1、考研英语-122 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Karl Von Linne (or Linnaeus, as he is widely known) was a Swedish biologist who devised the system of Latinised scientific names for living things that biologists use to this day. When he came toU (1) /Upeople into his system, he pu
2、t them into a group called Homo- and Linne s hairless fellow humans are still known biologically as Homo sapiens.U (2) /Uthe group originally had a second member, Homo troglodytes. It lived in Africa, and the pictures show it to be coveredU (3) /Uhair.ModernU (4) /Uare not as generous as Linne in we
3、lcoming other species into Mans loftyU (5) /U,and the chimpanzee is now referred to U(6) /UPan troglodytes. But Pan or Homo, there is noU (7) /Uthat chimps are humans nearest living relatives, and that if the secrets of what makes humanity special are ever to beU (8) /U, understanding why chimps are
4、 not people, nor people chimps, is a crucial part of the process. That, in turn, means looking at the DNA of the two species,U (9) /Uit is here that theU (10) /Umust originate.One half of the puzzle has beenU (11) /Ufor several years: the human genome was published in 2001. The second has now been a
5、dded, with the announcement in this weeks NatureU (12) /Uthe chimpanzee genome has been sequenced as well. For those expectingU (13) /Uanswers to age-old questionsU (14) /U, the publication of the chimp genome may be something of anU (15) /U. There are no immediately obvious genes-present in one, bu
6、t not the other-that account for such characteristic humanU (16) /Uas intelligence or even hairlessness. AndU (17) /Uthere is a gene connected with language, known as FOXP2, it had already been discovered. But although the preliminary comparison of the two genomesU (18) /Uby the members of the Chimp
7、anzee Sequencing and Analyssis Consortium, the multinational team that generated the sequence, did notU (19) /Uany obvious nuggets of genetic gold, it does at least show where to look forU (20) /U.（分数：10.00）A.slotB.pledgeC.plotD.scrutinizeA.AndB.OrC.TherebyD.ButA.byB.throughoutC.withD.beyondA.demogr
8、aphersB.taxonomistsC.chronologistsD.psychologistsA.subjectB.dominionC.idealD.speciesA.asB.inC.amongD.withoutA.suspensionB.suspicionC.rotationD.doubtA.disintegratedB.distractedC.deletedD.disentangledA.because ofB.thoughC.forD.whereasA.disputesB.differencesC.hunchesD.humanitiesA.ruthlessB.mediocreC.op
9、aqueD.availableA.thatB.whereC.whichD.in thatA.instantB.instinctiveC.constantD.intuitiveA.tooB.eitherC.thoughD.alsoA.panaceaB.anticlimaxC.zenithD.momentumA.defectsB.meritsC.flawsD.attributesA.whileB.onceC.whenD.as ifA.duplicatedB.dwarfedC.madeD.overlappedA.show upB.turn upC.resort toD.turn toA.himB.i
10、tC.themD.her二、BSection Readi(总题数：4，分数：40.00)BText 1/BJohn Battelle is Silicon Valleys Bob Woodward. One of the founders of Wired magazine, he has hung around Google for so long that he has come to be as close as any outsider can to actually being an insider. Certainly, Google s founders, Sergey Brin
11、 and Larry Page, and its chief executive, Eric Schmidt, believe that it is safer to talk to Mr. Battelle than not to do so.The result is a highly readable account of Googles astonishing rise-the steepest in corporate history-from its origins in Stanford University to its controversial stockmarket de
12、but and its current struggle to become a grown-up company while staying true to its youthfully brash motto, “Dont be evil.“ Mr. Battelle makes the reader warm to Googles ruling triumvirate-their cleverness and their good intentions-and fear for their future as they take on the world.Google is one of
13、 the most interesting companies around at the moment. It has a decent shot at displacing Microsoft as the next great near-monopoly of the information age. Its ambition-to organise all the worlds information, not just the information on the world wide web-is epic, and its commercial power is frighten
14、ing, Beyond this, Google is interesting for the same reason that secretive dictatorships and Hollywood celebrities are interesting-for being opaque, colourful and, simply, itself.The book disappoints only when Mr. Battelle begins trying to explain the wider relevance of internet search and its possi
