1、考研英语-试卷 13及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Capital City and Smithsville are two fairly large towns in the Midwest near Chicago. Ne
2、ither is as well known as Chicago. (1)_ the inhabitants of both are equally proud of their (2)_ hometown. People in Capital City love its quiet narrow (3)_ streets and its many small neighborhood parks, the boast (4)_ their hometown has no ugly slums, a low rate (5)_ crime, and very little heavy tra
3、ffic. Because it is the seat of the state legislature, Capital City has many stately old buildings(6)_ the lawyer“s club in the park by the lake, and the country museum (7)_ its pioneer farm exhibits. Smithsville, (8)_,is a bustling, thriving, industrial center. It too has a lake, but (9)_ that of C
4、apital City, its lake is the center of the city“s industrial development. (10)_ trees and park benches, Smithsville“s lake is surrounded by factories and smoking chimneys. Smithsville is also (11)_ its quieter neighbour in its style of (12)_. The tall modern office buildings downtown, the new shoppi
5、ng center in the suburbs, and the wide crowded streets seem (13)_ to Smithsville“s residents than the old-fashioned neighbourhoods (14)_. When people from the more rural city (15)_ from a visit to Smithsville, they always say, “I“m glad to be home again. That lake makes me (16)_. It“s a fine place t
6、o visit, (17)_ I wouldn“t want to live (18)_“. (19)_ a visit to Capital City, citizens of Smithsville say (20)_ the same.（分数：40.00）A.ButB.AndC.ThusD.ThereforeA.relativeB.respectableC.reliableD.respectiveA.tree-linedB.trees-liningC.trees-linesD.tree-liningA.aboutB.howC.thatD.ofA.inB.asC.atD.ofA.so th
7、atB.so asC.such asD.such thatA.withB.inC.byD.besideA.on the other handB.as usualC.for exampleD.in the caseA.alikeB.unlikeC.likeD.asA.BesidesB.Taken into accountC.Instead ofD.As forA.the same asB.different fromC.the same toD.different aboutA.architectureB.lifeC.pleasureD.peopleA.less attractiveB.much
8、 attractiveC.as attractiveD.more attractiveA.they live inB.they took placeC.it took placeD.they replacedA.goB.returnC.turnD.travelA.disappointedB.nervousC.satisfiedD.unpleasantA.soB.as a resultC.butD.in a wordA.itB.thatC.hereD.thereA.WhenB.AfterC.BeforeD.UntilA.exactlyB.hardlyC.properlyD.leisurely二、
9、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._The pollution of Hong Kong“s beaches by oil from a damaged tanker last year recalls a similar incident which took
10、place in Britain in 1967 when the Torrey Canyon, a huge oil tanker, split in two and caused disaster in coastal areas. Shoals of fishes were killed, sea birds hopelessly fouled with oil and coastal holiday resorts put out of business for several weeks. As a result of this particular incident scienti
11、sts are becoming restless at the thought of Britain“s inability to cope with national disasters on a large scale. The reason for their concern is that technology is rapidly outstripping(超越) man“s ability to control it. Oil tankers, for instance, have been allowed to get bigger and bigger without suf
12、ficient thought being given to emergency braking and maneuvering arrangement. Collisions at sea continue, but little effect has been made to develop safety devices as effective as those used for aircraft. Scientists were outspoken in expressing their concern during a recent meeting of the British As
13、sociation. Unanimous approval was voiced when the leading speaker urged that a permanent national rescue services should be established, equipped for any emergency and ready to move off immediately. Of all the possible disasters mentioned, the one promoting most discussion was a major release of rad
14、ioactivity from a nuclear power station. One does not need a particularly vivid imagination to visualize the other possibilities discussed. What would be the effect of a jumbo-jet crashing on a large chemical plant handling destroying liquids? Could the tapping of natural gas lead to any form of col
15、lapse? Suppose a lorry full of a highly poisonous chemical crashed unseen into a large reservoir? Dams can burst, abnormal conditions can lead to massive electrical blackouts. An intensive study of such possibilities could at least reduce the effects of future disasters. For example, it would mean t
16、hat a number of technical alternatives (such as the choice between detergent or chalk for dispersing oil) could be examined and tested in advance so that specially trained expert would know exactly what action was needed in a given emergency.（分数：10.00）(1).The main idea of the second paragraph is tha
