1、考研英语(一)-43 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Many foreigners who have not visited Britain call all the inhabitants English, for they are used to thinking of the British Isles as England. U U 1 /U /U, the British Isles contain a variety of people, and only the people of Engla
2、nd call themselves,English. The others U U 2 /U /Uto themselves as Welsh, Scottish, or Irish,U U 3 /U /Uthe case may be; they are often slightly annoyed at being U U 4 /U /Uas “English“. Even in England there are many differences in U U 5 /U /Ucharacter and speech. The chief U U 6 /U /Uis between so
3、uthern England and northern England. South of a line going from Bristol to London, people speak the type of English usually U U 7 /U /Uby toreign students, U U 8 /U /Uthere are local variations.Further north, regional U U 9 /U /Uis usually “broader“ than that of southern Britain. Northerners are U U
4、 10 /U /Uto claim that they work harder than Southerners, and are more U U 11 /U /U. They are openhearted and hospitable; foreigners often find that they make friends with them U U 12 /U /U. Northerners generally have hearty U U 13 /U /U: the visitor to Lancashire or Yorkshire, for instance, may loo
5、k forward to receiving generous U U 14 /U /Uat meal times. In accent and character the people of the Midlands U U 15 /U /Ua gradual change from the southern to the northern type of Englishman.In Scotland the sound U U 16 /U /Uby the letter “ R“ is generally a strong sound, and “ R“ is often pronounc
6、ed in words in which it would be U U 17 /U /Uin southern English, The Scots are said to be a serious, cautious, thrifty people, U U 18 /U /Uinventive and somewhat mystical. All the Celtic peoples of Britain (the Welsh, the Irish, the Scots) are frequently U U 19 /U /Uas being more “ fiery“ than the
7、English. They are of a race that is quite U U 20 /U /Ufrom the English.（分数：10.00）(1). A. In essence B. In brief C. In fact D. As a consequence（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2). A. confine B. refer C. attach D. add（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3). A. as B. in C. for D. so（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4). A. called B. classified C. spoke
8、n D. specified（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5). A. personal B. regional C. respective D. national（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6). A. factor B. elements C. privileges D. division（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7). A. acquired B. obtained C. gained D. required（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8). A. as though B. if only C. though D. in spite of（分数：0.50）
9、A.B.C.D.(9). A. competition B. speech C. advance D. balance（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10). A. accustomed B. bound C. inclined D. possible（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11). A. hostile B. notorious C. superior D. thorough（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12). A. swiftly B. promptly C. immediately D. quickly（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13). A. appet
10、ites B. tastes C. interests D. senses（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14). A. helpings B. offerings C. fillings D. findings（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15). A. demonstrate B. designate C. represent D. reckon（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16). A. delivered B. denoted C. depicted D. defined（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17). A. quiet B. obscure C. fain
11、t D. silent（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18). A. rather B. still C. somehow D. even（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19). A. rendered B. thought C. impressed D. described（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20). A. distinct B. extinct C. instinctive D. definite（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、BSection Readi(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、BPart A/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、BText 1/B(
12、总题数：1，分数：10.00)If soldiering was for the money, the Special Air Service (SAS) and the Special Boat Service (SBS) would have disintegrated in recent years. Such has been the explosion in private military companies (PMCs) that they employ an estimated 30,000 in Iraq aloneand no government can match th
13、eir fat salaries. A young SAS trooper earns about 2,000 ($3,500 ) a month; on the “circuit“, as soldiers call the private world, he could get 15,000. Why would he not? For reasons both warm-hearted and cool-headed. First, for love of regiment and comrades, bonds that tend to be tightest in the most
14、select units. Second, for the operational support, notably field medicine, and the security, including life assurance and pension, that come with the queens paltry shilling. Although there has been no haemorrhaging of special force (SF) fighters to the private sector, there has been enough of a tric
15、kle to cause official unease. A memo recently circulated in the Ministry of Defence detailed the loss of 24 SF senior non-commissioned officers to private companies in the past year. All had completed 22 years of service, and so were eligible for a full pension, and near the end of their careers. Ye
