1、全国自考（英语词汇学）模拟试卷 4 及答案与解析一、单项选择题1 When we talk about a word in visual terms, a word can be defined as a_group of letters printed or written horizontally across a piece of paper. ( )（A）small（B） meaningful（C） vocal（D）large2 In spite of the differences, at least percent of the English words fit consiste
2、nt spelling patterns. ( )（A）sixty（B） seventy（C） eighty（D）ninety3 _are words used only by speakers of the dialect in question. ( )（A）Argots（B） Slangs（C） Jargons（D）Dialectal words4 In the Eastern set,_and_are each the only modern language respectively. ( )（A）Italic; Germanic（B） Armenian; Albanian（C） C
3、eltic; Hellenic（D）Balto-Slavic; Indo-Iranian5 After the invading Germanic tribes settled down in Britain, their language almost totally blotted out the . ( )（A）Old English（B） Middle English（C） Anglo-Saxon（D）Celtic6 Modern English began with the establishment of_in England. ( )（A）printing（B） Bourgeoi
4、s Revolution（C） Industrial Revolution（D）the Renaissance7 The plural morpheme “-s“ is pronounced as /s/ in the following words except_. ( )（A）packs（B） bags（C） cheats（D）ships8 Modern English is a(n)_language. ( )（A）analytic（B） synthetic（C） grammatical（D）all the above9 The words formed by affixation ar
5、e called_. ( )（A）affixes（B） derivations（C） derivatives（D）derivationals10 Which of the following is a case of suffixation? ( )（A）Hemisphere.（B） Attempt.（C） NATO.（D）Respondent.11 Verb compounds are created either through _ or _. ( )（A）affixation; conversion（B） clipping; affixation（C） conversion; backf
6、ormation（D）backformation; borrowing12 The word “sandwich“ which now denotes a popular fast food originates from_. ( )（A）Faraday（B） John Montague（C） Bloomers（D）Thomas More13 “_“ is not morphologically motivated words. ( )（A）Black Market（B） Airmail（C） Reading-lamp（D）Hopeless14 Functional words possess
7、 strong_ whereas content words have both meanings, and lexical meaning in particular. ( )（A）grammatical meaning（B） conceptual meaning（C） associative meaning（D）arbitrary meaning15 Associative meaning is not affected by_. ( )（A）experience（B） culture（C） language（D）education16 _is a semantic process in
8、which the primary meaning stands at the center and the secondary meanings proceed out of it in every direction like rays. ( )（A）Radiation（B） Concatenation（C） Derivation（D）Inflection17 _are words which have the same or very nearly the same essential meaning. ( )（A）Antonyms（B） Metaphors（C） Synonyms（D）
9、Similes18 _deals with the relationship of semantic inclusion. ( )（A）Polysemy（B） Homonymy（C） Antonymy（D）Hyponymy19 A legal term “alibi“ signifying “plea that the accused is not at the place when the crime is committed“ now means “excuse“. This change of word-meaning is called_. ( )（A）transfer（B） narr
10、owing（C） extension（D）degradation20 “Silly“ meant “happy“ in old English, but now it means “foolish“. This mode of word-meaning change is_. ( )（A）elevation（B） extension（C） transfer（D）degradation21 Dreadful and hateful belong to_. ( )（A）transfer from subjective to objective meaning（B） transfer of sens
11、ation（C） transfer from objective to subjective（D）transfer between abstract and concrete meanings22 _refers to the words that occur together with the word in question. ( )（A）Grammatical context（B） Lexical context（C） Clauses context（D）Sentences context23 Context clues have_ones in all. ( )（A）seven（B）
12、six（C） eight（D）five24 We say the structure of idioms are stable because_. ( )（A）the constituents of idioms cannot be replaced（B） the word order cannot be inverted or changed（C） many idioms are grammatically unanalysable（D）all of the above25 In terms of complexity of sentences, sentence idioms can be
13、 divided into three types except_. ( )（A）simple sentence（B） declarative sentence（C） compound sentence（D）complex sentence26 The idiom “toil and moil“ has_rhetorical colouring. ( )（A）rhyme（B） alliteration（C） reiteration（D）juxtaposition27 Jack of all trades belong to which kind of variation of idioms?
