1、2005年清华大学考博英语真题试卷（精选）及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 Ploughs and other agricultural implements were on display at the recent exhibition. （ A） equations （ B） playthings （ C） tools （ D） machinery 2 My own inclination, if I were in your situation, would be to look for another position. （ A） sympto
2、m （ B） likeness （ C） habit （ D） tendency 3 The combination of lenses in a compound microscope makes possible greater amplification than can be achieved with a single lens. （ A） management （ B） magnificence （ C） magnetism （ D） magnification 4 The degree of downward slope of a beach depends on its com
3、position of deposits as well as on the action of waves across its surface. （ A） sentiment （ B） sediment （ C） semester （ D） segment 5 The rigor of the winter in Russia was often described by Mogol. （ A） harshness （ B） perturbation （ C） dismay （ D） pessimism 6 Nowadays, the prescribed roles of the man
4、 as “breadwinner“ and the woman as housewife are changing. （ A） ascribed （ B） prevalent （ C） original （ D） settled 7 A divorcee, Tom is the sole provider in a typical “single parent“ family. （ A） religious （ B） spiritual （ C） exclusive （ D） chief 8 The old woman is chronically ill in bed and seldom
5、goes out. （ A） seriously （ B） dangerously （ C） continually （ D） incurably 9 The driver stopped his car so abruptly that he was hit by the cab behind him. （ A） impolitely （ B） violently （ C） suddenly （ D） maladroitly 10 Benin Mayer Alcott based the principal characters of her book Little Women on her
6、 sisters and herself. （ A） original （ B） central （ C） subjunctive （ D） oriental 11 Largely due to the university tradition and the current academic milieu, every college student here works _. （ A） industrially （ B） industriously （ C） consciously （ D） purposefully 12 I dont think its sensible of you
7、to _ your greater knowledge in front of the chairwoman, for it may well offend her. （ A） show up （ B） show off （ C） show out （ D） show away 13 _, he did become annoyed with her at times. （ A） Much as he liked her （ B） As he liked her much （ C） Although much he liked her （ D） Much although he liked h
8、er 14 If we dont stop flirting with those deathly nuclear weapons, the Whole globe will be _. （ A） empowered （ B） punished （ C） polluted （ D） annihilated 15 One of the important properties of a scientific theory is its ability to _ further research and further thinking about a particular topic. （ A）
9、 invent （ B） stimulate （ C） renovate （ D） advocate 16 When in his rebellious years, that is when he was sixteen or eighteen, Frank Anderson _ going around with a strange set of people and staying out very late. （ A） took to （ B） took up （ C） took on （ D） took in 17 In spite of the wide range of read
10、ing material specially designed or _ for language learning purposes, there is yet no effective and systematic program for the reading skills. （ A） appointed （ B） assembled （ C） acknowledged （ D） adapted 18 In 1816, an apparently insignificant event in a remote part of Northern Europe _ Europe into a
11、 bloody War. （ A） imposed （ B） plunged （ C） pitched （ D） inserted 19 The municipal planning commission said that their financial outlook for the next year was optimistic. They expect increased tax _. （ A） privileges （ B） efficiency （ C） revenues （ D） validity 20 The problem of pollution as well as s
12、everal other issues is going to be discussed when the Congress is in _ again next spring. （ A） convention （ B） conference （ C） session （ D） assembly 二、 Reading Comprehension 20 On September 7, 2001, a 68-year-old woman in Strasbourg, France, had her gall bladder (胆囊 ) removed by surgeons operating,
13、via computer from New York. It was the first complete telesurgery procedure performed by surgeons nearly 4, 000 miles away from their patient. In New York, Marescaux teamed up with surgeon Michel Gagner to perform the historic long-distance operation. A high-speed fiber-optic service provided by Fra
14、nce Telecom made the connection between New York and Strasbourg. The two surgeons controlled the instruments using an advanced robotic surgical system, designed by Computer Motion Inc that enabled the procedure to be minimally invasive. The patient was released from the hospital after about 48 hours
15、 and regained normal activity the following week. The high-speed fiber-optic connection between New York and France made it possible to overcome a key obstacle to telesurgery time delay. It was crucial that a continuous time delay of less than 200 milliseconds be maintained throughout the operation,
16、 between the surgeons movements in New York and the return video (from Strasbourg) on his screen. The delay problem includes video coding, decoding and signal transmission time. France Telecoms engineers achieved an average time delay of 150 milliseconds. “I felt as comfortable operating on my patie
17、nt as if I had been in the room,“ says Marescaux. The successful collaboration (合作 ) among medicine, advanced technology, and telecomm unications is likely to have enormous implications for patient care and doctor training. Highly-skilled surgeons may soon regularly perform especially difficult oper
