍地用作书写工具。尽管现代社会的人不再在书写中使用羽毛,但为了方便起见,这个名字仍保留下来。所有由专有名词普通化生成的词都能根据其来源进行解释。16 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 词就其外部方面的拼写和发音而言是具有任意性的符号和独立的单位。但在语义上,所有的词都是彼此相关的。一个与其他词相关联的词是在语义上与它们相关的,因而有了语义关系。17 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 语义场通常被认为是语义关系的组成部分。18 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 题干译文:“teacherstudent”属于下列哪项?它们属

28、于表示相互关系的反义词(relative terms),如 parentchild(父母子女)等。19 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 题干译文:下列哪个例子属于词义的扩大?词义的扩大也称普遍化,是指词的意义的扩展。这是一个词的词义从表达某一专门意义转化到表示概括意义的过程。也就是说,词义扩展,开始涵盖了更多的意义,比原有概念的范围更大了。journal 原义为 daily paper(日志),扩展义为 periodical(学报),属于 extension(词义的扩大)。其他选项均是原义。20 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 一个词的原义为褒义色彩,经过语义变化,变为含有贬义意义的词,这种变化叫

29、降格,即 degradation。许多在中世纪表示普通人的词现在已带有贬义。boor 原义为“农民”,现降格为“粗鲁的人”。21 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 题干译文:在“The old man ,though poor,is a respectable gentleman (这个老人,虽然很穷,却是一个值得尊敬的人)”一句中,“respectable”这个词是词义转移中的哪种转移?词义的变化除了词义扩大、缩小、升格和降格四种方式外,还有一种是词义的转移。词义的转移是指原先指某一事物的词后来转而指另一事物的演变过程。词义转移主要包括:联想转移、抽象名词和具体名词的转移、主观意义的词和客观意义

30、的词的转移等。本题中“respectable(值得尊敬的)” 属于客观意义转移。22 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 题于译文:从狭义上说,“语境”指什么?语境的含义有多种。狭义上讲,语境是指一个词所在的词群、从句和句群环境,这称为语言环境,可以包括一个段落、一个章节,甚至整个一本书。23 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 题干译文:“paper”在“in a white paper”中是什么意思?词汇语境是指与讨论中的词一起出现的单词。这个词的意义经常受邻近词的影响,并被其定义。例如,paper 在词典中有许多种意义,然而在 a whitepaper 中,它指政府文件。24 【正确答案】 C【试题

31、解析】 题干译文:造成句子“I like Mary better than you”歧义的原因是什么?语法结构(grammatical structure)也会引起歧义。本句话,我们要么说 I like Mary better than you do(我比你更喜欢 Mary),要么说 I like Marybetter than I do you(比起你,我更喜欢 Mary),或者说 I like Mary better asyou are untidy(我更喜欢 Maty,因为你不整洁)等。25 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 题干译文:结构稳定性是指一个习语的结构通常是怎样的?不像自由短语,

32、一个习语的结构在很大程度上是不可改变的。这主要表现在习语的组成成分不可替换或增减;语序不能倒装或改变;很多习语在语法上是不可分析的。26 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 题干译文:下面哪个不属于习语的分类之一?根据语法功能,习语可以分为五类:名词性习语、形容词性习语、动词性习语、副词性习语、句式习语。27 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 题干译文:下面哪个不属于习语的修辞特征?除了文体特征外,习语在语音运用、词汇运用和修辞手段等方面表现出明显的修辞色彩。28 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 题干译文:“Collins COBUILD English Usage(1992)”是一种什么样的词典?专用词

33、典专注于语言或知识的某个特定领域,如柯林斯英语用法词典(Collins COBUILD English usage,1992)。选项分别为 unabridged(大型的),desk(案头的),specialized(专用的) 。29 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 题干译文:哪种词典在正文中包含更多的百科信息?英国词典和美国词典之间存在着普遍的差异。美国词典在正文中比英国词典包含更多的百科信息,比如名人的名字、历史名胜的地名之类,而英国词典,特别是学习者词典,包含更多的语法信息。30 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 题干译文:以下哪种词典中的定义都是完整句子的形式,是词典类中最为易读的?CCELD

34、(科林斯英语词典)中的定义都是完整句子的形式,是词典类中最为易读的,定义本身也清楚明白地表示了该词典的语法用途。选项分中分别为 CCELD(科林斯英语词典),LDCE(朗文当代英语词典 ) ,CED(汉英词典)。二、填空题31 【正确答案】 free【试题解析】 语义学家们认为,词是一个意义单位,而语法学家们则认为,词是句子中能起作用的一个自由形式。32 【正确答案】 Old【试题解析】 古英语时期是指 450 年至 1150 年。继古罗马人之后,盎格鲁、萨克逊和朱特三个日耳曼部落大批入侵英伦三岛,并很快永久性地控制了全岛,这些岛后来改称英格兰。现在人们一般把盎格鲁一萨克逊语称为古英语。33