14、( )（A）Replacement.（B） Deletion.（C） Shortening.（D）Dismembering.28 All of the followings are desk dictionaries except ( )（A）Websters Third New International Dictionary（B） Websters New World Dictionary（C） Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary（D）Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English29 The main body o
15、f a dictionary is_. ( )（A）spelling（B） pronunciation（C） definitions of words（D）usage30 Almost every meaning of a word has an example to show its meaning and usage. This is the features of_. ( )（A）Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary（B） The Concise Oxford Dictionary（C） A Chinese-English Diction
16、ary（D）Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English二、填空题31 There are four types of borrowed words:_, aliens, translation-loans and semantic-loans.32 By the end of the eleventh century, _all of the people who held political or social power and many of those in powerful Church positions were of Norman Fr
17、ench origin.33 A root, whether free or bound, generally carries the main _of meaning in a word.34 _is the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another word.35 Meaning and concept are closely connected but not_36 Contrary terms are_antonyms.37 Narrowing of m
18、eaning is the opposite of_meaning.38 Idioms are colorful,_and thought-provoking.39 Juxtaposition means_are used in forming idioms.40 _dictionaries are the complete description of words available to us.三、名词解释41 morphs42 initialism43 sense relations44 linguistic context45 unabridged dictionaries四、简答题4
19、6 Words of the basic word stock denote the most common things and phenomena of the world around us. Illustrate with examples the respects the words relating to.47 How do you distinguish compounds from free phrases? Give examples to support your point.48 Use examples to illustrate the similarity and
20、difference between absolute synonyms and relative synonyms.49 Why is context very important for the understanding of word-meaning?五、论述题50 Analyze the components of the following words: revive, minicar, automobiles, exit, porter.51 Study the following sentence. If you find anything wrong, please expl
21、ain why and then improve the sentence. The boy ran after the girl with the flowers.全国自考（英语词汇学）模拟试卷 4 答案与解析一、单项选择题1 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 题干译文：当我们从视觉角度谈论词时，词的定义是怎样的?谈论词时，我们往往从词的视觉角度来定义。从这个意义上讲，词可以定义为书写或印刷在纸上、横排的一组有意义的字母。2 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 In spite of the differences，at least eighty percent of the English word
22、s fit consistent spelling patterns书面形式与口语形式虽然有差异，但 80以上的拼写在书面语和口语中还是统一的。3 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 Dialectal words are words used only by speakers of the dialect in question方言词限于讲方言的人所使用。4 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 In the Eastern set，Armenian and Albanian are each the only modern language respectively在东部诸语族中，亚美尼亚一阿尔巴尼亚语
23、族只留下今天的亚美尼亚语和阿尔巴尼亚语。5 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 继古罗马人之后，盎格鲁、萨克逊和朱特 3 个日耳曼部落大批入侵英伦三岛。他们的语言取得了主导地位，完全取代了凯尔特语。6 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 题干译文：随着什么传人英国，英语进入现代英语时期?Modern English began with the establishment of printing in England7 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 题干译文：名词复数的词素一 s 在下列哪一个词中不发 s的音?名词复数一 s 在t，p，k 后发s，而在d，b，g后发z。8 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 M
24、odern English is an analytic language现代英语是分析型语言。9 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 用词缀法构词叫派生构词(derivation)。用词缀法构词产生的词叫派生词(derivatives) 。10 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 题干译文：下列哪一项用了后缀法?hemisphere(半球)，用了前缀hemi 一；NATO(北大西洋公约组织)用的是首字母缩略法；respondent(应答者)是在动词 respond 后添加了一 ent 后缀。11 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 The limited number of verbs are created
25、 either through conversion or backformation有限的动词复合词是按转类法或逆生法构词的。12 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 The word sandwich，which now denotes a popular fast foodIt originates from John Montague，Fourth Earl of Sandwich in 18thcentury England“三明治”一词源于英国 18 世纪三明治第四代伯爵 JohnMontague。13 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 black market 的意义不是“黑色的市场”，而