18、ations through long-distance procedures. The computer systems used to control surgical movement can also lead to a breakthrough in teaching surgical techniques to a new generation of physicians. More surgeons-in-training will have the opportunity to observe their teachers in action in telesurgery op
19、erating rooms around the world. Marescaux describes the success of the remotely performed surgical procedure as the beginning of a “third revolution“ in surgery within the last decade. The first was the arrival of minimally invasive surgery, enabling procedures to be performed with guidance by a cam
20、era, meaning that the abdomen (腹部 ) and thorax (胸腔 ) do not have to be opened. The second was the introduction of computer-assisted surgery, where complicated software algorithms (计算法 ) enhance the safety of the surgeons movements during a procedure, making them more accurate, while introducing the
21、concept of distance between the surgeon and the patient. It was thus natural to imagine that this distance-currently several meters in the operating room-could potentially be up to several thousand kilometers. 21 The title that best expresses the main idea is _. （ A） How the Second Revolution in Sur
22、gery Comes Out （ B） The Telesurgery Revolution （ C） A Patient Was Saved （ D） Dream Comes True 22 The italicized word “telesurgery“ (Line 3, Para. 1) can be best explained as _. （ A） an operation done over a distance （ B） an operation done on television （ C） an operation demanding special skill （ D）
23、an operation demanding high technology 23 How long did it take the patient to resume her normal activity after the operation? （ A） 24 hours. （ B） 48 hours. （ C） About a week. （ D） Almost a month. 24 What is the major barrier to telesurgery? （ A） Distance. （ B） Advanced technology. （ C） Delay. （ D） M
24、edical facilities. 25 The writer implies that _. （ A） difficult operations can be successfully performed all over the world now （ B） compared to the “third revolution“ in surgery, the first two are less important （ C） all patients can be cured by a gall bladder-removal operation （ D） a new breakthro
25、ugh has been made in surgery 25 The multi-billion-dollar Western pop music industry is under fire. It is being blamed by the United Nations for the dramatic rise in drug abuse worldwide. “The most worrisome development is a culture of drug-friendliness that seems to be gaining prominence (显著 ) ,“ sa
26、id the UNs 13-member International Narcotics Control Board in a report released in late February 1998. The 74-page study says that pop music, as a global industry, is by far the most influential trend-setter for young people of most cultures. “Some lyrics advocate the smoking of marijuana (大麻 ) or t
27、aking other drugs, and certain pop stars make statements and set examples as if the use of drugs for non-medicinal purposes were a normal and acceptable part of a persons lifestyle,“ the study says. “Surprisingly“, says the Board, “the effect of drug-friendly pop music seems to survive despite the o
28、ccasional shock of death by overdose (过量用药 ). Such incidents tend to be seen as an occasion to mourn the loss of a role model, and not an opportunity to confront the deadly effect of recreational drug use.“ Since the 1970s, several internationally famous singers and movie stars-including Elvis Presl
29、ey, Janice Joplin, John Belushi, Jimi Hendrix, Jonathan Melvin and Andy Gibbs-have died of either drug abuse or drug related illnesses. With the globalization of popular music, messages tolerating or promoting drug abuse are now reaching beyond their countries of origin. “In most countries, the name
30、s of certain pop stars have become familiar to the members of every household, “the study says. The UN study also blames the media for its description of certain drug issues-especially the use of marijuana and issues of liberalization and legalization, which encourages, rather than prevents, drug ab
31、use. “Over the last years, we have seen how drug abuse is increasingly regarded as being acceptable or even attractive, “ says Harold Ghodse, president of the Board. “Powerful pressure groups run political campaigns aimed at legalizing controlled drugs,“ he says. Ghodse also points out that all thes
32、e developments have created an environment which is tolerant of or even favorable to drug abuse and spoils international drug prevention efforts currently underway. The present study, he says, focuses on the issue of demand reduction and prevention within an environment that has become tolerant of d
33、rug abuse. The Board calls on governments to do their legal and moral duties, and to act against the pro-drug messages of the youth culture to which young people increasingly are being exposed. 26 Which of the following statements does the author tend to agree with? （ A） The use of drugs for non-med
