1、考研英语(一)-56 及答案解析(总分：70.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In October 2002, Goldman Sachs and Deutsche Bank 1 a new electronic market ( for economic indices that 2 substantial economic risks, such as nonfarm payroll ( a measure of job availability) and retail sales. This new market was
2、 made possible by a 3 rating technology, developed by Longitude, a New York company providing software for financial markets, 4 the Parimutuel Digital Call Auction. This is “digital“ 5 of a digital option : ie, it pays out only if an underlying index lies in a narrow, discrete range. In effect, Long
3、itude has created a horse race, where each “horse“ wins if and 6 the specified index falls in a specified range. By creating horses for every possible 7 of the index, and allowing people to bet 8 any number of runners, the company has produced a liquid integrated electronic market for a wide array o
4、f options on economic indices. Ten years ago it was 9 impossible to make use of electronic information about home values. Now, mortgage lenders have online automated valuation models that allow them to estimate values and to 10 the risk in their portfolios. This has led to a proliferation of types o
5、f home loan, some of 11 have improved risk-management characteristics. We are also beginning to see new kinds of 12 for homes, which will make it possible to protect the value of 13 ,for most people, is the single most important 14 of their wealth. The Yale University-Neighbourhood Reinvestment Corp
6、oration programme, 15 last year in the city of Syracuse, in New York state, may be a model for home-equity insurance policies that 16 sophisticated economic indices of house prices to define the 17 of the policy. Electronic futures markets that are based on econometric indices of house prices by cit
7、y, already begun by City Index and IG Index in Britain and now 18 developed in the United States, will enable home-equity insurers to hedge the risks that they acquire by writing these policies. These examples are not impressive successes yet. But they 19 as early precursors of a technology that sho
8、uld one day help us to deal with the massive risks of inequality that 20 will beset us in coming years.（分数：10.00）A.createdB.generatedC.initiatedD.originatedA.reproduceB.restoreC.representD.resumeA.sophisticatedB.expensiveC.availableD.establishedA.madeB.calledC.askedD.readA.in the courseB.in the even
9、tC.in the lightD.in the senseA.whenB.untilC.now thatD.only ifA.extentB.rangeC.lineD.areaA.forB.inC.onD.upA.virtuallyB.admittedlyC.absolutelyD.originallyA.assumeB.assessC.dismissD.eraseA.themB.whichC.thatD.whomA.managementB.insuranceC.securityD.technologyA.whatB.thoseC.whereD.itA.guaranteeB.protectio
10、nC.componentD.sourceA.securedB.sponsoredC.releasedD.launchedA.look toB.set upC.lay downD.rely onA.termsB.specificationsC.conceptsD.consequencesA.isB.beingC.beenD.areA.emergeB.appearC.standD.ariseA.somehowB.anywayC.otherwiseD.thereby二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总
11、题数：1，分数：10.00)Many video games feature an invincibility power-up that makes the players impervious to damage, at least for a while. As the economic crisis hit in late 2008, some said the same about the industry itself. The theory went that sales of video games, which had been strong in 2008, would a
12、lso be strong in 2009, because games are a relatively cheap form of entertainment that let people escape from gloomy economic reality. At first glance the sales figures seem to debunk the idea that video games are recession-proof. In June 2009, for example, sales of games in America were 31% lower t
13、han in June 2008, according to NPD, a market-research firm. In July sales were down 26% , the fifth successive monthly decline. But the year ended with a record-breaking December, as people bought consoles and games for Christmas. Globally, says Piers Harding-Rolls of Screen Digest, a consuhancy, sa
14、les of games were down by 6.3% in 2009. The number of Nintendo Win and Microsoft Xbox 360 consoles sold was flat in 2009 ; sales of Sow“s PlayStation 3 were up by 22% after a price cut. In some respects, this stumble reflects gaming“s new popularity. When it was less of a mainstream activity it was
15、not so connected to the wider economic cycle. The success of the family-friendly Wii has broadened gaming“s appeal, but the new players it has attracted are less fanatical garners who are more likely to cut back in hard times. During 2009 more people turned to mobile, web-based or second-hand games,
16、 says Mr Harding-Rofls. Another way of looking at things, however, is to say that spending on gaming is driven by big hits, and that the slight decline in 2009 reflects creative rather than economic weakness. Entertainment industries always have their ups and downs, says Shigeru Miyamoto, the creati
17、ve force behind many of Nintendo“s biggest games. There was an unusually large number of hits in 2008, which boosted sales, and fewer big releases in 2009 until late in the year, which may explain the weak mid-year sales. The biggest hit was “Modern Warfare 2“, released in November, which became the