26、是“非法买卖(黑市)”，因此不是形态理据。14 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 题干译文：功能词拥有很强的什么而实义词带有两种意义，特别是词汇意义?Functional words possess strong grammatical meaning whereas content words have both meanings，and lexical meaning in particular15 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 Associative meaning is liable to the influence of such factors as culture，experienc
27、e，religion，geographical region，class background， education，etc 联想意义易受文化、经历、宗教、地域、阶级背景、教育等因素的影响。16 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 Radiation is a semantic process in which the primary meaning stands at the centre and the secondary meanings proceed out of it in every direction like rays辐射型以原始意义为中心，从原始意义发展而来的次要意义就像射线那样
28、四处散去。17 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 题干译文：在意义上很相似或完全一样的词叫什么?Synonyms can be defined as words different in sound and spelling but most nearly alike or exactly the same in meaning18 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 Hyponymy deals with the relationship of semantic inclusion上下义关系涉及语义包容的关系。19 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 Extension of meaning is also
29、 found in many technical terms，which as the term suggests are confined to specialized useFor instance，alibi ，a legal term signifyingplea that the accused is not at the place when the crime is committed，has now come into common use，meaningexcuse许多意义有专指的技术术语中也有词义扩大的现象。比如说，alibi 原义为“不在犯罪现场的抗辩”，现义为“辩解，托
30、辞”。20 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 题干译文：silly 一词在古英语中意为“高兴”，但现义为“愚蠢”。这种语义变化的方式叫什么?词义的降格与词义的升格相反，这是词从表示褒扬或中性的意义向表示贬义的意义的演变过程。silly 一词的词义正是经历了这种变化。21 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 Other examples are dreadful and hateful，which have transferred from a subjective meaning to an objective meaningdreadful(可怕的)和 hateful(可恨的)这两个词从主观意义转化成
31、了客观意义。22 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 Lexical context refers to the words that occur together with the word in question词汇语境是指与讨论中的词一起出现的单词。23 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 题干译文：语境提示一共包括几个?Context clues vary a great deal but can be summed up as follows：(1)definition； (2)explanation；(3)example ；(4)synonymy；(5)antonymy ；(6)hyponym
32、y ；(7)relevant details ；(8)word structure可见一共包括 8 个。24 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 题干译文：之所以说习语的结构稳定是因为什么?习语的一大特性是结构稳定性，原因有四：(1)The constituents of idioms cannot be replaced(2)The word order cannot be inverted or changed(3)The constitutes of an idiom cannot be deleted or added to(4)Many idioms are grammatically u
33、nanalysable25 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 In terms of complexity they can be further divided into simple，compound and complex sentences就复杂性而言，句式习语能被进一步细分为简单句、复合句和复杂句。26 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 题干译文：习语 toil and moil 运用了什么修辞?toil and moil(辛苦地工作)， toil 和 moil 压尾韵，因此运用了韵脚，即 rhyme。27 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 题干译文：Jack of all trades 这一习
34、语属于何种习语变体?Jack of all trades 是 Jack of all trades and master of none 的缩略形式，表示“杂而不精的人；三脚猫”。因此这一习语属于习语大缩略变异形式。28 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 题干译文：下列哪一项不属于案头词典?Desk dictionaries are mediumsized ones containing words ranging from 50，000 to 150，000Among the bestknown British dictionaries are The Concise Oxford Dictio
35、nary，Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary，Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English and Collins COBUILD English Language DictionarySome of the most known American desk dictionaries are Websters New World Dictionary，2nd College Edition(1980)，and Websters Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary(1983)29 【正确答案】
36、 C【试题解析】 The main body of a dictionary is its definitions of words一本词典的正文是其单词的定义。30 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 题干译文：几乎每一个词的每条意义都有一个例子来显示其意义和用法。这是下列哪一本词典的特征?In CCELD ，almost every meaning of a word has an example to show its meaning and usage二、填空题31 【正确答案】 denizens【试题解析】 There are four types of borrowed words：de
