1、考研英语(一)-20 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Space Shuttle Project is one of the first huge-typed spaceflight instruments used for many times in the world, organized by American National Aviation andSpaceflight Bureau, the main researches of (1) are researching and makin
2、g the system of space shuttle, suggesting and choosing (2) and landing ports,deciding the scheme of reclaiming the roll booster of solid rocket, (3) the establishment of repairing the roll booster, and rebuilding and expanding the building of the (4) and controlling system. At the beginning of 1969,
3、 the United States set up a group that specially researched the development direction of spaceflight with (5) for the next stage, (6) by deputy president. After (7) and research, it suggested that an aerocraft with great benefits in (8) should be made, eg (9) the spaceflight being its leading stanch
4、ion. In this project, five orbit implements were prescribed to be made, (10) “ Exploitation“, “ Columbia“, “ Challenger“,“Discovery“ and “Atlands“. In 1970, spaceflight got into an all-round (11) of research and manufacture. The whole-project had to delay more than three years. Five orbit implements
5、 were (12) to be four and flight experiment for six times was also decreased for four, (13) the number of production was cut down, according to the original scheme. In April 1971 this (14) was decided that Kennedy Space Centre was used for the launching and landing port for space shuttles, and Edwar
6、ds Air Base was used for the (15) landing port. In February 1977,“Exploitation“ Orbit Implement started to have entering and landing experiment sin Edwards Air Base. From May 12, 1981 to July 4, 1982, “Columbia“ Space Shuttle successfully finished four flight experiments for research and manufacture
7、, (16) meant that the (17) and manufactures were over in (18) form. It (19) about 12 years and cost more than 75 billion US dollars to finish the whole project. On November 11, 1990, space shuttles began to fly for (20) .（分数：10.00）(1).A. what B. which C. where D. that（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. labeling
8、 B. hauling C. hawking D. launching（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. building B. breaching C. breeding D. bugging（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A. obscuring B. rejecting C. observing D. refining（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. people B. member C. man D. person（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. led B. deprived C. leaked D. diluted（分数：0.50）
9、A.B.C.D.(7).A. weapon B. investigationC. wisdom D. irritation（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. economicsB. finance C. accounting D. economy（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. in B. with C. by D. through（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A. modified B. propelled C. named D. provoked（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. convictionB. stage C. contex
10、t D. stand（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. dedicatedB. boosted C. browsed D. decreased（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A. as B. if C. though D. once（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. parallel B. outfit C. programmeD. outlet（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. uniform B. spark C. unity D. spare（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. whereas B. what C. whe
11、ther D. which（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. resolutionB. renaissanceC. researches D. resemblance（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A. due B. sober C. drastic D. feeble（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. spent B. took C. consumed D. absorbed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A. commerceB. business C. trade D. transaction（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Sec
12、tion Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)On the ground floor of the Federal Reserve building in Washington, DC, there is an electronic game which tests a visitors skill at setting interest rates. You have to decide how to respond to events such as rising inflation
13、 or a stockmarket crash. If you get all the answers right, the machine declares you the next Fed chairman. In real life, because of huge uncertainties about data and how the economy works, there is no obviously right answer to the question of when to change interest rates. Nor is there any easy test
14、 of who will make the best Fed chairman. So who would The Economist select for the job? Alan Greenspan will retire as Fed chairman on January 31st, after a mere 181/2 years in the job. So George Bush needs to nominate a successor soon. Mr. Bush has a penchant for picking his pals to fill top jobs: l
15、ast week he nominated his personal lawyer Harriet Miers to the Supreme Court. But his personal bank manager really would not cut the mustard as Fed chairman. This is the most important economic-policy job in Americaindeed in the whole world. The Fed chairman sets interest rates with the aim of contr
16、olling inflation, which in turn helps determine the value of the dollar, the worlds main reserve currency. It is hardly surprising that financial markets worldwide can rise or fall on his every word. Financial markets are typically more volatile during the first year after the handover to a new chai