18、 fastest-selling game in history, selling 7 million copies worldwide on its first day. The top 20 games took a larger share of sales in 2009 than in 2008, which shows that the games industry is becoming increasingly polarised between hits and misses. Hence the hit-and-miss results of the big publish
19、ers of video games. Overall, says Mr Miyamoto, 2009“s crop of games may just have been less compelling. “We were not able to produce fun-enough products,“ he says. That highlights the importance of continued innovation, he saysbut it leaves unanswered the question of whether gaming is indeed recessi
20、on-proof.（分数：10.00）(1).In America, which month is the most highest sales of video games?（分数：2.00）A.June in 2008B.March In 2009C.November in 2009D.December in 2009(2).What does the third paragraph that gives the examples of Wii infer?（分数：2.00）A.Wider economic cycle has been a little related to video
21、games industryB.Nintendo made the video games more attractiveC.Wii lost attractions to fanatical gamersD.Recession had no influence in investing the video games(3).From the fourth paragraph, we can know that_.（分数：2.00）A.entertainment have been in the slight decline recentlyB.creative games will brin
22、g good salesC.sale increasing by the end of 2009 is due to big hits of gamesD.“Modern Warfare 2“ benefits from the Shigeru Miyamoto“s innovations(4).Which of the opinion that the sales figures of the video game industry reduced in 2009 not because of economy crisis is not supportive?（分数：2.00）A.Other
23、 games are distributedB.The video game is on the declineC.The video game doesn“t have enough creationD.Fanatical garners don“t reduce expense(5).In the light of what Shigeru Miyamoto said, we can infer_.（分数：2.00）A.games innovations may lead to the sale decline of 2009B.he has no idea about whether i
24、t is influenced by the economic crisisC.the gap of hits and misses in games industries is innovativeD.games industries will soon recover from the level of 2008五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)One of the enduring myths of American folklore is that Jesse James was a home-grown Robin Hood who “stole from the ri
25、ch and gave to the poor“ That legend enjoyed a revived popularity in the 1960s. Supported by movies, pulp fiction, and even serious scholarship, this image has dominated our understanding of the post-Civil War James gang and other western outlaws. Historians have described James as a “primitive rebe
26、l“ who championed “a special type of peasant protest and rebellion“ against modernizing forces by robbing banks and railroads. But James himself would have considered this notion a great joke. In fact, James“s robbers went after the express company safes just because that“s where the money was. As f
27、or the Robin Hood theme, there is no evidence the James gang did anything with the cash they stole except to spend it on fine horseflesh and gambling. The key to understanding the motives of the James gangbesides greedis the Civil War, especially the vicious guerrilla combat within the larger war th
28、at plagued Missouri. Support for the Confederacy was strong in the Little Dixie counties that flanked the Missouri River just east of the Kansas border. In these counties lived most of the men and boys who went into the bush as Confederate guerrillas, including Frank and Jesse James. They learned th
29、eir trade under the tutelage of such psychopathic killers as “ Bloody Bill“ Anderson and William Clarke Quantrill, who murdered scores of Missouri Unionists and fought it out with Union soldiers during four years of internecine warfare. These guerrillas were anything but the poor farmers of folklore
30、. Many of them (like James) came from families that were three times more likely to own slaves and possessed twice as much wealth as the average Missouri family. James fought during the war against emancipation and after the war against the Republican Party that freed and enfranchised the slaves. Ma
31、ny of the banks and express companies struck by the James gang were owned by individuals or groups associated with the Republican Party. Like the Ku Klux Klan in former Confederate states, the James gang did its best to undermine the new order ushered in by Northern victory in the Civil War. When De
32、mocrats regained control of Missouri in the 1870s, the James gang looked for greener pastures outside the state. In August 1876, they rode all the way to Northfield, Minn. , with the aim of robbing a bank there in which a Union general was reported to have deposited large funds. When the bank cashie
33、ralso a Union veteranrefused to open the vault, James shot him in cold blood. The citizens of Northfield fought back, killing two of the bandits before they could flee the town. Jesse and Frank James got away, but this affair was the beginning of the end for Jesse“s career as the self-described “Nap
