1、考研英语(一)-67 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)With the increasing pace of economic globalization and competition among various countries in the market, information, technology, professionals, capital and other types of economic resources is becoming increasingly evident.
2、International 1 is becoming progressively 2 . Previously 3 competition among enterprises in different countries is growing gradually into competition among governments that finds expression in a concentrated form. Previous 4 contention for enterprises“ interests in the world market now evidences its
3、elf in the contention for 5 interests. In this new situation, to 6 national interests and to enable a country to be constantly in a favorable position in the international market, the most important thing is to have a highly 7 government that 8 the full trust of citizens. The basic objective of the
4、study of the “government administration“ is to 9 the competitive edge of a government in the international market, to 10 the efficiency and quality of government administrative behaviors, and to enhance the skills and the efficiency of government policy operations. The evident 11 between government
5、administration and enterprise management lies in the fact 12 the former is a macro-activity and represents the overall national interests. Considering this from the 13 of the theory of behavioral efficiency function, the degree of the efficiency and quality of government administrative behaviors and
6、 the standard of the skills and the efficiency of government policy operations have a direct 14 on the amount of national interests and the degree of security and happiness of its people. Thus, to 15 the level of overall national interests requires a highly efficient enterprise management and a high
7、-quality enterprise group with significant core competitiveness. More importantly, it requires highly efficient government administration and the government“s international competitiveness to have a 16 advantage. For China, a country that is still in the 17 of “shift in the mode of growth“ and “tran
8、sformation in the system“, the fundamental 18 to turn this objective into a 19 is to make innovations in government administration. So, against the 20 backgrounds of economic globalization and the domestic economic transformation, how should we make innovations in government administration? I think
9、many things can be done in this regard. Yet the most important thing is to effect the change of the concept, functions, forms and the institution of government administration.（分数：10.00）A.informationB.identificationC.competitionD.imaginationA.fiercerB.easierC.cruellerD.cruderA.concentratedB.scattered
10、C.complicatedD.concernedA.uniqueB.universalC.unitedD.unitaryA.nationalB.internationalC.internalD.externalA.generalizeB.maximizeC.mobilizeD.moralizeA.sufficientB.deficientC.efficientD.inefficientA.pantsB.curvesC.dazzlesD.enjoysA.arrayB.contriveC.corrodeD.enhanceA.impressB.proveC.improveD.preachA.diff
11、erenceB.indifferenceC.fluenceD.influenceA.whichB.thatC.whatD.whoA.cradleB.angleC.eagleD.stableA.hearingB.sharingC.bearingD.caringA.upliftB.maintainC.drawD.reachA.manageableB.liableC.movableD.notableA.phaseB.phraseC.pulseD.impulseA.impurityB.approachC.obstacleD.shriekA.localityB.publicityC.realityD.d
12、ynastyA.durableB.dueC.dullD.dual二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The relentless march of technology into everyday life has always given rise to debate about whether it is a good or a bad thing. Some believe that the Internet and computer software are
13、making humans more stupid or shallow. But others argue that computer programs in the form of video games can make people smarter or improve specific skills, such as spatial awareness. Shawn Green and Alexandre Pouget, from the University of Rochester, in New York state, set out to find an answer. Th
14、eir study, reported in Current Biology, involved a number of experiments. In one, the participants had to watch 12 dots moving randomly on a screen and quickly assess their aggregate direction of movement. Another test asked participants to work out the direction of specific sounds embedded within s
15、tereo white noise. In both tests the video-garners did better. However, the scientists were aware that gamers could have been born with improved abilities to perform such tasks, which were possibly what attracted them to gaming in the first place. Consequently, a third test was necessary to see if t
16、hese abilities could have been learnt. The non-gaming volunteers were put through 50 hours of video-game training. For some this involved playing fast-action shoot-em-up games such as “Call of Duty 2“ and “Unreal Tournament“, but others were given a slow-moving life-strategy game, “ The Sims 2“. The
