1、清华大学考博英语-11 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Vocabula(总题数：40，分数：40.00)1.Brass concert music was _ to a new level in the 1880s when John Philip Sousa took over the U. S. Marine Band. A. strengthened B. headed C. lifted D. briefed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.Franklin Delano Roosevelt was the U. S. President w
2、hen many businesses were _ during the Great Depression. A. failing B. incorporating C. buying stocks D. expanding（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.Grand Teton National Park _ the most scenic portion of the glaciated, snow-covered Teton Range. A. excludes B. fulfils C. dominates D. expanding（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.4, He
3、at exhaustion is a condition caused by _ to sunlight or another heat source which often results in dehydration and salt depletion. A. a reaction to B. overexposure C. an limitation of D. an absence of（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.Some authorities trace the jury system to Anglo Saxon or even more _ Germanic tim
4、es A. remote B. similar C. austere D. barbaric（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.Hydrogeology is the study of water and its properties, including its _ and movement in and through land areas. A. flow B. absorption C. distribution D. evaporation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.A persons psychological _ has much to do with his or
5、her happiness in life. A. state B. territory C. interest D. nation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.Scientists generally hold that language has been so long in use that the length of time writing is known to cover is _ in comparison. A. overwhelming B. uninspiring C. astounding D. trifling（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.The Le
6、wis and Clark expedition _ the territory of the Louiskana Purchase and beyond as far as the Pacific Ocean. A. located B. searched C. exploited D. developed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.A loan refers to anything given on condition of its return or repayment of its _. A. excess B. debt C. currency D. equivalent
7、（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.Malaria is an infectious parasitic disease that can be either acute or chronic and is frequently _. A. repeating B. terminal C. debilitating D. recurrent（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.Mercury is the nearest planet to the sun and its period of _ is 88 days. A. movement B. evolution C. return
8、 D. revolution（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.13 Monkeys are excellent climbers, and most are _ tree dwellers. A. often B. primarily C. rarely D. savagely（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.The only safe way of distinguishing between edible and poisonous mushrooms is to learn to _ the individual species. A. identify B. classif
9、y C. isolate D. separate（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.Nepal is a country in central Asia that is landlocked and _ by the Himaiayas. A. secluded B. bordered C. integrated D. opened（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.16.As a salesman, he works on a _ basis, taking 10% of everything he sells. A. revenue B. commission C. salary D.
10、pension（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.17.The leaders of the two countries are planning their summit meeting with a _ to maintain and develop good ties. A. score B. priority C. pledge D. reward（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.18.The director of the research institute came in person to _ that everything was all right. A. make out
11、B. make sure C. make clear D. make up（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.19.Although the speaker was a well-known personality, his speech was poorly _. A. raised B. delivered C. lectured D. preached（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.20.Would you please bring me some _ catalogues? These are too old. A. modern B. fashionable C. up-to-dat
12、e D. out-of-date（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.21.It is not considered _ to pick ones teeth in public. A. respectful B. respected C. respectable D. respective（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.22.Beth could _ her coat easily because it has large red buttons. A. justify B. identify C. prove D. test（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.23.He was busy wr
13、iting the essay all the morning, only _ occasionally to have a cup of tea. A. breaking off B. breaking out C. breaking D. breaking away（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.24.The last guests to reach the hotel _ at 12 oclock at night. A. checked out B. checked up C. checked in D. chock on（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.25.Bill had be
14、en looking for his gloves for quite a while, which _ eventually under a cushion. A. turned up B. turned on C. turned down D. turned over（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.26.On hearing the news that her father died of a car accident, she _ tears. A. burst out B. burst in C. burst into D. burst forth（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2
15、7.The electronic computer is _ some of the tasks that were once accomplished by our own brains. A. taking care B. taking in C. taking off D. taking over（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.28.The picnic _ at last after being twice postponed. A. came off B. came up C. put on D. went on（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.29.He swallows his
