1、考研英语-试卷 119 及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_What impact can mobile phones have on their users“ health? Many people worry about th
2、e supposed ill effects caused by radiation from handsets and base stations, (1)_ the lack of credible evidence of any harm. But evidence for the beneficial effects of mobile phones on health is rather more (2)_ Indeed, a systematic review (3)_ out by Rifat Atun and his colleagues at Imperial College
3、, rounds up 150 (4)_ of the use of text-messaging in the (5)_ of health care. These uses (6)_ three categories: efficiency gains; public-health gains; and direct benefits to patients by (7)_ text-messaging into treatment regimes. Using texting to (8)_ efficiency is not profound science, but big savi
4、ngs can be achieved. Several (9)_ carried out in England have found that the use of text-messaging reminders (10)_ the number of missed appointments with family doctors by 26-39%, and the number of missed hospital appointments by 33-50%. If such schemes were (11)_ nationally, this would translate (1
5、2)_ annual savings of 256-364 million. Text messages can also be a good way to deliver public-health information, particularly to groups (13)_ are hard to reach by other means. Text messages have been used in India to (14)_ people about the World Health Organization“s strategy to control lung diseas
6、e. In Iraq, text messages were used to support a (15)_ to immunize nearly 5 million children (16)_ paralysis. (17)_, there are the uses of text-messaging as part of a treatment regime. These involve sending reminders to patients to (18)_ their medicine, or to encourage accordance with exercise regim
7、es. However, Dr. Rifat notes that the evidence for the effectiveness of such schemes is generally (19)_, and more quantitative research is (20)_.（分数：40.00）A.soB.evenC.despiteD.andA.interestingB.abundantC.clearD.reasonableA.wentB.cameC.carriedD.turnedA.approachesB.situationsC.problemsD.examplesA.real
8、ityB.reorganizationC.deliveryD.discoveryA.fall intoB.sum upC.associate withD.subject toA.incorporatedB.incorporatingC.incorporateD.incorporationA.riseB.boostC.produceD.encourageA.questionsB.incidentsC.casesD.trialsA.reducesB.degradesC.deservesD.dropsA.called uponB.switched toC.rolled outD.went throu
9、ghA.intoB.forC.onD.fromA.whatB.whoseC.whichD.whoA.askB.informC.adoptD.contactA.campaignB.eventC.decisionD.communicationA.offB.withC.againstD.inA.FinallyB.HoweverC.UsuallyD.ObviouslyA.buyB.receiveC.getD.takeA.unscientificB.realC.anecdotalD.legalA.gainedB.acquiredC.neededD.given二、Reading Comprehensio(
10、总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._When Melissa Mahan and her husband visited the Netherlands, they felt imprisoned by their tour bus. It forced them to see the city acco
11、rding to a particular route and specific schedulebut going off on their own meant missing out on the information provided by the guide. On their return home to San Diego, California, they started a new company called Tour Coupes. Now, when tourists in San Diego rent one of their small, brightly colo
12、ured three-wheeled vehicles, they are treated to a narration over the stereo system about the places they pass, triggered by Global Positioning System (GPS) satellite technology. This is just one example of how GPS is being used to provide new services to tourists. “What we really have here is a tec
13、hnology that allows people to forget about the technology“, says Jim Carrier of IntelliTours, a GPS tourism firm which began offering a similar service over a year ago in Montgomery, Alabama. The city is packed with sites associated with two important chapters in American history, the civil war of t
14、he 1860s and the civil-rights movement a century later. Montgomery has a 120-year-old trolley system, called the Lightning Route, which circulates around the downtown area and is mainly used by tourists. On the Lightning Route trolleys, GPS-triggered audio clips point out historical hotspots. Other
15、firms, such as CityShow in New York and GPS Tours Canada in Banff, Canada, offer hand-held GPS receivers that play audio clips for listening to while walking or driving. In South Africa, Europcar, a car-rental firm, offers a device called the Xplorer. As well as providing commentary on 2,000 points
16、of interest, it can also warn drivers if they exceed the local speed limit. If such services prove popular, the use of dedicated audio-guide devices could give way to a different approach. A growing number of mobile phones have built-in GPS or can determine their locations using other technologies.