17、 researchers found that those trained with action games raised their performance to the level of the experienced garners. Moreover, they were more efficient in their use of visual or auditory evidence than those playing with the Sims. The researchers conclude that fast action video-games players dev
18、elop an enhanced sensitivity to what is going on around them and that this may help with activities such as multitasking, driving, reading small print, navigation and keeping track of friends or children in a crowd. The precise neural mechanism for this effect, however, is still unknown. What is kno
19、wn is that people make decisions based on probabilities that are constantly being calculated and refined in their headssomething called “probabilistic inference“. The brain collects small pieces of information, eventually gathering enough to make an accurate decision. When driving a car, for example
20、, many probabilities will be collated to make decisions such as whether or not to brake. The more efficient someone is at collecting visual and auditory information, the faster he can reach the threshold needed to make a decision. Shawn Green, Alexandre Pouget suggest that reaction times in the popu
21、lation will probably improve with the rise of fast-action video-games. There are a lot of players : last year a report estimated that 67% of American households contained at least one video-gamer. And if video-gamers are really better equipped to make quick decisions, they might also turn out to be
22、better drivers and end up in fewer accidents. However, the notion that gamers acquire some minor physical skills may not pacify concerned parents. What, after all, of the skills they are not acquiring when shooting virtual cops instead of reading or talking?（分数：10.00）(1).The problem of first two exp
23、eriments lies in that _.（分数：2.00）A.they are too simple to support researchers“ assumptionB.they do lead to unambiguous conclusionC.they focus on irrelevant skills of participantsD.they do not seperate video-garners from non-gamers(2).The conclusion drawn by researchers is that _.（分数：2.00）A.the skill
24、s of playing video games can be perfected by practiceB.playing video games make people smarterC.those who play action video games are more efficient in collecting sensory information around themD.video-gamers“ performance in fulfilling specific tasks is better than non-gamers(3).According to Paragra
25、ph 5, people make decisions based on _.（分数：2.00）A.visual and auditory information in the surroundingsB.meaningful processing of relevant informationC.rapid calculating of the possibility of an eventD.quickly reaching the threshold of decision-making(4).It is suggested in the last paragragh that vied
26、o-gamers“ parents will _ Shawn Green and Alexandre Pouget“s findings.（分数：2.00）A.sniff atB.applaud atC.take a relief withD.give a cold shoulder to(5).It can be inferred from the text that _.（分数：2.00）A.the improvement of average reaction time of American is oweing to fast-action video game playingB.ac
27、cute perception of surrounding information is essential to human being“s survival in this societyC.more and more Americans will be advocated to play fast-action video games because it can help to reduce accidents on roadsD.not all video games will lead to better perceptual skills五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10
28、.00)The average American drinks a gallon of soda a week, which delivers roughly 1, 000 calories and no nutrition . The average American is also overweight or obese. Could changing one of those things help change the other? A growing number of officials think so, which accounts for a spate of propose
29、d new taxes on soda as a way to discourage consumption while at the same time raising money to fund other obesity-fighting initiatives . Some 20 states and cities, from New Mexico to Baltimore, contemplated soda taxes this spring. The reaction against them has been swift and fierce. In March, scores
30、 of soda-company employees sporting Pepsi, Coke and 7-Up gear swarmed the Kansas state senate to fight a proposal that would have added a penny in tax for each teaspoon of sugar in a nonjuice drink. That would have increased the price of a 12-oz. soda by about 10 （分数：10.00）(1).The officials proposed
31、 new taxes on soda for all these purposes Except _.（分数：2.00）A.reducing citizens“ calorie intakeB.increasing government revenueC.bridging the gap between the rich and the poorD.raising money for public-health programs(2).Which proverb can best illustrate the attempt of senator John Vratil?（分数：2.00）A.
