1、考研英语（一）-试卷 13及答案解析(总分：144.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Americans suffer from an overdose of work.【C1】_who they are or what they do, they sp
2、end【C2】_time at work than at any time since World War II . In 1950, the US had fewer working hours than any other【C3】_country. Today, it【C4】_every country but Japan, where industrial employees log 2,155 hours a year compared【C5】_1, 951 in the US and 1,603【C6】_West employees. Between 1969 and 1989, e
3、mployed American【C7】_an average of 138 hours to their yearly work schedules. The work-week【C8】_at about 40 hours, but people are working more weeks each year. 【C9】_paid time off holidays, vacations, sick leave 【C10】_15 percent in the 1990s. As corporations have【C11】_stiffer competition and slower gr
4、owth in productivity, they would【C12】_employees to work longer. Cost-cutting layoffs in the 1980s【C13】_the professional and managerial ranks, leaving fewer people to get the job done. In lower-paid occupations【C14】_wages have been reduced, workers have added hours【C15】_overtime or extra jobs to【C16】
5、_their living standard. The government estimates that more than seven million people hold a second job. For the first time, large【C17】_of people say they want to cut【C18】_on working hours, even if it means earning less money. But most employers are【C19】_to let them do so. The government which has st
6、epped back from its traditional【C20】_as a regulator of work time, should take steps to make shorter hours possible.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.As regards toB.Regardless ofC.With regard toD.In regard to(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.much lessB.abundantC.a lot moreD.surplus(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.advancedB.industrial
7、izedC.developedD.mechanized(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.exceedsB.outnumbersC.overtakesD.outstrips(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.withB.atC.inD.on(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.in the formerB.of the pastC.in the earlyD.in the earlier(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.addedB.increasedC.broughtD.totaled(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.arrivedB.stoppedC.setD.remained
8、(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.HoweverB.NeverthelessC.MoreoverD.And(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.lessened toB.shrank byC.deducedD.restrained in(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.sufferedB.experiencedC.undertakenD.endured(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.squashB.squeezeC.urgeD.oblige(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.minimizedB.reducedC.lessenedD.relieved(14).【
9、C14】（分数：2.00）A.becauseB.thoughC.asD.where(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.byB.forC.toD.in(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.preserveB.conserveC.improveD.protect(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.numbersB.amountsC.figuresD.plenty(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.offB.outC.backD.down(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.discouragedB.unwillingC.forbiddenD.inclined(20).【C
10、20】（分数：2.00）A.positionB.functionC.taskD.role二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：60.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._Rebel uprising kills seventy! Plane crash leaves no survivors! Rock
11、star dies of overdose! Evening newscasts and metropolitan newspapers scream the bad news, the sensational, and the action. Audiences of today focus upon the sensational action, the violence, the loss, the terror. Individually, our lives are redirected, our worlds reshaped, and our images changed. Wh
12、ile wary of the danger of change, we human beings surrender daily to exploitation of values, opportunities, and sensitivity. The evolution has brought us to the point that we believe little of what is presented to us as good and valuable; instead, we opt for suspicion and disbelief, demanding proof
13、and something for nothing. Therein lies the danger for the writer seeking to break into the market of today. Journalists sell sensationalism. The journalist who loses sight of the simple truth and opts only for the sensation loses the audience over the long run. Only those seeking a short-term thril
14、l are interested in following the journalistic thinking. How, then do we capture the audience of today and hold it, when the competition for attention is so fierce? The answer is writing to convey action, and the way to accomplish this is a simple one action verbs. The writer whose product suspends
15、time for the reader or viewer is the successful writer whose work is sought and reread. Why? Time often will melt away in the face of the reality of life“s little responsibilities for the reader. Instead of puzzling over a more active and more accurate verb, some journalists often limp through passi
16、ve voice and useless tense to squeeze the life out of an action-filled world and fill their writing with missed opportunities to appeal to the reader who seeks that moment of suspended time. Recently, a reporter wrote about observing the buildings in a community robbed by rebel uprising as “thousand
17、s of bullet holes were in the hotel. “ A very general observation. Suppose he had written, “The hotel was pocked with bullet holes. “ The visual image conjured up by the latter is far superior to the former. Here is the reader. comfortable in the easy chair before the fire with the dog at his feet.