17、Information for tourists delivered via phones could be updated in real time and could contain advertisements. “Location-based services“, such as the ability to call up a list of nearby banks or pizzerias, have been talked about for years but have never taken off. But aiming such services at tourists
18、 makes sensesince people are more likely to want information when in an unfamiliar place. It could give mobile roaming a whole new meaning.（分数：10.00）(1).In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by _.（分数：2.00）A.posing an illustration.B.justifying an assumption.C.making a comparison.D
19、.explaining a phenomenon.(2).Melissa Mahan“s story is mentioned in the text to _.（分数：2.00）A.show tourism of Netherlands is no better than that of US.B.introduce the topic of Location-based services by GPS.C.show that they are dissatisfied with traveling.D.explain the reason why they start a new comp
20、any.(3).The word “chapter“ (Line 4, Paragraph 2) denotes _.（分数：2.00）A.event.B.a local branch of an organization.C.division of a book.D.period of time.(4).Which of the following is true of the text?（分数：2.00）A.Location-based services are popular in many fields.B.Europcar offers hand-held GPS receivers
21、C.CityShow offers a service similar to IntelliTours.D.Xplorer can warn drivers when they offend.(5).When a traveler is in an unfamiliar place, _.（分数：2.00）A.mobile roaming will meet his needs.B.he wants to know something about it.C.Location-based services play a key role in his traveling.D.he must un
22、derstand the roles of Location-based services.Opportunities for water companies are flowing around the world because of looming shortages and decades of underinvestment. Saudi Arabia and Algeria, where water shortages have become acute, are placing billions of dollars of contracts out to bid to impr
23、ove water supplies for their growing populations. The trend is expected to grow, as 40% of the world“s population will suffer water shortages by 2050, according to the United Nations Development Program. Global warming is expected to exacerbate the problem. Saudi Arabia began privatizing water servi
24、ces after shortages sparked riots last November in Jeddah. Loay Ahmed Musallam, the deputy water minister, said the first contract to manage water supplies for Riyadh would be awarded this year. By 2010, private companies will provide water for half the population, he added. Saudi Arabia plans to in
25、vest $37 billion over five years to improve water pipelines. Leaks cost 1 million cubic meters of water a daythe output of seven desalination plantsthe minister said. Even after putting contracts out to bid, governments still face politically sensitive decisions. In Saudi Arabia, for example, water
26、tariffs are among the lowest in the world. Musallam said Saudis consumed twice as much water as Britons in spite of living in one of the driest parts of the globe. The government is introducing measures to encourage water conservation. Even in the US, the shortfall between actual investment and the
27、industry“s real needs is estimated to be $122 billion for waste water treatment and $100 billion for drinking water over the next 12 years, said Michael Dean of the Environmental Protection Agency. “People take for granted clean, safe, inexpensive water, but the old ways of paying for water in the U
28、S no longer meet our needs“, Dean said. Water services in the US are mainly owned by municipalities, which fiercely resist privatization. Gasson says decades of underinvestment are catching up with the water industry. “Either tariffs or subsidies will have to rise. We are at an inflection point. Inv
29、estment now is unavoidable“, he said. David Lloyd Owen, a British consultant, estimated the investment shortfall for the global water industry at $1.2 trillion over the next 20 years. “The question is how to overcome political resistance to the involvement of the private sector“, he said. “The water
30、 industry is one of the most conservative in the world. By and large, it is still run by bureaucrats and engineers“, Owen said. “There is also a passionate and well-organized lobby against privatization“. He sees more room for the private sector as technology for desalination and recycling come to p
31、lay an increasing role in the industry. Banks are also becoming more creative in matching the financing of capital outlays in the industry with the long lives of water treatment facilities.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following can“t we infer according to the author?（分数：2.00）A.Global warming will exac
32、erbate the shortage of water.B.Water companies will feel happy because of water shortage.C.Saudi Arabia and Algeria are making great efforts to solve the problem of water shortage.D.According to the UN, 60% of the world“s population won“t suffer water shortages by 2050.(2).The purpose of Paragraph 2
33、 is to _.（分数：2.00）A.show privatized water is world“s direction to solve water crisis.B.explain why $37 billion will be invested to solve the problem of water shortage in Saudi Arabia.C.show Saudis consumed too much water even though Saudi Arabia is the driest parts of the globe.D.call for government
34、 to find more solutions for water conservation.(3).According to the passage, which of the following is true?（分数：2.00）A.Water problems in US are not optimistic, either.B.Clean, safe, inexpensive water no longer meet American peoples“ needs.C.Water service“s privatization is not necessary for the US.D
35、.Investment for water is not enough in the US.(4).Who will most probably accept private sector in water treatment?（分数：2.00）A.Government.B.Banks.C.Lobby.D.Engineers.(5).Which of the following is the best title of the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Water Shortage in Saudi Arabia and AlgeriaB.Privatization Trend o
36、f Water“s InvestmentC.Water Crisis Looms WorldwideD.The Future of Water IndustryGeorge Williams, one of Scottsdale“s last remaining cowboys, has been raising horses and cattle on his 120 acres for 20 years. The cattle go to the slaughterhouse, the horses to rodeos. But Mr. Williams is stomping mad.