32、Kill the goose that laid the golden eggB.You cannot eat your cake and have itC.Beating the grass and startling the snakeD.Killing two birds with one stone(3).According to Paragraph 4, scientists chose soda for taxation because _.（分数：2.00）A.they find no correlation between other food and obesityB.sod
33、a tax is much easier to implement than other food taxC.too much soda has been consumed in the past three decadesD.the correlation between soda and obesity is most distinct(4).Soda tax will lead to decrease in _.（分数：2.00）A.soda drinkingB.calorie in-takeC.children obesity rateD.employment rate(5).Acco
34、rding to the poll in the last paragraph, citizens“ attitude toward soda tax is _.（分数：2.00）A.dividedB.uncertainC.positiveD.contradictory六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)This fall the Pew Research Center, in association with TIME, conducted a nationwide poll exploring the contours of modern marriage and the ne
35、w American family. And of all the transformations our family structures have undergone in the past 50 years, perhaps the most profound is the marriage differential that has opened between the rich and the poor. In 1960 the median household income of married adults was 12% higher than that of single
36、adults, after adjusting for household size. By 2008 this gap had grown to 41%. In other words, the richer and more educated you are, the more likely you are to marry, or to be married or, conversely, if you“re married, you“re more likely to be well off. To begin the question of why the wealth dispar
37、ity between the married and the unmarried has grown so much, it might be useful to take a look at the brief but illustrative marriage of golfer Greg Norman and tennis star Chris Evert, who married in June 2008 and divorced 15 months later. From all reports, their union had many of the classic hallma
38、rks of modern partnerships. The bride and groom had roughly equal success in their careers. Being wealthy, sporty and blond, they had similar interests. This is typical of the way many marriages start. Americans are increasingly marrying people who are on the same socioeconomic and educational level
39、. Since more women than men have graduated from college for several decades, it“s more likely than it used to be that a male college graduate will meet, fall in love with, wed and share the salary of a woman with a degree. Women“s advances in education have roughly paralleled the growth of the knowl
40、edge economy, so the slice of the family bacon she brings home will be substantial. On the face of it, this might explain why fewer people are married. They want to finish college first. In 2010 the median age of men getting hitched for the first time is 28.2, and for women it“s 26.1. It“s gone up a
41、bout a year every decade since the “60s. But here“s the rub . In the past two decades, people with only a high school education started to get married even later than college graduates. In 1990 more high-school-educated couples than college graduates had made it to the altar by age 30. By 2007 it wa
42、s the other way around. What has brought about the switch? It“s not any disparity in desire. According to the Pew survey, 46% of college graduates want to get married, and 44% of the less educated do. P romising publicly to be someone“s partner for life used to be something people did to lay the fou
43、ndation of their independent life. It was the declaration of adulthood. Now it“s more of a finishing touch, the last brick in the edifice , sociologists believe. Marriage is the capstone for both the college-educated and the less well educated, “ says Johns Hopkins“ Cherlin. “The college-educated wa
44、it until they“re finished with their education and their careers are launched. The less educated wait until they feel comfortable financially. “ But that comfort keeps getting more elusive. “The loss of decent-paying jobs that a high-school-educated man or woman could get makes it difficult for them
45、 to get and stay married, “ says Cherlin. As the knowledge economy has overtaken the manufacturing economy, couples in which both partners“ job opportunities are disappearing are doubly disadvantaged. So they wait to get married.（分数：10.00）(1).The marriage between Greg Norman and Chris Evert is used
46、to illustrate _.（分数：2.00）A.the rise of women in socioeconomic statusB.the typical features of modern marriageC.the example of happy marriageD.the fragility of modern marriage(2).Which of the following phrases is NOT the synonym of “get married“ ?（分数：2.00）A.Get hitchedB.Go to the altarC.Touch the fin
47、ishing lineD.Get united(3).The less-educated tend to marry later than the well-educated due to the changes of _.（分数：2.00）A.economic structureB.social structureC.political structureD.educational structure(4).Which of the following may be agreed both by the well-educated and less-educated nowadays?（分数
48、：2.00）A.One should not get married until he is fully prepared, economically or psychologicallyB.Marriage is a good opportunity for one to climb up social ladderC.Woman should go outside to bring back home her share of slice of baconD.Marriage is just not as necessary as it used to be in practical te
49、rms(5).The best title for this passage perhaps could be _.（分数：2.00）A.The New Meaning of MarriageB.The Changing View about MarriageC.New Equality in MarriageD.The New Marriage Gap七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Imagine a world where your doctor could help you avoid sickness, using knowledge of your genes as well as how you live your life. Or where he would prescribe drugs he knew would work and not have debilitating side-effects . Such a future is arriving faster than most realise: genetic tests are already widely used to identify patie