17、rman than during the rest of his tenure. In October 1987,barely two months after Mr. Greenspan took office, the stock market crashed. Current conditions for a handover are hardly ideal. Americas economy has never looked so unbalanced, with a negative household savings rate, a housing bubble, a hefty
18、 budget deficit, a record current-account deficit and rising inflation. Figures due on October 14th are expected to show that the 12-monthrate of inflation has risen above 4% its highest since 1991.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following questions does the text discuss? A. What is the content of the el
19、ectronic game? B. Who could fill Alan Greenspans shoes? C. How to respond to events such as rising inflation? D. Who could change interest rates?（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The phrase “cut the mustard“ in the second paragraph most probably means_. A. “be qualified“ B. “lower interest rate“ C. “be acquisiti
20、ve“ D. “spend spree/（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following words best defines the relationship between the value of dollar and setting of interest rates? A. Counteractive. B. Naive. C. Interactive. D. Novel.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following, according to the text, is a common phenomen
21、on? A. Financial markets and stock markets crash due to the handover. B. Comment by the Fed chairman are invalid in the world financial markets. C. Inflation rises above 4% record high level. D. Remarks by the Fed chairman can sway the world financial markets.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The author mentions
22、 “a housing bubble“ in the last paragraph so as to_. A. clarify the fact that Alan Greenspan will retire as Fed chairman B. exemplify the rumor that Mr. Bush has a penchant for picking his pals to fill top jobs C. illustrate the notion that the present situations for a handover are hardly ideal D. r
23、efute the theory that American economy has never looked so unbalanced（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)“The essential qualities of a true Pan-Americanism“, remarked Franklin Roosevelt in 1933, “must be the same as those which constitute a good neighbour, namely mutual understanding and a symp
24、athetic appreciation of the others point of view.“ That is advice which the United States would do well to heed in its relations with its immediate neighbours, Canada and Mexico. Most Americans may not be aware of it, but frustrations and resentments are building just across their borders to both so
25、uth and north. Of course, neighbourly ties in North America are closer than in Roosevelts day. Under the North American Free-Trade Agreement (NAFTA), trade among the three countries has more than doubled since 1994 and cross-border investment climbed even faster. In the aftermath of the terrorist at
26、tacks of September 11th 2001, the United States moved quickly to sign “smart border“ agreements with both Canada and Mexico, to try to ensure that the demands of security did not interrupt trade. By the standards of much of the 20th century, political ties between the United States and Mexico are wa
27、rm. Yet go to either border and you wouldnt know all this. Fed up with the flow of illegal migrants from the south, the governors of Arizona and New Mexico this month declared a state of emergency. Violence between drug gangs recently led the United States temporarily to close its consulate in Nuevo
28、 Laredo, the busiest border-crossing point. The American ambassador bluntly criticises Mexico for its failure to prevent drug-related violence along the border. That has prompted retaliatory verbal blasts from Mexican officials. Canadas mood is not much more cordial. Since September 11th, Canadians
29、and Americans alike have become less keen on popping over what they liked to call “ the worlds longest undefended border“ for shopping or recreation. Canadians increasingly disagree with Americans over matters as varied as the Iraq war and gay marriage. They are disillusioned with NAFTA, claiming it
30、 has failed to prevent the United States from unlawfully punishing their exports of, for example, lumber. So what? Friction is in the nature of international relations, and the problems on the northern border are different from those in the south. Yet there is a common denominator. Americans tend to
31、 see security, migration, drugs, even trade, as domestic political issues. But so they are for Canada and Mexico too. Like it or not, Americans rely on their neighbours for prosperity, energy and help with security. It behoves all three countries to show some “sympathetic understanding“.（分数：10.00）(1
32、).It can be inferred from the first paragraph that_. A. the essential qualities of a true Pan-Americanism were defined by Franklin Roosevelt B. mutual understanding is one of the most far-reaching elements in North America C. few Americans may be aware of otherspoint of view D. Americas friendship w
33、ith Canada and Mexico risks going sour（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Political relationship is discussed in the text so as to_. A. illustrate Canadas cordial mood toward Mexico and America B. interpret the improved neighbourly ties in North America C. foretell the prospect of international relations D. gauge
