1、全国自考（英语词汇学）模拟试卷 7 及答案与解析一、单项选择题1 Lexicology inquires into the_and meanings of words. ( )（A）relations（B） disciplines（C） origins（D）development2 The reason for that more and more differences occur between sound and form is that the English alphabet was adopted from the _. ( )（A）Pacifics（B） Germanics（C）
2、 Celtics（D）Romans3 _are words or forms that were once in common use but are now restricted only to specialized or limited use. ( )（A）Neologisms（B） Archaisms（C） Jargons（D）Terminologies4 It is assumed that the world has approximately 3000(some put it 5000) languages, which can be grouped into roughly
3、language families on the basis of similarities in their basic word stock and grammar. ( )（A）500（B） 4000（C） 300（D）20005 The introduction of at the end of the 6th century had a great impact on the English vocabulary. ( )（A）printing（B） Christianity（C） French words（D）all the above6 The Norman Conquest s
4、tarted a continual flow of French words into English. of them are still in use today. ( )（A）Eighty-five percent（B） Fifty-six percent（C） Seventy-two percent（D）Seventy-five percent7 _means an old form which takes on a new meaning to meet the new need. ( )（A）Creation（B） Semantic change（C） Borrowing（D）D
5、erivation8 Chiefly found in derived words, bound morphemes include _. ( )（A）bound roots（B） inflectional affixes（C） derivational affixes（D）all the above9 Of the following word-formation processes, is the most productive. ( )（A）clipping（B） blending（C） initialism（D）derivation10 Which of the following p
6、refixes can not be used to indicate time and order? ( )（A）Ex-.（B） Fore-.（C） Post-.（D）Para-.11 The differences between compounds and free phrases show in aspects. ( )（A）phonetic features（B） semantic features（C） grammatical features（D）all the above12 Which of the following words is not formed through
7、clipping? ( )（A）Dorm.（B） Motel.（C） Gent.（D）Zoo.13 Back-formation is considered to be the opposite process of _. ( )（A）prefixation（B） suffixation（C） acronymy（D）conversion14 Unlike reference, “sense“ denotes the relationships the language. ( )（A）inside（B） outside（C） between（D）out of15 _refers to that
8、part of the meaning of the word which indicates the following relationships such as word-class, tense meaning, etc. ( )（A）Lexical meaning（B） Conceptual meaning（C） Grammatical meanings（D）Associative meaning16 Normally, we classify styles into_. ( )（A）general, neutral, informal（B） formal, neutral, inf
9、ormal（C） frozen, casual, intimate（D）poetic, colloquial, slang17 In diachronic approach, other meanings apart from the primary meaning of a word were acquired by ( )（A）extension（B） narrowing（C） analogy（D）all the above18 The fundamental difference between homonyms and pol-ysemants is whether_. ( )（A）t
10、hey come from the same source（B） they are correlated with one central meaning（C） they are listed under one headword in a dictionary（D）all the above19 The way to define an antonym is based on_. ( )（A）contradiction（B） contrariness（C） oppositeness（D）relativeness20 The meaning of picture changed by the
11、mode of ( )（A）extension（B） narrowing（C） degradation（D）elevation21 The meaning of “fond“ changed from “foolish“ to “affectionate“ by mode of ( )（A）extension（B） narrowing（C） elevation（D）degradation22 Extra-linguistic factors of word-meaning change include _. ( )（A）historical reason（B） psychological re
12、ason（C） class reason（D）all the above23 Extra-linguistic context excludes . ( )（A）people（B） time（C） place（D）clauses24 _may prove extremely valuable in guessing the meanings of new words. ( )（A）Grammar（B） Context（C） Pronunciation（D）Ambiguity25 Which is not true of idioms? ( )（A）They are grammatically
13、analyzable.（B） Their word order can not be inverted.（C） An idiom is a semantic unity.（D）The structure of an idiom is usually unchangeable.26 _are mainly proverbs and sayings. ( )（A）Idioms nominal in nature（B） Idioms verbal in nature（C） Idioms adverbial in nature（D）Sentence idioms27 Idioms manifest a