18、The verb “pocked“ speaks to him. The journalist missed the opportunity to convey the reality.（分数：10.00）(1).Why do the media always report sensational topics?（分数：2.00）A.Journalists of today are excited about conveying these topics.B.Newscasts and newspapers pay the utmost attention to these topics.C.
19、These topics hold greater appeal for the public than any other topics.D.Audiences of today don“t believe what is good and valuable.(2).Anxious to capture the reader“s attention, some journalists（分数：2.00）A.attempt to add spice to writing with invented incidents.B.utilize events and actions to compete
20、 with each other.C.exploit the short attention span and sensationalize the story.D.report only the unfamiliar incidents to seek short-term thrill.(3).Some works are sought and reread because（分数：2.00）A.they save time for the readers and viewers.B.they are responsible for the readers.C.they report int
21、ernational incidents.D.they are pieces of active writing.(4).According to the author, which of the following might be true of the journalists?（分数：2.00）A.They seek the easy way out.B.Language is the tool of them.C.The truth is never conveyed in their report.D.They only want to exploit the readers.(5)
22、.Which of the following serves as the best title for the text?（分数：2.00）A.Return to Vivid DescriptionB.Audience Distracted by JournalistsC.Journalists: Sensationalism SellersD.How to Become a Competent ReporterRecent years have brought minority-owned businesses in the United States unprecedented oppo
23、rtunities as well as new and significant risks. Civil rights activists have long argued that one of the principal reasons why Blacks, Hispanics, and other minority groups have difficulty establishing themselves in business is that they lack access to the sizable orders and subcontracts that are gene
24、rated by large companies. Now Congress, in apparent agreement, has required by law that businesses awarded federal contracts of more than $ 1,000,000 do their best to find minority subcontractors and record their efforts to do so on forms filed with the government. Indeed, some federal and local age
25、ncies have gone so far as to set specific percentage goals for apportioning parts of public works contracts to minority enterprises. Corporate response appears to have been substantial. According to figures collected in 1997, the total of corporate contracts with minority businesses rose from $177 m
26、illion in 1992 to $2.2 billion in 1997. The projected total of corporate contracts with minority businesses for the early 2000“s is estimated to be over 70 billion per year with no letup anticipated in the next decade. Promising as it is for minority businesses, this increased patronage poses danger
27、s for them, too. First, minority firms risk expanding too fast and overextending themselves financially, since most are small concerns and, unlike large businesses, they often need to make substantial investments in new plants, staff, equipment, and the like in order to perform work subcontracted to
28、 them. If, thereafter, their subcontracts are for some reason reduced, such firms can face potentially crippling fixed expenses. The world of corporate purchasing can be frustrating for small entrepreneurs who get requests for elaborate formal estimates and bids. Both consume valuable time and resou
29、rces, and a small company“s efforts must soon result in orders, or both the morale and the financial health of the business will suffer. A second risk is that White-owned companies may seek to cash in on the increasing apportionments through formation of joint ventures with minority-owned concerns.