34、the flow of illegal migrants from Mexico（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The term “the south“ in the third paragraph most probably refers to_. A. the Southern part of America B. Mexico C. the Southern hemisphere D. the South Africa（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the text, America and Canada have yet to reach
35、consensus on_. A. lumber export B. the Iraq reconstruction C. homo marriage D. defense of the worlds longest border（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).In the last paragraph of the text, the author intends to define_. A. the friction of the northern border B. the significance of international ties C. the difference
36、 between Canadians and Mexicans D. the importance of being good neighbours（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)It has long been the subject of speculation among the police and criminologists: what would happen if all the officers who now spend so much of their time taking statements, profiling c
37、riminals and moving pieces of paper around were suddenly put on the streets? Crime figures released by Londons Metropolitan Police this week provide the best answer yet. Following the bombings of July 7th and 21st, thousands of police officers materialised on Londons pavements, many of them sporting
38、 brightly coloured jackets. Drawn from all over the city, they were assigned to guard potential targets such as railway stations. The police presence was especially heavy in the bombed boroughs: Camden (which was struck three times), Hammersmith and Fulham, Lambeth, Tower Hamlets, Westminster and th
39、e City of London. The show of force did not just scare off terrorists. There was less crime in July than in May or June, which is unusual: the warmer month tends to bring out criminal tendencies, as windows are left open and alcohol is imbibed alfresco. But the chilling effect was much stronger in t
40、he six boroughs that were targeted by terrorists. There, overall crime was down by 12% compared with July 2004.In inner London as a whole, crime fell by 6%. But in outer London, where the blue line was thinner, it went up slightly. Simon Foy, who tracks such trends at the Metropolitan Police, says t
41、hat crime fell particularly steeply on the days of the attacks, partly because of the overwhelming police presence and partly because “even criminals were watching their televisions“. What is significant is that crime barely rose thereafter. That was a change from the aftermath of September 11th 200
42、1, when crime quickly soared just about everywherepossibly because officers were deployed only in the very centre of London. “The received wisdom among criminologists is that marginal changes invisible patrolling have little or no effect on crime,“ says Mike Hough, a criminologist at Kings College L
43、ondon. Julys experiment should put that argument to rest. Even if offenders do not make rational calculations about the odds of being caughtwhich was low both before and after the bombingsthey will be moved by a display of overwhelming force.（分数：10.00）(1).What does the word “materialise“ mean in the
44、 second paragraph? A. Bomb. B. Investigate. C. Provoke. D. Appear.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following facts, according to third paragraph of the text, will betaken for granted by British? A. The warmer month tends to result in criminal tendency. B. Crime went up slightly in July. C. The show
45、 of force did put an end to terrorists. D. Bombings are inevitable in outer London.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).It can be inferred from the text that the crime occurrence may be associated with_. A. the trends which can be tracks B. the deployment of the blue line C. the overwhelming presence of criminals i
46、n London D. the number of the days of terrorist attacks（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The authors attitude toward Mike Houghs remark is_. A. consent B. ambivalent C. denial D. approval（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A. London Bombings Are Severe B. Terrorists
47、Are Scared Off C. Terrorism Cuts Crime D. Marginal Changes Take Place（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Last weekend, sportsmen and women of an unusually hardy disposition descended on Sherborne, a pretty Dorset town. There, they swam twice around Sherborne Castles lake, cycled 180km and then
48、ran a marathon. The winners of this gruelling raceBritains inaugural Ironman triathlonwere rewarded with a spot in a prestigious race in Hawaii, where yet more pain awaits. For a sport barely known in Britain five years ago, triathlon has grown at a sprinters pace. This year the British Triathlon As
49、sociation, the governing body, will sanction some 450 triathlons, duathlons (running and biking ) and aquathlons (running and swimming). These vary from tough races aimed at endurance junkies to shorter events designed to lure newcomers. By far the most successful is the London triathlon, which, three weeks ago, brought 8,000half of them first-timersto the Royal Victoria Dock in east London. That made it the worlds biggest. There are echoes of the jogging craze of the early 1980s. Both sports are American export