16、 words so much that I can never _ what he is saying. A. make out B. put up C. deal with D. take up（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.30.If you _ your influence, they may change their decision. A. compel B. exert C. expose D. vary（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.31.Do you have an afternoon _ this week to meet the President? A. obtain
17、able B. available C. visible D. reliable（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.32.He _ the job because it involved too much traveling. A. took up B. applied for C. turned down D. switched to（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.33.The medias _ in the presidents private life switched the attention away from the real issues. A. capacity B. con
18、centration C. focus D. involvement（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.34.Juliet is not at work. She is taking a _ until the end of this week. A. vocation B. vacation C. vacancy D. volume（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.35.In todays rapidly changing economy, opportunities _ for those who are motivated and dedicated to achieving their
19、career goals. A. abound B. refrain C. transcend D. uphold（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.36.His strange behavior confirmed his neighbors in their _ that he was guilty. A. suspicion B. doubt C. estimate D. imagination（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.37.Next week youd better bring all your questions here. Were going to have a quest
20、ion-and-answer _. A. section B. service C. session D. course（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.38.This distinguished director _ the plot for the prizewinning film while he was still a college student. A. conceived B. constituted C. reflected D. calculated（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.39.The police have asked for the _ of the publ
21、ic in tracing the whereabouts of the missing child. A. award B. co-operation C. position D. helpfulness（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.40.He phoned his uncle who lived in the country, asking him to _ his two schoolmates for the weekend. A. assemble B. accommodate C. raise D. resemble（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、Part Reading
22、 Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Scientists now tend to agree that the noise level for potential hearing loss begins at about 70 decibels. Some of them are very concerned because normal daily life often exposes people to noise levels of about 70 decibels even inside their homes. Citi
23、es have always been noisy, but noise is now spreading to areas that were quiet just a few years ago.Clearly, something must be done or noise will seriously and permanently maim the population. Fortunately, the knowledge and methods to control noise already exist. As a matter of fact, this is one ins
24、tance where the knowledge of control methods exceeds the knowledge about the effects on human life and on the environment.There are two common means for control. The first is reducing noise at its source, and the second is changing the sound path by distance or by shielding.The second approach is be
25、ing used more often today as people become more aware of the danger of noise. New building codes require better sound insulation in homes and apartments. More and more towns are passing zoning ordinances that try to segregate noisy factories or airports from residential areas. Sound-absorbent materi
26、als and construction designed to block sound paths are slowly coming into use in offices and homes. New highways are being built to redirect traffic noise up and away from nearby areas. Aircraft are increasingly being required to use reduced power flights around airports.There are many examples of a
27、vailable noise control methods that are not being used. More flexible building codes would permit the use of quieter kinds of plumbing pipes. Sound-absorbing materials can reduce the noise of motors and engines. Power generators can be quieted with baffles, exhaust silencers, and sound absorbers. Tr
28、uck tires can be made with quieter treads. In many cases, the cost of building quieter machines is the same or only slightly higher than that of the current noisy ones. Even though the new equipment may cost more initially, it can prove more profitable in the long run. The new jumbo jets, for exampl
29、e, are quieter than the older ones, yet they are more powerful and carry twice as many passengers. All of these methods are only partial measures as noisy levels continue to rise. Most specialists in the field agree that much of the solution must come from eliminating some of the noise at its source
30、, therefore saving through prevention the large costs of hearing loss.（分数：5.00）(1).The noise level for possible bearing loss begins at about _. A. 30 decibels B. 75 decibels C. 100 decibels D. none of the above（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Jet pilots are being advised to land _. A. on longer runways B. from
31、nearby areas C. after dark D. with reduced power（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).How many practical means for controlling noise does the author present? A. one B. two C. three D. four（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The reader can assume that airport of the future will _. A. have runways in a north-south pattern B. be loca