14、pparent rhetorical colouring which doesnt include_. ( )（A）phonetic manipulation（B） lexical manipulation（C） stylistic manipulation（D）figures of speech28 The changes in constituents of idioms exclude_. ( )（A）replacement（B） addition or deletion（C） repletion（D）dismembering29 The best-known unabridged di
15、ctionary is_. ( )（A）Websters Third New International Dictionary（B） The Word Book Dictionary（C） The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology（D）The Encyclopedia Britannica30 American dictionaries contain more_information in the main body than the British. ( )（A）grammatical（B） encyclopedic（C） structural（
16、D）lexical二、填空题31 The relationship between a word and the thing it stands for is_32 After the Romans, the Germanic tribes came in great numbers. Soon they took_control of the land, which was to be called England.33 Derivational affixes can be further divided into_and suffixes.34 Almost all monomorphe
17、mic verbs can be used as nouns, which are_related to the original verbs in various ways according to Quirk et al.35 In many cases meaning is used in the sense of “_“.36 Perfect homonyms and polysemants are fully_with regard to spelling and pronunciation.37 Extension of meaning is a process by which
18、a word originally had a specialized meaning has now become_.38 Context can help eliminate ambiguity, provide clues for inferring word-meaning and give_ of referents.39 The same idiom may show_differences when it is assigned different meanings including affective meaning.40 LDCE is a_dictionary.三、名词解
19、释41 Modern English42 acronymy43 stylistic meaning44 transfer45 bilingual dictionary四、简答题46 Analyse the morphological structures of the following words and point out the types of the morphemes: unfriendly, interpersonal, fore-telling.47 What is the difference between partial and full conversion? Expl
20、ain with two examples.48 To comment on the rhetorical use of homophones in the following ad: Seven days without 7-Up make one weak.49 State the difference among the three terms linguistic context, grammatical context and context clue.五、论述题50 After he comes back, he oiled machine. In above sentence,
21、which word is a converted word? Explain the type of the conversion and the effect of the conversion.51 Read the following extract and try to guess the meaning of the word in italics. Then explain what contextual clues help you work out the meaning. “Get me an avocado, please,“ Janet said, smacking h
22、er lips, but her brother, with a glance up at the branches, said that there were none ripe yet.全国自考（英语词汇学）模拟试卷 7 答案与解析一、单项选择题1 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 Lexicology is a，inquiring into the origins and meanings of words词汇学研究词汇的起源和意义。2 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 With the development of the language，more and more differences
23、occur between the twoThe internal reason for this is that the English alphabet was adopted from the Romans随着语言发展，声音和形式之间的差异越来越大。产生这一差异的内在原因是英语拼写采用了罗马字母。3 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 Archaisms are words or forms that were once in common use but are now restricted only to specialized or limited use古语词是指过去曾经广泛使用而现在
24、仅限于某些特殊用法的词。4 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 It is assumed that the world has approximately 3000(some put it5000)languages，which can be grouped into roughly 300 language families on the basis of similarities in their basic word stock and grammar据估计，世界上约有3000 多种(有人认为有 5000 种)语言。这些语言可以根据他们的基本词汇和语法的相似性大致划为 300 个谱系。5 【
25、正确答案】 B【试题解析】 The introduction of Christianity had a great impact on the English vocabulary6 世纪末基督教的传人给英语词汇带来了很大影响。6 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 Between 1250 and 1500 about 9，000 words of French origin poured into EnglishSeventy-five percent of them are still in use today从 1250 年到 1500 年约有 9000 个法语词汇进入到英语中，其中 75
26、仍在使用。7 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 semantic change means an old form which takes on a new meaning to meet the new need旧词新义是指赋予旧有词汇新的含义以满足新的需要。8 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 Bound morphemes include two types ：bound root and affixAffix can be put into two groups：inflectional and derivational affixes粘附词素有两类：粘附词根和词缀。词缀又可分为两组：内部屈折