16、t there is now a shortage of hard-bitten veterans to fill training and other jobs earmarked for them, under a system for retaining them known as “continuance.“ America has responded to the problem by throwing cash at it, offering incentives of up to $150,000 to sign new contracts. The Ministry of De
17、fence has found a cheaper ploy. It has spread the story of two British PMC employees, recently killed in Iraq, whose bodies were left rotting in the sun.（分数：10.00）(1).It can be inferred from the first paragraph that_. A. the private world is called “circuit“ by soldiers B. PMCs employ an estimated 3
18、0,000 soldiers in Iraq alone C. Britains best soldiers stand resolute against mammon D. A young SBS trooper earns about 15,000（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The word “security“ in the second paragraph most probably means_. A. protection B. document C. certificate D. safety（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Paragraph 2 is w
19、ritten to_. A. advance both warm-hearted and cool-headed causes B. reinterate the significance of queens paltry shilling C. shed light on the love of regiment and comrades D. interpret why young SAS troopers would not get 15,000（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The conclusion can be made from the third paragraph
20、 that_. A. the Ministry of Defence detailed 24 SBS troopers B. the fat salaries by the private military companies have worked to some SF troopers C. the present system for retaining hard-bitten veterans is impeccable D. 20 years of service underlies a full pension（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).In the last par
21、agraph of the text, the author has_. A. comment on a tip B. anticipate a result C. made a contrast D. depict a sample（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、BText 2/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The domestic economy in the United States expanded in a remarkably vigorous and steady fashion. The revival in consumer confidence was refl
22、ected in the higher proportion of incomes spent for goods and services and the marked increase in consumer willingness to take on installment debt. A parallel strengthening in business psychology was manifested in a stepped-up rate of plant and equipment spending and a gradual pickup in expenses for
23、 inventory. Confidence in the economy was also reflected in the strength of the stock market and in the stability of the bond market. For the year as a whole, consumer and business sentiment benefited from the ease in East-West tensions.The bases of the business expansion were to be found mainly in
24、the stimulative monetary and fiscal policies that had been pursued. Moreover, the restoration of sounder liquidity positions and tighter management control of production efficiency had also helped lay the groundwork for a strong expansion. In addition, the economic policy moves made by the President
25、 had served to renew optimism on the business outlook while boosting hopes that inflation would be brought under more effective control. Finally, of course, the economy was able to grow as vigorously as it did because sufficient leeway existed in terms of idle men and machines.The United States bala
26、nce of payments deficit declined sharply. Nevertheless, by any other test, the deficit remained very large, and there was actually a substantial deterioration in our trade account to a sizable deficit, almost two-thirds of which was with Japan. While the overall trade performance proved disappointin
27、g, there are still good reasons for expecting the delayed impact of devaluation to produce in time a significant strengthening in our trade picture. Given the size of the Japanese component of our trade deficit, however, the outcome will depend importantly on the extent of the corrective measures un
28、dertaken by Japan. Also important will be our own efforts in the United States to fashion internal policies consistent with an improvement in our external balance.The underlying task of public policy for the year ahead-and indeed for the longer run- remained a familiar one.- to strike the right bala
29、nce between encouraging healthy economic growth and avoiding inflationary pressures. With the economy showing sustained and vigorous growth, and with the currency crisis highlighting the need to improve our competitive posture internationally, the emphasis seemed to be shifting to the problem of inf
30、lation. The Phase Three program of wage and price restraint can contribute to reducing inflation. Unless productivity growth is unexpectedly large, however, the expansion of real output must eventually begin to slow down to the economys larger run growth potential if generalized demand pressures on
31、prices are to be avoided.（分数：10.00）(1).The author mentions increased installment debt in the first paragraph in order to show A. the continuing expansion of the economy. B. the growth of consumer purchasing power. C. the consumers confidence in the economy. D. the soaring consumer incomes for spendi