32、ted in unpopulated areas C. be required to warn passengers of high noise levels D. in nearby areas（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Jumbo jets are mentioned as examples of _. A. efficient transportation with low levels of noise B. vehicles that cause serious air pollution C. scientific advances that do more harm
33、 than good D. quieter and older vehicle（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.四、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Every time a person eats something he makes a nutritional decision. He accepts or rejects the food available to him at home for meals or snacks. Or he selects food for himself at many places in the community, such as
34、 supermarkets, drive-ins, restaurants, and food counters in drugstores. These selections make a difference in how an individual looks, how he feels, and how well he can work and play.When a good assortment of food in appropriate amounts is selected and eaten, the consequences are more likely to be a
35、 desirable level of health and enough energy to allow one to be as active as one needs and wants to be, When choices are less than desirable, the consequences are likely to be poor health or limited energy or both.Studies of diets of individuals in the United States show that food selection is a hig
36、hly individual matter, even, among young children. Furthermore, far too many individuals of all ages ale making poor choices day after day and are either now living with the consequences or will be in the future.Nutritionists and workers in allied professions have been concerned about helping people
37、 learn to select and enjoy a wide variety of food combinations that can add up to a good diet.Most people believe that they are well fed-that the choices they make are good ones. After all, they are not really sick, neither are they hungry. However, their nutrition is usually poor in one respect or
38、another. Milk and milk products, such as cheeses, ice cream or milk, buttermilk, and yogurt, are often slighted. Then people may skip many fruits and vegetables, particularly those that are good sources of vitamins A and C. These include dark green. Leafy vegetables; deep yellow vegetables; and citr
39、us fruits and vegetables, such as cabbage, tomatoes, and green peppers.Every American has the right to choose to be uniformed about nutrition as wall as to be informed. If a person believes that she is well fed, attitudes, habits, and information cannot be forced upon her.There are life situations,
40、however, that tend to cause all individual to want to know how to make the best choices. For example, a young couple is starting a family and must prepare food for young children.（分数：5.00）(1).Food preference in America is _. A. culturally oriented B. inherited C. individualistic D. according to ages
41、（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Good amounts of vitamin A can be found in _. A. celery B. banana C. milk D. cabbage（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the author, nutritionists are concerned with _. A. improving the vitamin content of processed foods B. restricting the manufacture of high cholesterol foods C. in
42、forming the public about wholesome foods D. helping people enjoying uninformed about nutrition（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Some people judge their nutrition by the _. A. status of their health B. grocery stores where they shop C. amount of protein in their diets D. food they took（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The aut
43、hor advocates _. A. requiring high school students to take courses on nutrition B. making information on nutrition available to the public C. forcing food manufacturers to list ingredients on packages D. people has the right to choose food（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.五、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：5.00)It didnt happe
44、n overnight. The problem of polluted air has been festering for centuries.Suddenly the problem of air pollution is becoming critical and is erupting right before our eyes. Not only do our eyes bum as they focus through murky air, but when the air clears, we see trees and vegetation dying. We must re
45、alize that this destruction can no longer be pinned to some mysterious cause. The one major culprit is air pollution.Todays air pollution is an unfortunate by-product of the growth of civilization. Civilized mall desires goods that require heavy industrialization and mass production. Machines and fa
46、ctories sometimes pollute and taint the air with substances that are dangerous to man and the environment. These substances include radioactive dust, salt spray, herbicide and pesticide aerosols, liquid droplets of acidic matter, gases, and sometimes soil particles. These materials can act alone to
47、irritate objects and forms of life. More dangerously, they join together to act upon the environment. Only lately have we begun recognizing some of their dangerous consequences.Scientists have not yet been able to obtain a complete report on the effects of air pollution on trees. They do know, however, that sulfur dioxide, fluorides, and ozone destroy trees and that individual trees respond differently to the numerous particulate and gaseous pollutants, Sometimes trees growing in a single area under attack by pollutants will show s