17、t _.（分数：2.00）A.safety precautions in aircraft are not as effective as those used on shipsB.modern oil tankers can stop or turn easily in spite of their sizeC.there are now fewer collisions at sea because of modern safety devicesD.oil tankers are so big that special devices are needed(2).In the fourt
18、h paragraph the writer states that _.（分数：2.00）A.on one occasion radioactivity escaped from a nuclear power stationB.an areoplane carrying destroying liquids might crash into chemical plantC.a lorry once crashed into a reservoirD.a terrible accident could happen in a nuclear power station(3).The main
19、 idea of the final paragraph is that _.（分数：2.00）A.in an emergency all the technical alternations should be studiedB.expert should be specially trained to determine the exact difference between detergent and chalkC.we ought to decide what measures to take before a disaster occursD.technical experts s
20、hould be examined and tested to see whether they are capable of selecting the right course of action in a future emergency(4).Of the following suggested titles the one most accurately sums up the passage is _.（分数：2.00）A.The Dangers of Modern TechnologyB.The Problem of Oil PollutionC.Some Interesting
21、 AccidentsD.A Meeting of the British Association(5).What is the author“s attitude toward the rapid development of technology?（分数：2.00）A.Tolerant.B.Enthusiastic.C.Hateful.D.Cautious.The function of the office is to perform administrative work. First, it must provide the necessary communications with
22、customers, banks, government departments, and other outside organizations. Second, it must service the information requirements within the company itself. In order to meet these needs efficiently, the Office Manager must employ the most appropriate business methods, systems and equipment. In an effi
23、cient administrative structure, clerical operations are organized so that they add to the profitability of the business. However, in many countries the number of clerical staff has increased while the total number of workers employed in production has fallen. In Britain, for example, the total workf
24、orce in the years 1919-1976 went up by 25%, while the number of people who were employed in clerical work increased by 150%. For a country such as Britain, which depends on a manufacturing base, that can mean inefficiency. To ensure that office services run smoothly, there must be the means to check
25、, sort, copy and file correspondence and other paperwork. Today there is a growing range of machines that can be used to do such jobs. The size and resources of a company will determine how mechanized or computerized its office systems are. The office must give maximum service at minimum cost. A bal
26、ance must be kept between production, marketing, and administration. As a company develops and grows, the contribution of administration will vary in kind and in value. The most important objective in modern offices is the processing of data in order to provide a means of business control, but in ma
27、ny companies there are weaknesses in the ability to manage communications efficiently. For example, some data are often used only by individual managers, and different departments in the same company may use different data processing systems. In order to contribute to business efficiency, however, d
28、ata processing must be a centralized service, The system which is required is one that looks at the total needs of a business and therefore assists management in making appropriate decisions quickly.（分数：10.00）(1).The office manager has to use the most suitable business system in order to _.（分数：2.00）
29、A.ensure that office services run economicallyB.check and copy business correspondenceC.service the information requirements of the companyD.provide means of business negotiation(2).According to the passage, the function of the office manager is to _.（分数：2.00）A.provide the necessary information for
30、the local authorityB.keep a balance between production, marketing and administrationC.assist management in making appropriate decisions quicklyD.make sure that administrative work is performed efficiently(3).In what way are some companies inefficient in managing communications?（分数：2.00）A.By not maki
31、ng data available to all managers.B.By using the same data processing systems.C.By checking business correspondence.D.By depending on a manufacturing base.(4).The degree of computerization in a company“s office is limited by _.（分数：2.00）A.the business methods and systemsB.the correspondence and other
32、 paperworkC.the data and data processing systemsD.the size and resources of a company(5).Which of the following can contribute to business efficiency?（分数：2.00）A.Data processing must be a centralized service.B.The company develops and grows.C.The managers of different department know each other well.