15、ble future development. There is a lot to say on this subject, but Mr. Battelle is hurried and overly chatty, producing laundry lists of geeky concepts without really having thought any of them through properly. This is not a fatal flaw. Read only the middle chapters, and you have a great book.（分数：1
16、0.00）(1).The phrase “warm to“ in the last sentence of the second paragraph most probably means _.（分数：2.00）A.become evaporated throughB.be fed up withC.be heated toD.become more interested in(2).Google is eye-catching due to its _.（分数：2.00）A.distinctivenessB.infinitenessC.selfishnessD.aggressiveness(
17、3).The work by John Battelle would be perfected if appropriate consideration is given to _.（分数：2.00）A.the relationship between internet research and its potential future developmentB.secretive dictatorships and Hollywood celebrities under controlC.the disappointments in Google and its rivals in resp
18、ects to geeky conceptsD.companies interests in Google at the moment when the worlds economy is booming(4).According to the text, the authors attitude toward Mr. Battelle s work is _.（分数：2.00）A.strong disapprovalB.total denialC.qualified consentD.enthusiastic support(5).The text seems to be _.（分数：2.0
19、0）A.a scientific paperB.a book reviewC.a graduation dissertationD.an academic criticismBText 2/B“Im a total geek all around,“ says Angela Byron, a 27-year-old computer programmer who has just graduated from Nova Scotia Community College. And yet, like many other students, she “never had the confiden
20、ce“ to approach any of the various open-source software communities on the internet-distributed teams of volunteers who collaborate to build software that is then made freely available. But thanks to Google, the worlds most popular search engine and one of the biggest proponents of open-source softw
21、are, Ms Byron spent the summer contributing code to Drupal, an open-source project that automates the management of websites. “Its awesome,“ she says.Ms Byron is one of 419 students (out of 8,744 who applied) who were accepted for Googles “summer of code“. While it sounds like a hyper-nerdy summer c
22、amp, the students neither went to Googles campus in Mountain View, California, nor to wherever their mentors at the 41 participating open-source projects happened to be located. Instead, Google acted as a matchmaker and sponsor. Each of the participating open-source projects received $500 for every
23、student it took on; and each student received $4,500 ($500 right away, and $4,000 on completion of their work). Oh, and a T-shirt.All of this is the idea of Chris DiBona, Googles open-source boss, who was brainstorming with Larry Page and Sergey Brin, Googles founders, last year. They realised that
24、a lot of programming talent goes to waste every summer because students take summer jobs flipping burgers to make money, and let their coding skills degrade. “We want to make it better for students in the summer,“ says Mr. DiBona, adding that it also helps the open- source community and thus, indire
25、ctly, Google, which uses lots of open-source software behind the scenes. Plus, says Mr. DiBona, “it does become an opportunity for recruiting.“Elliot Cohen, a student at Berkeley, spent his summer writing a “Bayesian network toolbox“ for Python, an open-source programming language. “Im a pretty big
26、fan of Google,“ he says. He has an interview scheduled with Microsoft, but “Google is the only big company that I would work at,“ he says. And if that doesnt work out, he now knows people in the open-source community, “and its a lot less intimidating.“（分数：10.00）(1).Ms Byrons comment on her own summe
27、r experiment is _.（分数：2.00）A.negativeB.biasedC.puzzlingD.enthusiastic(2).It can be inferred from the second paragraph that the participants of Googles “summer of code“ have _.（分数：2.00）A.been selectedB.been educatedC.been blamedD.been enlightened(3).The work of the participating open-source projects
28、conducted by students, according to the text, is _.（分数：2.00）A.incoherentB.rewardedC.incessantD.gratuitous(4).The idea of Chris DiBona, according to the text, is enriched by _.（分数：2.00）A.T-shirt salesB.open-sourceC.programmers talentD.others wisdom(5).Elliot Cohen is mentioned in the text so as to _.