37、His problems began last year when dishonest neighbours started to steal his cattle. Then other neighbours, most of them newcomers, took offence at his horses roaming on their properties. Such grumbles are common in Arizona. The most recent Department of Agriculture census shows that 1,213 of Arizona
38、“s 8,507 farms closed down between 1997 and 2002. Many cattlemen are moving out to remoter parts of the state. Doc Lane is an executive at the Arizona Cattlemen“s Association, a trade group. He says Arizona“s larger ranch owners are making decent profits from selling. It is the smaller players who a
39、re the victims of rising land values, higher mortgages and stiffer city council rules. What happens all too often is that people move in next to a farm because they think the land pretty. But soon they start complaining to the council. In Mr. Williams“s case it was the horses that annoyed them. Othe
40、r newcomers don“t like the noise, the pesticides and the smell of manure. Locals worry about the precious, dwindling cowboy culture. Arizona“s tourism boards like to promote a steady interest in all things about cowboy and western. Last year more British and German tourists came than usual, and many
41、 of them were looking precisely for that. Arizona“s Dude Ranch Association fills its $350-a-night luxury ranches most of the year; roughly a third of the guests are European. Many of the ranchers themselves see all this tourism as a cheeky attempt to commercialise a real and vanishing culture. In Pr
42、escott, estate agents promote “American Ranch-style“ homes with posters of horse riders. On the other side of the street is Whiskey Row, a famous strip of historic cowboy bars. But in Matt“s Saloon on Saturday night, real cattlemen could not be found. Farm folk like Mr. Knox and Mr. Williams are wei
43、ghing up their options. Many will migrate to remoter places where land is cheaper and not crowded with city people. Younger ones take on side-jobs as contractors and are cattle-hands part-time. Older cowboys aren“t sure what to do.（分数：10.00）(1).From the first two paragraphs, we learn that _.（分数：2.00
44、）A.George Williams is a cowboy in Arizona.B.more and more farms will be closed down in the near future.C.newcomers are not as honest as cowboys.D.the mode of life of cattlemen in Arizona is being destructed.(2).The word “grumble“ (Line 1, Paragraph 2) most probably means _.（分数：2.00）A.mutter.B.phenom
45、enon.C.complaint.D.gamble.(3).The pesticides and the smell of manure are mentioned to _.（分数：2.00）A.explain why newcomers complain to the council.B.introduce the place in which cowboys live.C.explain why smaller players become victims.D.explain why cattlemen are moving out to remoter parts of the sta
46、te.(4).There could be no real cattlemen in Matt“s Saloon on Saturday night, because _.（分数：2.00）A.Matt“s Saloon caters to guests from Europe instead of cattlemen.B.the ranchers dislike this impudent tourism.C.it is too costly to afford for cattlemen.D.it is tough to earn a living in that city.(5).Wha
47、t is the author“s attitude towards cattlemen?（分数：2.00）A.Combative.B.Contemptuous.C.Compassionate.D.Compromising.Five and a half years into his presidency, George Bush finally vetoed a bill this week. Oddly enough, it was one that most Americans support: it would have expanded federal funding for emb
48、ryonic stem-cell research. The House and Senate had both passed the bill by wide, but not veto-proof margins, so Mr. Bush“s word is final, at least until after the mid-term elections in November. Stem cells are cells that have not yet decided what they want to be when they grow up. That is, they can become blood cells, brain cells, or pretty much any other type of cell. Their versatility makes them extremely useful for medical research. The ethical snag is that the best stem cells are harvested fro
