1、考研英语-13 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BDirections:/BRead the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C, and D on ANSWER SHEET 1.Political controversy about the public-land policy of the United States began with the America Revolutio
2、n.U (1) /U, even before independence from Britain wasU (2) /U, it became clear thatU (3) /Uthe dilemmas surrounding the public domain might prove necessary toU (4) /Uthe Union itself.At the peace negotiation with Britain, Americans obtained a westernU (5) /Uat the Mississippi River. Thus the new nat
3、ion secured for its birthright a vast internal empire rich in agricultural and mineral resources. ButU (6) /Utheir colonial charters, seven states claimedU (7) /Uof the western wilderness. Virginias claim was the largest,U (8) /Unorth and west to encompass the later states. The language of the chart
4、ers wasU (9) /Uand their validity questionable, but during the war Virginia reinforced its title by sponsoring Colonel Georgia Rogers Clarks 1778U (10) /Uto Vicennes and Kaskaskia, whichU (11) /UAmericas trans Appalachian pretensions at the peace table.The six states holding no claim to the transmon
5、tane regionU (12) /Uwhether a confederacy in which territory was so unevenly apportioned would truly prove what it claimed to be, a union of equals. Already New Jersey, Delaware, Rhode Isaland, and Maryland wereU (13) /Uthe smallest and least populous of the states.U (14) /Uthey levied heavy taxes t
6、o repay state war debts, their larger neighbors might retire debts out of land-sale proceeds.U (15) /Uby fresh lands and low taxes, people would desert the small statesU (16) /Uthe large, leaving the former to fallU (17) /Ubankruptcy and eventually into political subjugation. All the states shared i
7、n the war effort, how then could half of them “be left no sink under anU (18) /Udebt, whilst others are enabled, in a short period, toU (19) /Uall their expenditures from the hard earnings of the whole confederacy?“ As the Revolution was a common endeavor,U (20) /Uought its fruits, including the wes
8、tern lands be a common property.（分数：10.00）A.FurthermoreB.LikewiseC.IndeedD.ThereforeA.gainedB.reapedC.earnedD.wonA.resolvingB.disposingC.approvingD.retainingA.ensureB.maintainC.preserveD.remainA.frontierB.boundaryC.borderD.outlineA.byB.aboveC.underD.againstA.portionsB.patchesC.fragmentsD.sharesA.shi
9、ftingB.rangingC.stretchingD.coveringA.obviousB.dismalC.gloomyD.vagueA.openingB.expeditionC.routeD.endeavorA.protectedB.strengthenedC.lessenedD.encircledA.imaginedB.assertedC.admittedD.doubtedA.aboutB.outsideC.amongD.withA.WhileB.BecauseC.UnlessD.WhenA.DrawnB.PushedC.PulledD.LuredA.towardB.offC.fromD
10、.forA.beyondB.intoC.overD.uponA.sufficientB.enormousC.indefiniteD.excessiveA.purchaseB.supplementC.replaceD.exchangeA.soB.evenC.yetD.still二、BSection Readi(总题数：4，分数：40.00)BPart A/BBDirections:/BReading the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your
11、answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.BText 1/BIt was inevitable that any of President George W. Bushs fans had to be very disappointed by his decision to implement high tariffs on steel imported to the U. S. The presidents defense was pathetic. He argued that the steel tariffs were somehow consistent with free
12、 trade, that the domestic industry was important and struggling t and that the relief was a temporary measure to allow time for restructuring. One reason that this argument is absurd is that U. S. integrated steel companies (U“Big Steel“/U) have received various forms of government protection and su
13、bsidy for more than 30 years.Instead of encouraging the industry to restructure, the long-term protection has sustained inefficient companies and cost U. S. consumers dearly. As Anne O. Krueger, now deputy managing director of the International Monetary Fund, said in a report on Big Steel: “The Amer
14、ican Big Steel industry has been the champion lobbyist and seeker of protection. It provides a key and disillusioning example of the ability to lobby in Washington for measures which hurt the general public and help a very small group.Since 1950s, Big Steel has been reluctant to make the investments
15、 needed to match the new technologies introduced elsewhere. It agreed to high wages for its unionized labor force. Hence, the companies have difficulty in competing not only with more efficient producers in Asia and Europe but also with technologically advanced U.S. mini-mills, which rely on scrap m
16、etal as an input. Led by Nucor Cor. , these mills now capture about half of overall U. S. sales.The profitability of U. S. steel companies depends also on steel prices, which, despite attempts at protection by the U. S. and other governments, are determined primarily in world markets. These prices a