29、（分数：2.00）A.illustrate the indirect effect of “summer of code“ on Googles recruitmentB.indicate the academic level of Berkeley, USAC.clarify Elliot Cohens summer experience in writing network toolboxD.lay emphasis on the fact that university students are big fans of GoogleBText 3/BSoon after his appo
30、intment as secretary-general of the United Nations in 1997, Kofi Annan lamented that he was being accused of failing to reform the world body in six weeks. “But what are you complaining about?“ asked the Russian ambassador. “Youve had more time than God.“ Ah, Mr. Annan quipped back, “but God had one
31、 big advantage. He worked alone without a General Assembly, a Security Council and all the committees.“Recounting that anecdote to journalists in New York this week, Mr. Annan sought to explain why a draft declaration on UN reform and tackling world poverty, due to be endorsed by some 150 heads of s
32、tate and government at a world summit in the city on September 14th-16th, had turned into such a pale shadow of the proposals that he himself had put forward in March. “With 191 member states“, he sighed, “its not easy to get an agreement.“Most countries put the blame on the United States, in the fo
33、rm of its abrasive new ambassador, John Bolton, for insisting at the end of August on hundreds of last-minute amendments and a line-by-line renegotiation of a text most others had thought was almost settled. But a group of middle-income developing nations, including Pakistan, Cuba, Iran, Egypt, Syri
34、a and Venezuela, also came up with plenty of last-minute changes of their own. The risk of having no document at all, and thus nothing for the worlds leaders to come to New York for, was averted only by marathon all-night and all-weekend talks.The 35-page final document is not wholly devoid of subst
35、ance. It calls for the creation of a Peacebuilding Commission to supervise the reconstruction of countries after wars; the replacement of the discredited UN Commission on Human Rights by a supposedly tougher Human Rights Council; the recognition of a new “responsibility to protect“ peoples from geno
36、cide and other atrocities when national authorities fail to take action, including, if necessary, by force; and an “early“ reform of the Security Council. Although much pared down, all these proposals have at least survived.Others have not. Either they proved so contentious that they were omitted al
37、together, such as the sections on disarmament and non-proliferation and the International Criminal Court, or they were watered down to little more than empty platitudes. The important section on collective security and the use of force no longer even mentions the vexed issue of pre-emptive strikes;
38、meanwhile the section on terrorism condemns it “in all its forms and manifestations, committed by whomever, wherever and for whatever purposes“, but fails to provide the clear definition the Americans wanted.Both Mr. Annan and, more surprisingly, George Bush have nevertheless sought to put a good fa
39、ce on things, with Mr. Annan describing the summit document as “an important step forward“ and Mr. Bush saying the UN had taken “the first steps“ towards reform. Mr. Annan and Mr. Bolton are determined to go a lot further. It is now up to the General Assembly to flesh out the documents skeleton prop
40、osals and propose new ones. But its chances of success appear slim.（分数：10.00）(1).Who have recently listened to the story in the first paragraph of the text?（分数：2.00）A.Ambassadors.B.UN officials.C.The worlds leaders.D.Reporters.(2).It can be inferred from the third paragraph that _.（分数：2.00）A.it took
41、 much time to have a UN documentB.it was a piece of cake to reach an agreement with approximately 200 member statesC.few nations were resented at American diplomatic activitiesD.only developing countries came up with last-minute changes(3).The authors attitude toward the UN final document is _.（分数：2
42、.00）A.biasedB.indifferentC.skepticalD.impartial(4).According to the text, empty platitudes might be found in the section on _.（分数：2.00）A.Peacebuilding CommissionB.UN Commission on Human RightsC.terrorismD.the Security Council(5).According to the last paragraph, the General Assembly _.（分数：2.00）A.is d
43、eleting the documents skeleton proposalsB.is determined to go further toward disarmamentC.is attempting to put forward new proposalsD.is unlikely to work out relevant details and advance novel proposalsBText 4/BThe term “disruptive technology“ is popular, but is widely misused. It refers not simply
44、to a clever new technology, but to one that undermines an existing technology-and which therefore makes life very difficult for the many businesses which depend on the existing way of doing things. Twenty years ago, the personal computer was a classic example. It swept aside an older mainframe-based
45、 style of computing, and eventually brought IBM, one of the worlds mightiest firms at the time, to its knees. This week has been a coming-out party of sorts for another disruptive technology, “voice over internet protocol“ (VOIP), which promises to be even more disruptive, and of even greater benefi
46、t to consumers, than personal computers.VOIPs leading proponent is Skype, a small firm whose software allows people to make free calls to other Skype users over the internet, and very cheap calls to traditional telephones-all of which spells trouble for incumbent telecoms operators. On September 12t
47、h, eBay, the leading online auction-house, announced that it was buying Skype for $2.6 billion, plus an additional $1.5 billion if Skype hits certain performance targets in coming years.This seems a vast sum to pay for a company that has only $60m in revenues and has yet to turn a profit. Yet eBay w
48、as not the only company interested in buying Skype. Microsoft, Yahoo!, News Corporation and Google were all said to have also considered the idea. Perhaps eBay, rather like some over-excited bidder in one of its own auctions, has paid too much. The company says it plans to use Skypes technology to make it easier for buyers and sellers to communicate, and to offer new “click to call“ advertisements, but many analysts are sceptical that eBay is the best owner of Skype. Whatever the merits of the deal, however, the fuss over Skype in recent weeks has highlighted the significance