35、【正确答案】 Bound【试题解析】 不能独立成词的词素叫粘附词素。之所以叫粘附词素是因为它们要粘附在别的词素上才能构成词。粘附词素主要出现在派生词里。34 【正确答案】 adjectives【试题解析】 题干译文:部分转换构词法和全部转换构词法与什么词转化为名词的过程有关?形容词转化为名词是常见的。不像动词,不是所有的转换后的形容词都有名词的特性。有一部分完全转换了,这就是所谓的全部转换,另一部分只是部分转换,因此就是部分转换构词法。可见全部转换构词法和部分转换构词法都用于形容词转换成名词。35 【正确答案】 semantic【试题解析】 语义理据是指由词的概念意义所暗示的联想意义。这种理据

36、解释词的字面意义与比喻义之间的联系。如,在说 the foot of the mountain 时,我们是把山的低矮部分与人的脚联系起来。36 【正确答案】 polysemant【试题解析】 同形同音异义词的来源不同,而多义词是一个起源;在词典中多义词是列在同一个词条之下的,而同形同音异义词则列入不同的词条。37 【正确答案】 subjective【试题解析】 题干译文:只过了两年他就是一个大孩子了。这是主观上的感觉。38 【正确答案】 polysemy【试题解析】 句子中的“picture”一词既可以当“照片”讲,也可以当“图片”等讲,这是由于多义问题导致的歧义。39 【正确答案】 idio

37、maticity【试题解析】 习语的稳定性在于其习语性程度,习语的习语性越强,其结构也便越稳定。40 【正确答案】 Websters System。【试题解析】 对于单词的发音,英国和美国词典的标记系统差异很大。英国词典一般采用国际音标(International Phonetic Alphabet),美国词典使用韦伯斯特(Webster)系统。三、名词解释41 【正确答案】 Slang belongs to the sub-standard language, a category that seems to stand between the standard general words

38、including informal ones available to everyone and in-group words like cant (shoptalk of any sub-group) . jargon, and argot, all of which are associated with, or most available to, specific groups of the population. 42 【正确答案】 Affixes attached to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships

39、are inflectional, thus known as inflectional morphemes. The number of inflectional affixes is small and stable. 43 【正确答案】 Back-formation is considered to be the opposite process of suf-fixation. It is the method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes. Back-formation usually involves the

40、 following types of words. (1) Abstract nouns; (2) Human nouns; (3) Compound nouns and others; (4) Adjectives. Words created through back-formation are mostly verbs. 44 【正确答案】 Absolute synonyms also known as complete synonyms are words which are identical in meaning in all its aspects, i. e. both in

41、 grammatical meaning and lexical meaning. 45 【正确答案】 In some idioms, a constituent may be replaced by a word of the same part of speech, resulting in synonymous or antonymous idioms. 四、简答题46 【正确答案】 (l)Creation refers to the formation of new words by using the existing materials, namely roots, affixes

42、 and other elements;(2)Semantic change means an old form which takes on a new meaning to meet the new need. This does not increase the number of word forms but create many more new usages of the words, thus enriching the vocabulary.(3)Borrowing has played a vital role in the development of vocabular

43、y, particularly in earlier times.47 【正确答案】 I agree to this comment. Shakespeare is more difficult to understand than contemporary writings because many of his words were used in different senses from what they have now in contemporary daily life. Take his well-known play Hamlet as an example. Rival

44、means “partner“ as in “The rivals of my watch, bid them make hasten“; jump means “just“ as in “Thus twice before, and jump at this dead hour“; vulgar means “common“ as in “as common as any the most vulgar thing to sense“; censure means “opinion“ as in “Take each mans censure, but reserve thy judgeme

45、nt“. 48 【正确答案】 There are five types in word-meaning changes: (l)extension of meaning;(2)narrowing of meaning;(3) elevation;(4)degradation;(5) transfer.Of these, extension and narrowing are by far the most common. 49 【正确答案】 Generally speaking, we should consider whether the dictionary is monolingual

46、or bilingual, general or specialized, British or American, early edition or late edition as well as their content in accordance with our own needs.五、论述题50 【正确答案】 Superordinates in sentence a are:(l)man; (2)come; (3)school; (4) week. Subordinates in sentence b are: (1) scholar; (2)visit; (3)universit

47、y; (4)Monday. It is not too difficult to judge that in this pair sentenceb is better than sentence a, because in bthe writer uses subordinates, which are concrete and precise, presenting a vivid verbal picture before readers whereas in a the words are superor-dinates, which convey only a general and

48、 vague idea. 51 【正确答案】 (l)“Police“ is not proper. (2)In this sentence, “chuck“, “did a bunk“ and “loot“ are all slangs whereas “police“ is official. So “police“ is not consistent with other words stylistically. (3) “Police“ should be replaced by “cops“, i. e. They chucked a stone at the cops and then did a bunk with the loot.

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