17、re relatively high as recently as early 2000 but have since declined with the world recession to reach the lowest dollar values of the last 20 years. Although these low prices are unfortunate for U.S. producers, they are beneficial for the overall U.S. economy. The low prices are also signal that th
18、e inefficient Big Steel companies should go out of business even faster than they have been.Instead of leaving or modernizing, the dying Big Steel industry complains that foreigners dump steels by selling at low prices. However, it is hard to see why it is bad for the overall U.S. economy if foreign
19、 producers wish to sell us their goods at low prices. After all, the extreme case of dumping is one where foreigners give us their steel for free and why would that be a bad thing?（分数：10.00）(1).According to Anne Krueger, long-term government protection given to steel companies（分数：2.00）A.will increas
20、e the state wealth.B.will threaten trade monopoly.C.will raise their competitiveness.D.will ultimately hurt consumers.(2).The U.S. integrated steel companies believe that, to modernize their technologies, they are in need of（分数：2.00）A.the sacrifice from U.S. consumers.B.the governments financial sup
21、port.C.the reduction of steel product prices.D.the compromise from the labor force.(3).Which of the following can be a disadvantage of U. S. “Big Steel“ as pointed out in the text?（分数：2.00）A.Lower efficiency.B.Lack of protection.C.Corporate structures.D.Lobbyist addiction.(4).We can draw a conclusio
22、n from the text that the overall U.S. economy（分数：2.00）A.must guard against foreigners selling their steel at shocking prices.B.had difficulty in sustaining development in face of foreign competitors.C.can benefit enormously from the lower prices of steel in world markets.D.took advantage of the gove
23、rnments protection to enhance efficiency.(5).The authors attitude towards the measure adopted by the President seems to be that of（分数：2.00）A.approval.B.optimism.C.opposition.D.indifference.BText 2/BOn Mar. 14, when Wal-Mart Stores Inc. announced its first foray into Japan, the Bentonville (Ark.) ret
24、ailing giant placed a big bet that it could succeed where countless other foreign companies have failed. In the past five years, a number of famous Western brands have been forced to close up shop after failing to catch on in Japan, one of the worlds largest-but most variable-consumer markets.May Wa
25、l-Mart Umake a go of/U it where others have stumbled? One good sign is that the mass marketer is not rushing in blindly. It has taken an initial 6.1% stake in ailing food-and-clothing chain Seiyu Ltd. , which it can raise to a controlling 33.4% by yearend and to 66.7% by 2007. That gives Wal-Mart ti
26、me to revise its strategy-or run for the exits.The question is whether Wal-Mart can apply the lessons it has learned in other parts of Asia to Japan. This, after all, is a nation of notoriously finicky consumers-who have become even more so since Japan slipped into a decade-long slump. How will Wal-
27、Mart bring to bear its legendary cost-cutting savvy in a market already affected by falling prices? Analysts are understandably skeptical. “It is uncertain whether Wal-Marts business models will be effective in Japan,“ Standard the therapist recommended hospitalization. Shin told a dean that she was
28、 cutting herself and let a professor know that she wanted to commit suicide. The housemaster of her dorm and two of her friends stayed up nights to watch her. But it wasnt enough. On April 10, 2000, Elizabeth Shin locked her dorm room door and set her clothes on fire. Four days later, she was dead.B
29、41. Many colleges are running into thorny situation./BHer parents, Kisuk and Cho Hyun Shin, filed suit against MIT, charging its employees with gross negligence and wrongful death. Its an extreme case, but it illustrates a problem facing many other schools, as more and more students line up at couns
30、eling centers requiring increasingly intensive therapy or medication or both.B42. Students with substantial personality problems./BThe number of freshmen reporting less than average emotional health has been steadily rising since 1985, according to the newest data from an annual nationwide survey by
31、 the University of California-Los Angeles.Reasons for the decline of college students mental healthCollege therapists cite several reasons for the apparent deterioration in student mental health. Not only has this generation grown up in the much-maligned era of the disintegrating American family, it
32、 is also more used to therapy and so more likely to seek help. As competition to get into college gets tougher, students burn out before they even get there. And kids with severe psychological problems, who in the past wouldnt even have made it. to college, now take psychotropic drugs that help them