33、D.More machines should be used.When they advise your kids to “get an education“ if you want to raise your income, they tell you only half the truth. What they really mean is to get just enough education to provide manpower for your society, but not too much that prove an embarrassment to your societ
34、y. Get high school diploma, at least. Without that, you are occupationally dead, unless your name happens to be George Bernard Shaw or Thomas Alva Edison and you can successfully drop out in grade school. Get a college degree, if possible. With a B.A., you are on the launching pad(发射台). But now you
35、have to start to put on the brakes. If you go for a master“s degree, make sure it is a M.B.A., and only from a first-rate university. Beyond this, the famous law of diminishing returns begins to take effect. Do you know, for instance, that long-haul truck drivers earn more a year than full professor
36、s? Yes, the average 1977 salary for those truckers was $24,000, while the full professors managed to average just $23,930. A Ph.D is the highest degree you can get, but except in a few specialized fields such as physics or chemistry, where the degree can quickly be turned to industrial or commercial
37、 purposes, you are facing a dim future. There are more Ph.Ds unemployed or underemployed in this country than in any other part of the world by far. If you become a doctor of philosophy in English or history or anthropology or political science or language orworst of allin philosophy, you run the ri
38、sk of becoming overeducated for our national demands. Not for our needs, mind you, but for our demands. Thousands of Ph.Ds are selling shoes, driving cabs, waiting on tables and filling out fruitless applications month after month. And then maybe taking a job in some high school or backwater college
39、 that pays much less than the janitor(看门人) earns. You can equate the level of income with the level of education only so far. Far enough, that is, to make you useful to the gross national product, but not so far that nobody can turn much of a profit on you.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the writer, what
40、 the society expects of education is to turn out people who _.（分数：2.00）A.will not be a shame to the societyB.will become loyal citizensC.can take care of themselvesD.can meet the demands as a source of manpower(2).If you are as gifted as Bernard Shaw or Edison, _.（分数：2.00）A.you can get a high school
41、 diploma without difficultyB.you will be successful in a grade schoolC.you can be professionally successful without a diplomaD.the least you should do is to get a diploma(3).Ph.Ds are most likely to _.（分数：2.00）A.have difficulty getting properly employedB.be employed in the fields of commerce or indu
42、stryC.have to fill out application forms month after month for othersD.work in schools or colleges with low pay(4).Which of the following is NOT true?（分数：2.00）A.Bernard Shaw didn“t finish high school, nor did Edison.B.One must think carefully before going for a master degree.C.The higher your educat
43、ion level, the more money you“ll earn.D.If you are too well-educated, you“ll make things difficult for the society.(5).The writer is critical of _.（分数：2.00）A.the educational systemB.the Ph.DsC.the societyD.the employersThe U. S. Bureau has estimated that the population of the United States could app
44、roach 300 million in 2000 and will be 400 million in 2020. And the U.S. Department of Commerce estimates that the average U.S. per capita income will increase from $3,400 in 1969 to the equivalent of $8,300 (assuming a 1967 price level) in the year 2000, 2.5 times as much as that of 1969. According
45、to government statistics, in the United States, there are over 110 million cars and “more people“ means “more cars“. By the end of twenties of next century, the population of the United States will have doubled that of today and the number of automobiles will be doubled as well. And in twenty-year“s
46、 time the per capita income will also be 2.5 times higher than it is. If this increase income is spent on more and larger automobiles, larger houses, and increased consumption of other material goods, the results could cause catastrophic resource exhaustion, and pollution. Take the increase of the c
47、onsumption of oil for instance. The consumption is so huge that the reserves might last only a decade or two if not supplemented by imports. Ten years ago it appeared that nuclear power would solve the anticipated energy crisis. Although supplies of uranium fuel were known to be limited and might be
48、come exhausted in half a century, the nuclear power plant has for a long time been a favorite project. But work on it has met with grave problems. The fear of possible atomic explosion and the problem of disposing of polluting by-product waste have slowed down the construction of further nuclear plants. Eventually atomic technology may be able to control these problems, but at present there seems to be little agreement among atomic scientists about when this can be achieved.（分数：10.00）(1).Wh