30、Of course, in many instances there are legitimate reasons for joint ventures; clearly, White and minority enterprises can team up to acquire business that neither could acquire alone. But civil rights groups and minority business owners have complained to Congress about minorities being set up as “f
31、ronts“ with White backing, rather than being accepted as full partners in legitimate joint ventures. Third, a minority enterprise that secures the business of one large corporate customer often runs the danger of becoming and remaining dependent. Even in the best of circumstances, fierce competition
32、 from larger, more established companies makes it difficult for small concerns to broaden their customer bases: when such firms have nearly guaranteed orders from a single corporate benefactor, they may truly have to struggle against complacency arising from their current success.（分数：10.00）(1).Compa
33、red with the requirements of law, the percentage goals set by some federal and local agencies are（分数：2.00）A.more popular with large corporations.B.more concrete.C.less controversial.D.less expensive to enforce.(2).The failure of a large business to make bids for subcontracts yield orders might cause
34、 it to（分数：2.00）A.experience frustration but not serious financial harm.B.face potentially crippling fixed expenses.C.have to record its efforts on forms filed with the government.D.increase its spending with minority subcontractors.(3).The response of corporates to working with minority subcontracto
35、rs is（分数：2.00）A.distressing.B.indifferent.C.promising.D.obscure.(4).Which of the following is a danger to minority businesses?（分数：2.00）A.Minority businesses may expand too slow to compete with the White-owned companies.B.Minority businesses may be taken advantage by White-owned companies.C.Minority
36、businesses may be too independent to control.D.Minority businesses may rely too much on government support.(5).The primary purpose of the text is to（分数：2.00）A.present a commonplace idea and its inaccuracies.B.describe a situation and its potential drawbacks.C.propose a temporary solution to a proble
37、m.D.analyze a frequent source of disagreement.When the world was a simpler place, the rich were fat, the poor were thin, and right-thinking people worried about how to feed the hungry. Now, in much of the world, the rich are thin, the poor are fat, and right-thinking people are worrying about obesit
38、y. Evolution is mostly to blame. It has designed mankind to cope with deprivation, not plenty. People are perfectly tuned to store energy in good years to see them through lean ones. But when bad times never come, they are stuck with that energy, stored around their expanding bellies. Thanks to risi
39、ng agricultural productivity, lean years are rarer all over the globe. Modern-day Malthusians, who used to draw graphs proving that the world was shortly going to run out of food, have gone rather quiet lately. According to the UN, the number of people short of food fell from 920m in 1980 to 799m 20
40、 years later, even though the world“s population increased by 1. 6 billion over the period. This is mostly a cause for celebration. Mankind has won what was, for most of his time on this planet, his biggest battle: to ensure that he and his offspring had enough to eat. But every silver lining has a
41、cloud, and the consequence of prosperity is a new plague that brings with it a host of interesting policy dilemmas. As a scourge of the modern world, obesity has an image problem. It is easier to associate with Father Christmas than with the four horses of the Apocalypse. But it has a good claim to
42、lumber along beside them, for it is the world“s biggest public-health issue today the main cause of heart disease, which kills more people these days than AIDS, malaria, war; the principal risk factor in diabetes; heavily implicated in cancer and other diseases. Since the World Health Organisation l
43、abeled obesity an “epidemic“ in 2000, reports on its fearful consequences have come thick and fast. Will public-health warnings, combined with media pressure, persuade people to get thinner, just as they finally put them off tobacco? Possibly. In the rich world, sales of healthier foods are booming
44、and new figures suggest that over the past year Americans got very slightly thinner for the first time in recorded history. But even if Americans are losing a few ounces, it will be many years before the country solves the health problems caused by half a century“s dining to excess. And, everywhere
45、else in the world, people are still piling on the pounds. That“s why there is now a consensus among doctors that governments should do something to stop them.（分数：10.00）(1).“Malthusians“ (Line 1-2, Para. 3) probably held that（分数：2.00）A.fatness could be attributed to evolution.B.food wouldn“t feed all
46、 the people on the earth.C.it was harmful for people to be obese.D.the number of starving people decreased.(2).It can be inferred from the text that the biggest problem in history is（分数：2.00）A.the rich were fat, the poor were thin.B.people stored energy in good years.C.there was not enough food to e
47、at.D.people couldn“t stop smoking.(3).Why does the author mention Father Christmas and the four horses of the Apocalypse“!（分数：2.00）A.To draw a parallel between the two.B.To show how fat people on earth are.C.To introduce the health risks in obesity.D.To make the text interesting.(4).Why does the aut
48、hor compare smoking with obesity in this text?（分数：2.00）A.They are both problems difficult to settle.B.They can lead to the same diseases.C.They are both bad habits.D.They are both harmful to health.(5).What does the author mean by “people are still piling on the pounds“?（分数：2.00）A.People are accumulating wealth.B.People are getting thinner.C.People are losing ounces.D.People are gaining weight.One of the silliest things in our recent history was the use of “Victorian“ as a term of contempt or abuse. It had been mad