27、词缀和派生词缀。9 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 现在有许多种结构方式，如词缀法(affixation)、复合法(compounding)、转类法(conversion)、拼缀法(blending)、截短法(clipping)等。其中，用词缀法构词又叫派生词(derivation)，是最多产的构词方式。10 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 题干译文：下列哪一个前缀不是表示时间和顺序的?前缀 para 一表示“半，在旁边”，因此不是表示时间和顺序的。11 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 compounds differ from free phrases in the following three
28、 aspects：(1)Phonetic features；(2)Semantic features；(3)Grammatical features复合词和自由词组的区别表现在以下方面：(1)语音特点；(2)语义特点；(3)语法特点。12 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 题干译文：下列哪一个词不是通过截短法形成的?dorm 截自dormitory，gent 截自 gentlemen，zoo 截自 zoological garden。而 motel 是通过拼缀法形成的，源自 motor(汽车)+hotel(宾馆)。13 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 Backformation is conside
29、red to be the opposite of suffixation逆生法被认为是后缀法的对立过程。14 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 Unlike reference，“sense”denotes the relationship inside the language与所指不同的是，“语义”指的是语言内部的关系。15 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 题于译文：什么是指单词意义的一部分，显示语法概念或关系，如单词的词性，时态意义等?Grammatical meanings refer to that part of the meaning of the word which indica
30、tes grammatical concept or relationships such as part of speech of words，singular and plural meaning of nouns，tense meaning of verbs and their inflectional forms16 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 People normally classify styles into“formal”，“neutral”and“informal”，人们通常将文体分为正式、中性和非正式。17 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 题干译文：从历史角度来看，原始意
31、义外的派生意义是通过什么产生的?All the rest are derived later on from the primary meaningThese meanings were acquired by extension，narrowing，analogy，transfer，etc 18 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 区分同形同音异义词和多义词的一个重要标准是看它们的词源，第二个是语义是否相关。第三个是在词典中多义词是列在同一个词条下的，而同形同音异义词则列入不同的词条。19 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 Antonyms are classified on the basis of
32、 semantic opposition反义词是按语义相反的情况进行划分的。20 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 The word picture ，which originally denoted mere“painting”，but now has come to include“drawings”and even“photographs”，picture 一词原意为“绘画”，现意为各种画，甚至连照片也包括在内。21 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 Fond originally means“foolish”and now means“affectionate”fond一词的词义从“愚蠢”变为
33、“喜爱”，可见 fond 一词的词义升格了。22 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 Extra-linguistic factors include historical reason，class reason and psychological reason非语言因素包括历史原因、阶级原因和心理原因。23 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 Extra-linguistic context embraces the people，time，place，and even the whole cultural background非语言环境包括人物、时间、地点，甚至包括整个文化背景。24 【正确答案】 B
34、【试题解析】 Context may prove extremely valuable in guessing the meanings of new words语境在新词的意义猜测中证明是极有价值的。25 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 Each idiom is a semantic unityUnlike free phrases，the structure of an idiom is to a large extent unchangeableThe word order cannot be invertedMany idioms are grammatically unanalysa
35、ble很多习语在语法上是不可拆分的。因此 A 项错误。26 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 sentence idioms are mainly proverbs and sayings句式习语主要是谚语和格言。27 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 Idioms manifest apparent rhetorical colouring in such respects as of phonetic manipulation，lexical manipulation and figures of speech习语在语音运用、词汇运用和修辞手段等方面表现出明显的修辞色彩。28 【正确答案】 C【试
36、题解析】 题干译文：习语的成分经历的变化不包括下列哪一项?We may find changes in constituents of idioms：addition ，deletion ，replacement，position shifting，dismembering，etc 29 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 题干译文：最大的一部未经删节的词典是哪一部?The best known unabridged dictionary is Websters Third New International Dictionary30 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 American dictiona