34、icinal purposes is an acceptable part of a persons lifestyle. （ B） The spreading of pop music may cause the drug abuse to go beyond the boundaries of the country. （ C） No efforts have been made to prevent the spreading of drug abuse. （ D） The governments have no ability to act against the pro-drug m
35、essages of the youth culture. 27 The italicized phrase “under fire“ (Line 1, Para. 1) means _. （ A） in an urgent situation （ B） facing some problems （ C） being criticized （ D） quite popular 28 Under the influence of drug-friendly pop music, what might the youth think of the death of some pop stars c
36、aused by overdose? （ A） They tend to mourn the pop stars as role models. （ B） They are shocked to know even pop stars may abuse drugs. （ C） They try to confront the deadly effect of “recreational“ drug use. （ D） They may stop abusing the drugs. 29 Which of the following is not mentioned in the passa
37、ge as a factor that has contributed to creating an environment tolerant of or even favorable to drug abuse? （ A） The spreading of pop music. （ B） The media. （ C） Political campaigns run by powerful pressure groups. （ D） The low price of some drugs. 30 The pop music _. （ A） has a great influence on y
38、oung people of most cultures （ B） only appeals to a small number of young people （ C） is not a profitable industry （ D） is the only culprit (罪魁祸首 ) responsible for drug amuse 30 The Alaska pipeline starts at the frozen edge of the Arctic Ocean. It stretches southward across the largest and northern
39、most state in the United States, ending at a remote ice-free seaport village nearly 800 miles from where it begins. It is massive in size and extremely operating. The steel pipe crosses windswept plains and endless miles of delicate tundra that tops the frozen ground. It weaves through crooked canyo
40、ns, climbs sheer mountains, plunges over rocky crags, makes its way through thick forests, and passes over or under hundreds of rivers and streams. The pipe is 4 feet in diameter, and up to 2 million barrels of crude oil can be pumped through it daily. Resting on H-shaped steel racks called “bents,
41、“long sections of the pipeline follow a zigzag course high above the frozen earth. Other long sections drop out of sight beneath spongy or rocky ground and return to the surface later on. The pattern of the pipelines up-and-down route is determined by the often harsh demands of the arctic and subarc
42、tic climate, the tortuous lay of the land, and the varied compositions of soil, rock, or permanently frozen ground. A little more than half of the pipeline is elevated above the ground. The remainder is buried anywhere from 3 to 12 feet, depending largely upon the type of terrain and the properties
43、of the soil. One of the largest in the world, the pipeline cost approximately $8 billion and is by far the biggest and most expensive construction project ever undertaken by private industry. In fact, no single business could raise that much money, so 8 major oil companies formed a consortium in ord
44、er to share the costs. Each company controlled oil rights to particular shares of land in the oil fields and paid into the pipeline-construction fund according to the size of its holdings. Today, despite enormous problems of climate, supply shortages, equipment breakdowns, labor disagreements, treac
45、herous terrain, a certain amount of mismanagements and even theft the Alaska pipeline has been completed and is operating. 31 The passage primarily discusses the pipelines _. （ A） operating costs （ B） employees （ C） consumers （ D） construction 32 The word “it“ (Line 3, Para. 1 ) refers to _. （ A） pi
46、peline （ B） ocean （ C） state （ D） village 33 The author mentions all of the following as important in determining the pipelines route EXCEPT the _. （ A） climate （ B） lay of the land itself （ C） local vegetation （ D） kind of soil and rock 34 How many companies shared the costs of constructing the pip
47、eline? （ A） 3. （ B） 4. （ C） 8. （ D） 12. 35 Which of the following determined what percentage of the construction costs each member of the consortium would pay? （ A） How much oil field land each company owned. （ B） How long each company had owned land in the oil fields. （ C） How many people worked fo
48、r each company. （ D） How many oil wells were located on the companys land. 35 Margherita is a London girl and arriving at Capital was like coming home. “I grew up listening to Capital Radio,“ she says. “People say, Wasnt it frightening, joining such well-known presenters? But everyone here is so dow
49、n to earth. It would be off putting if the others had people doing their make-up, or star signs on their office doors. But theres none of that-Mick Brown, for instance, finishes his show and wanders off to get the bus home with everyone else.“ Margherita says that her own musical tastes varied. But she doesnt pick her own music for her shows. The Capital computer selects the records in advance from a list approved by the station managers. “The station has a certain sound,