33、 succeed.B43. The soaring number of visitors to college psychiatrists./BColleges first created counseling centers for students who needed career and academic advice, says Robert Gallagher, author of the counseling center survey and former director of the University of Pittsburghs services. As psycho
34、logical counseling took over, the centers other advising functions were packed off to other parts of the campus.B44. Inadequacies of college therapy services./BThe ballooning caseloads mean there isnt the time or the staff to offer long-term therapy to any but the most troubled. “You cant just load
35、up with the first 100 students and see them regularly without having openings for new people,“ says Gallagher. Instead, colleges focus on getting students over immediate crises.B45. Whats the solution?/BSome schools have tried filling the gap by getting more involved in students lives. The Universit
36、y of South Carolina, the University of Nevada-Reno, and Texas A 30 percent reported at least one student suicide on their campus last year.C “If a student tells you she took five extra pills over the weekend,“ says Gertrude Carter, director of psychological services at Bennington College in Vermont,
37、 “its hard to tell if thats a grab for attention or an actual threat.“D New statistics show that many freshmen arrive on campus depressed and anxious and feel worse as the year progresses. At the same time, colleges must also negotiate the legal and emotional pitfalls of caring for their charges, no
38、t children but not yet fully adults.E In response to the task force report, MIT is putting together support teams of physicians, other health-care professionals, and experienced counselors to spend time in the dorms; socializing with the students and keeping an eye on them.F One Yale student sufferi
39、ng from anxiety during his sophomore year rarely saw the same counselor twice. “It felt like the person I was talking to wasnt really there,“ he says. After five sessions, he stopped going. “I wouldnt want to go there again,“ he says, “but what else is there?“（分数：10.00）(1).（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项
40、 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_四、BPart C/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BDirections:/BRead the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. When the Vikings invaded Great Britain, they did more than slaughter the population, rans
41、ack the cities and scorch the earth. They also left substantial influence on the English language words like slaughter, ransack and scorch.(46) UNow, a single word in an ancient manuscript has led a U. S. linguist to conclude that the influence of the Norse on the English language may have come as m
42、uch as a century earlier than most scholars had thought./U The find came when English professor Jonathan Evans of the University of Georgia was reading a passage to his Old English class from the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle and a Norse word, theora, jumped out at him.The 1122 text, according to generation
43、s of scholars, was supposed to be too early to contain evidence of Danish influence on Old English. (47) UBut the fact that the text used the Nordic form of “their“ rather than the Old English hiera or heora, suggested that Norsemen and their English hosts were not only living side-by-side in Englan
44、ds East Midlands but also were in “frequent, peaceful communication“, Evans contends./U“I thought I had made a mistake,“ when he first saw the word, he said. “There it was, sitting there in plain sight. Nobody saw this Danish word sitting there. I kept it quiet because I thought I made a mistake. Bu
45、t he was urged to investigate by a visiting Danish scholar, Hans Nielsen. (48) USo Evans spent several years pursuing a hunch that a Roman Catholic monk slipped into the local dialect while copying out the ancient historical work for his monastery./U If so, that suggests to Evans that Norse and West
46、-Saxon dialects of Old English had mingled significantly by the 12th century if not earlier.The result of Evans research is a paper, recently published in the journal North-Western European Language Evolution. (49) UHis parer puts forth the theory that the monks use of the Norse word is the first da
47、table example in English of Scandinavian-derived plural pronouns, antecedents of the modern English words “they, them“, and “their“./U(50) U“This is a footnote in a much more well-known story-the story of Scandinavian borrowings in the English language. said Evans, who can read texts in Danish, French, Old English and Old Icelandic./U “Its going to be interesting to see how other scholars view this discovery but I think Ive made my case for it.“（分数：10.00）(1).（分数：2.00）_(2).（分数：2.00）_(3).（分数：2.00）_