37、nizens，aliens，translation loans and semanticloans外来语可分为4 类：同化词、非同化词、译借词和借义词。32 【正确答案】 virtually【试题解析】 到 11 世纪末，怎么样所有握有政治和社会权柄的人以及众多教堂职员都出身于诺曼血统?By the end of the eleventh century ，virtually all of the people who held political or social power and many of those in powerful Church positions were of No
38、rman French origin33 【正确答案】 component【试题解析】 不管是自由词根还是粘附词根，在词中都是意义的主要什么?The root，whether free or bound，generally carries the main component of meaning in a word34 【正确答案】 Blending【试题解析】 通过合并两个词的某些部分或一个词与另外一个词的一部分相加来构成新词的方法叫什么?Blending is the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a
39、word plus a part of another word35 【正确答案】 identical【试题解析】 意义和概念有紧密的联系，但并不怎么样?Meaning and concept are closely connected but not identical36 【正确答案】 gradable【试题解析】 相对反义词是什么样的反义词?Contrary terms are best viewed in terms of a scale running between two poles or extremesThey are gradable and one exists in c
40、omparison with the other37 【正确答案】 widening【试题解析】 词义的缩小是什么的相反?Narrowing of meaning is the opposite of widening meaning38 【正确答案】 forcible【试题解析】 习语丰富多彩、怎么样而且发人深省?Idioms are colorful，forcible and thoughtprovoking39 【正确答案】 antonyms【试题解析】 邻接的意思是用什么构成习语?Juxtaposition means antonyms are used in forming idio
41、ms40 【正确答案】 Unabridged【试题解析】 什么词典是对我们所能接触到的单词的最为完整的描写?Unabridged dictionaries are the complete description of words available to us三、名词解释41 【正确答案】 Morphs are actual spoken, minimal carriers of meaning/discrete units that realize morphemes in speech. 42 【正确答案】 Initial isms are words formed from initi
42、al letters and pronounced letter by letter. 43 【正确答案】 A word which is related to other words is related to them in sense, hence sense relations. The subjects that have long held the interest and attention of semanticists are polysemy, homonymy, synonymy, antonymy and hyponymy. 44 【正确答案】 Linguistic c
43、ontext refers to the part of a piece of writing or speech which surrounds a word and helps to explain its meaning. 45 【正确答案】 It is a complete record of all the words in use. It provides a great quantity of basic information about a word. 四、简答题46 【正确答案】 Words of the basic word stock are usually relat
44、ed to the following respects:(1)Natural phenomena: rain, snow, fire, water, sun, moon, etc.(2)Human body and relations: head, foot, hand, father, brother, etc.(3)Names of plants and animals: pine, grass, tree, sheep, cat, dog, etc.(4)Action, size, domain, state: come, go, good, young, cold, black, e
45、tc.(5)Numerals, pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions: one, you, etc. 47 【正确答案】 (1)Phonetic criterion stress pattern. In a compound, the stress usually falls on the first element whereas in a free phrase the stress occurs on the second element, e. g. green hand/gri:nhasnd/(compound) ,/gri:rihaend/(fr
46、ee phrase).(2)Semantic criterion. The meaning of a compound is generally different from the combination of the two elements whereas that of a free phrase is not, e. g. “red tape“ as a compound means “bureaucracy“, but as a free phrase it means “a tape that is red in colour“.(3)Grammatical criterion.
47、 Each compound is a grammatical unit which is inseparable, so generally no changes should occur within it, e. g. “fine art“ cannot be changed into “finer arts“. 48 【正确答案】 (l) Absolute synonyms (complete synonyms) are words which are identical in meaning in all its aspects. Absolute synonyms are rare
48、 in natural languages and restricted to highly specialized vocabulary, such as scarlet-fever/scarlatina in medicine.(2)Relative synonyms (near-synonyms) are similar or nearly the same in denotation, but embrace different shades of meaning or different degrees of a given quality. For example, to chan
49、ge a thing is to put another thing in its place;to alter a thing is to make it different from which it was before. 49 【正确答案】 As most words have more than one meaning, it is often impossible to tell the meaning of a word before it is used in context. Context is very important for the understanding of word-meaning because the meaning is influence