32、ng.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Paragraph 2 mainly deals with A. the revival of stronger liquidity positions. B. the stimulative monetary and fiscal policies. C. the causes of business development for the period. D. economic policy measures suggested by the President.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).It can be inferred
33、from the third paragraph that the authors attitude toward the reduction of the international payments deficit seems A. bitter-sweet. B. optimistic. C. sympathetic D. depressing.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Part of the public policy task, as outlined in the text, is to A. prevent payments deficit. B. avoid i
34、nflationary pressures. C. devalue the dollar. D. increase the balance of trade.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).It can be learned from the last paragraph that the Phase Three program contained A. reduced government spending. B. devaluation of the dollar. C. productivity measures. D. wage and price controls.（分数：
35、2.00）A.B.C.D.六、BText 3/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Is the literary critic like the poet, responding creatively, intuitively, subjectively to the written word as the poet responds to human experience? Or is the critic more like a scientist, following a series of demonstrable, verifiable steps, using an objectiv
36、e method of analysis?For the woman who is a practitioner of feminist literary criticism, the subjectivity versus objectivity, or critic-as-artist-or-scientist, debate has special significance; for her, the question is not only academic, but political as well, and her definition will provoke special
37、risks whichever side of the issue it favors. If she defines feminist criticism as objective and scientific-a valid, verifiable, intellectual method that anyone, whether man or woman, can perform-the definition not only makes the critic-as-artist approach impossible, but may also hinder accomplishmen
38、t of the utilitarian political objectives of those who seek to change the academic establishment and its thinking, especially about sex roles. If she defines feminist criticism as creative and intuitive, privileged as art, then her work becomes vulnerable to the prejudices of stereotypic ideas about
39、 the ways in which women think, and will be dismissed by much of the academic establishment. Because of these prejudices, women who use an intuitive approach in their criticism may find themselves charged with inability to be analytical, to be objective, or to think critically. Whereas men may be fr
40、ee to claim the role of critic-as-artist, women run different professional risks when they choose intuition and private experience as critical method and defense.These questions are political in the sense that the debate over them will inevitably be less an exploration of abstract matters in a spiri
41、t of disinterested inquiry than an academic power struggle, in which the careers and professional fortunes of many women scholars only now entering the academic profession in substantial numbers will be at stake, and with them the chances for a distinctive contribution to humanistic understanding, a
42、 contribution that might be an important influence against sexism in our society.As long as the academic establishment continues to regard objective analysis as “masculine“ and an intuitive approach as “feminine,“ the theoretician must steer a delicate philosophical course between the two. If she wi
43、shes to construct a theory of feminist criticism, she would be well advised to place it within the framework of a general theory of the critical process that is neither purely objective nor purely intuitive. Her theory is then more likely to be compared and contrasted with other theories of criticis
44、m with some degree of dispassionate distance.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following titles best summarizes the content of the text? A. How Theories of Literary Criticism Can Best Be Used B. Problems Confronting Women Who Are Feminist Literary Critics C. A Historical Overview of Feminist Literary Criti
45、cism D. Literary Criticism: Art or Science?（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the author, the debate has special significance for the woman who is a theoretician of feminist literary criticism because A. women who are literary critics face professional risks different from those faced by men who are
46、literary critics. B. there are large numbers of capable women working within the academic establishment. C. there are a few powerful feminist critics who have been recognized by the academic establishment. D. like other critics, most women who are literary critics define criticism as either scientif
47、ic or artistic.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The author specifically mentions all of the following as difficulties that particularly affect women who are theoreticians of feminist literary criticism EXCEPT the A. tendency of a predominantly male academic establishment to form preconceptions about women. B. limitations that are imposed when criticism is defined as objective and scientific. C. likelihood that the work of a woman theoretician who claims the privilege of art will be viewed with prejudice by some academics. D. tendency of members of the a