34、oleon of crime. “（分数：10.00）(1).From the first paragraph, we can know that_.（分数：2.00）A.people all like the heroes who “stole from the rich and gave to the poor“B.before 1960 people hardly know the legend about JamesC.many peasant rebelled against modernizationD.some literary and artistic works mislea
35、d to us about James(2).James robbed express companies because_.（分数：2.00）A.there were many cash in the express companiesB.he liked horseflesh and gamblingC.he was greedy by natureD.he was hostile to the Republican Party(3).As for the guerrilla, which is the right?（分数：2.00）A.The civil war occurred in
36、the large-scale guerrillaB.the guerrilla were against the unification of the North and the SouthC.The guerrillas were made up of by the poor farmersD.The guerrillas were always robbing(4).From the passage we can infer that James_?（分数：2.00）A.was a slave ownerB.only robbed the money of the Republican
37、PartyC.destroy the stability of the postwarD.no longer robbed in the Missouri after being controlled in the Democrats(5).Which is the best title of this passage?（分数：2.00）A.Recognize real JamesB.Crime with both fame and wealthC.From combat to crimeD.The tragedy of the Civil War六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00
38、)The use of chemicals in almost all areas of life has become a commonplace phenomenon. There is growing evidence, however, that chemicals in the environment, including pesticides, may contribute to some illnesses. While studies are still being conducted, preliminary conclusions point to the verdict
39、that such chemicals are indeed negatively impacting those humans to whom they are exposed. Children are especially vulnerable to toxic substances. Pound for pound, they eat, drink and breathe more than adults, all of which exposes them more heavily to those chemicals to which most individuals encoun
40、ter on a daily basis. Furthermore, their bodies are still in developing stages, exacerbating the negative effects of those chemicals, which negatively impact them. Of 50 types of pesticides commonly used in American schools, a study conducted by the National Coalition Against the Misuse of Pesticide
41、s found that many caused negative reactions in laboratory animals. Such negative effects included kidney and liver damage, cancer, and neurological and reproductive problems. These implications of these findings are far-reaching. Given the variety of harmful effects attributed to those pesticides te
42、sted, one must pause and consider whether it is wise to continue their use in the nation“s schools, where children will be constantly exposed to them. Activists have lobbied for the elimination of such use with a degree of success, and recent findings, if supported by further analysis and confirmati
43、on, may help further the cause. A long term solution or alternative, however, remains elusive. In the short run, however, there may be some measures that can be taken to mitigate the harmful effects of dangerous pesticides. The American Medical Association“s Council on Scientific Affairs concluded i
44、n a 1997 report that given the “particular uncertainty, regarding the long-term health effects of low-dose pesticide exposures,“ it is “prudent“ for adults and children to limit their exposure and to “consider the use of the least toxic chemical pesticides or non-chemical alternatives. “（分数：10.00）(1
45、).The citing of dangerous effects of pesticides on laboratory animals in paragraph 3 is used to suggest that_.（分数：2.00）A.scientists are also concerned with the effects of pesticides on animalsB.cancer is the worst effect of the pesticidesC.most or all of the dangerous effects of pesticides are now k
46、nownD.the chemicals may also cause these effects in humans(2).Children are more likely than adults to suffer the negative effects of pesticides because_.（分数：2.00）A.children absorb more pesticides than adults, proportionallyB.pesticides are used more in areas with childrenC.the pesticides used in sch
47、ools are more dangerous than other pesticidesD.adults know more about pesticides than children(3).The main point of this text is that_.（分数：2.00）A.pesticides are dangerous and their uses need to be reevaluatedB.children suffer most from the effects of pesticidesC.schools are most responsible for pest
48、icide-related illnessesD.pesticides should be eliminated everywhere(4).The author mentions the exaggerated effects of chemicals on children in paragraph 2 to_.（分数：2.00）A.prove that pesticides are dangerous to all humansB.show that children are more susceptible to many kinds of dangersC.suggest a sol
49、ution to the problem of pesticidesD.identify one group that pesticides hurt in particular(5).The author cites the American Medical Association“s advice in paragraph 5 in order to_.（分数：2.00）A.present more factual details to clarify the issueB.present an alternative theory for considerationC.present a recommendation from a reputable sourceD.present a solution drawn from all the evidence considered七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Although it is the elderly and the young infants who get the siekest from the flu, it is young c