37、ries contain more encyclopedic information in the mian body than the British美国辞典在正文中比英国辞典包含更多的百科信息。二、填空题31 【正确答案】 conventional【试题解析】 题干译文：一个词的声音和意义之间的关系是什么样的?The relationship between a word and the thing it stands for is conventional32 【正确答案】 permanent【试题解析】 题干译文：继古罗马人之后，盎格鲁、撒克逊和朱特 3 个日耳曼部落大批入侵，并很快怎
38、么样地控制了全岛，后来改成英格兰?After the Romans，the Germanic tribes called Angles，Saxons，and Jutes came in great numbersSoon they took permanent control of the land，which was to be called England33 【正确答案】 prefixes【试题解析】 题干译文：派生词缀可以分为什么和后缀?Derivational affixes can be further divided into prefixes and suffixes34 【正
39、确答案】 semantically【试题解析】 题于译文：几乎所有单语素动词都可以作名词，这些词在什么上和原来的动词以多种途径相关联?Almost all monomorphemic verbs can be used as nouns，which are semantically related to the original verbs in various ways according to Quirk et all35 【正确答案】 concept【试题解析】 题干译文：在许多情况下，“意义”在使用中作什么讲?In many cases meaning is used in the s
40、ense of“concept”36 【正确答案】 identical【试题解析】 题干译文：完全同形同音异义词和多义词都是在拼写和读音上怎么样的词?Perfect homonyms and polysemants are fully identical with regard to spelling and pronunciation37 【正确答案】 generalized【试题解析】 题干译文：词义的扩大是从表达某一门专门意义转化到表示什么意义的过程?Extension of meaning is a process by which a word which originally ha
41、d a specialized meaning has now become generalized38 【正确答案】 indication【试题解析】 题干译文：语境可以消除歧义，什么所指和提供线索以猜测词义。Context can help eliminate ambiguity，give indication of referents and provide clues for inferring wordmeaning39 【正确答案】 stylistic【试题解析】 题干译文：同一条习语在不同意义时，可能会显示出一些什么差异?The same idiom may show styli
42、stic differences when it is assigned different meanings40 【正确答案】 monolingual【试题解析】 题干译文：LDCE朗文当代英语词典是什么样的词典?LDCE and CCELD published in Britain are both monolingual dictionaries三、名词解释41 【正确答案】 The language has been used in England from 1500 up to now. It began with the establishment of printings in
43、England. Considering the changes in vocabulary, it is necessary to subdivide it into Early(1500_ 1700)and Late(1700 up to the present)Modern English. 42 【正确答案】 Acronymy is the process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of names of social and political organizations or special noun p
44、hrases and technical terms. 43 【正确答案】 Apart from their conceptual meanings, many words have stylistic features, which make them appropriate for different contexts. These distinctive features form the stylistic meanings of words. 44 【正确答案】 Words which were used to designate one thing but later change
45、d to mean something else have experienced the process of semantic transfer. 45 【正确答案】 Bilingual dictionary refers to a dictionary in which the main entries are defined in the same language with translation, or rather the headwords are defined in another language. 四、简答题46 【正确答案】 Each of the three wor
46、ds consists of three morphemes, unfriendly (un+friend + ly), interpersonal (inter+person+al), fore-telling (fore + tell + ing). Of all the morphemes, only friend, person, and tell are free morphemes as they can exist by themselves. All the rest un-,-ly, inter-,-al, fore-,-ing are bound as none of th
47、em can stand alone as words. 47 【正确答案】 A noun which is fully converted from an adjective has all the characteristics of nouns. Nouns which are partially converted from adjectives dont possess all the qualities that a noun does. For examples: partial conversion, the poor; full conversion, a white. 48
48、 【正确答案】 The message is from the fact that seven days make one week. But week and weak are homophones, i. e. the two words share the same pronunciation. Seven days and 7-Up (seven-up) both contain the same word seven. So the sentence can reminds people of the meanings: seven days without Seven-Up mak
49、e your body weak. 49 【正确答案】 Linguistic contexts refer to the words, clauses, sentences, paragraphs, or chapters in which a word appears. Grammatical contexts refer to structural patterns where a particular word is used. Context clues are hints given in a context to help explain the meaning of a word. 五、论述题50 【正确答案】 (l)“Oil“ is a converted word.(2)Noun to verb. (3)Economical and vivid. 51 【正确答案】 (1) relevant
