1、考研英语-试卷 132及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_With the rapid spread of the internet eye where in the world, and the (1)_ number of u
2、sers, one of the most exciting developments on the internet is E-commerce(2)_ commerce. E-commerce has two forms, (3)_ business-to-business, or B-to-B, and business-to-consumer, or B-to-C. B-to-C was the first of these developments. It grew (4)_ from the first days when people started to buy things
3、from their homes without going to a shop. First came “catalogue shopping“ (5)_ you choose what you want from a catalogue (6)_ pictures and other details of everything that is (7)_ sale. You then send an order with a check by (8)_ and the things you have chosen sent to your home. Then (9)_ “televisio
4、n shopping“, where (10)_ a catalogue, the items for sale are shown or (11)_ on television to attract the customer. (12)_, the customer sends a check and the item is delivered to his or her home. B-to-C is the (13)_ development, where the “catalogue“ is (14)_ on the internet, combining the advantages
5、 of both the book catalogue and the television and indeed adding more (15)_ The customer makes his choice but rather than sending an order and a (16)_ through the post, he places the order and pays for it using his credit card, all using the (17)_ Many people worry about giving (18)_ of their credit
6、 card over the internet and the danger that it may be deceitfully used. (19)_, the general view is that with modern systems of secure measures the dangers of the misuse of credit cards is (20)_ greater in a shop, garage or restaurant than in using it for shopping on the internet.（分数：40.00）A.increasi
7、ngB.spreadingC.decreasingD.raisingA.electricB.electricalC.electronicD.electronicsA.regarded asB.known asC.esteemed asD.reckoned asA.directlyB.naturallyC.generallyD.speciallyA.whichB.thatC.whereD.whenA.drawingB.givingC.depictingD.sketchingA.onB.forC.atD.inA.accidentB.railwayC.handD.postA.cameB.wentC.
8、broughtD.happenedA.as regardsB.other thanC.instead ofD.in view ofA.displayedB.performedC.demonstratedD.exhibitedA.AgainB.MoreoverC.BesidesD.SecondlyA.lateB.latestC.latterD.laterA.liableB.obtainableC.reliableD.availableA.disadvantagesB.featuresC.advantagesD.characteristicsA.cashB.checkC.noteD.binA.in
9、ternetB.computerC.catalogueD.televisionA.detailsB.segmentsC.episodesD.descriptionsA.HoweverB.ThereforeC.FurthermoreD.OtherwiseA.naturallyB.trulyC.reallyD.actually二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the qu
10、estions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._In a large, air-conditioned room in a conference center located in a city of more than a million people, well-qualified doctors of science discuss the pros and cons of global warming, and debate how the temperature of the sea is being measured. After
11、 several hours of discussion, they walk out into the warm sunshine of a summer“s day, heading off to a comfortable restaurant for lunch. On the same day, on the sands of small islands in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, baked hard by the burning sun, Hemi and Naqono look at the water lapping over th
12、e place where they once stored their potato plants. They watch the waves dashing gently at the feet of their straw huts which some years ago were many metres from the seashore. Global warming is a problem for theoretical discussion among scientists all over the world. For many Pacific Islanders it i
13、s now becoming a practical problem. While international science argues about global warming and climate change, low-lying Pacific Islands are already suffering coastal erosion and crop failures. In places such as Marshall Islands, where much of the land is only a metre above sea-level, villagers fac
14、e leaving their slowly disappearing homes. Scientists and officials from 13 Pacific Island Countries discussed their concerns in a Pacific conference in Aukland, New Zealand, and examined a New Zealand computer model on climate change that could provide a valuable planning tool. Lack of meteorologic
15、al and tidal research means Government agencies throughout the Pacific and the world have to rely largely on anecdotal of rising sea levels eroding foreshores, and increasingly severe droughts affecting the vital coconut crop. Australian research commissioned by the South Pacific Regional Environmen
16、t Programme has already calculated that human greenhouse gas emissions already measured up to 1995 will cause a 5cm to 12cm sea-level rise by 2025. Pacific Island countries fear their vulnerable low-lying homes will be the first to pay the price for the emissions of industrialized nations. A Pacific
17、 Islands Climate Change Assistance Programme is already in place and is working on plans to help Pacific Islanders who have few resources to combat the fast-changing environmental circumstances. Yumi Crisostomo, of the Marshall Islands Environmental Protection Authority, said residents of some of th
18、e 1,225 islands in the group had reported alarming coastal erosion, forcing them to shift homes inland. Some islands were only about a kilometer across, so residents had little room to move. “We may have to look at the option of internal migration within the island group,“ he said.（分数：10.00）(1).The
19、first two paragraphs suggest that（分数：2.00）A.global warming is not only a theoretical problem but also a practical one.B.there is a great difference between the rich and poor.C.science discussion has nothing to do with the practical problem.D.well-qualified doctors know little about the reality of th
20、e problem.(2).According to the passage, global warming and climate change might cause（分数：2.00）A.the extinction of species.B.the disappearance of the coast.C.the reduction of crops.D.the migration of birds.(3).Lack of meteorological and tidal research means, researchers have to depend on（分数：2.00）A.me
21、asuring the output of coconut.B.observing the erosion of foreshores.C.collecting short interesting accounts concerning climate.D.computer model on climate changes.(4).Human greenhouse gas emissions which cause low-lying places to disappear are mainly let out by（分数：2.00）A.forest fires.B.the industria
22、lized nations.C.people themselves in low-lying islands.D.the developing countries.(5).The author gives the example of Pacific islands climate change to（分数：2.00）A.warn people of the danger of global warming.B.arouse people“s sympathy for the islanders in the Pacific.C.blame those nations which let ou
23、t greenhouse gas emissions.D.call for a donation to the residents in the Pacific islands.Who would have believed it? After what seems like an eternity of tantalizing hype about “high-definition“ television, the first digital sets are actually on their way to the market. This much anticipated debut w
24、ould seem to be terrific news for tube lovers. As promised, the sets deliver super-sharp digital pictures, wide-format movie-style screens and magnificent stereo surround sound. So should everybody rush out to buy one? Well.maybe not. HDTV“s obvious advantages over conventional sets are offset by si
25、gnificant disadvantages. For openers, there“s the price tag. Sony“s small set, with a 34-in screen, lists for a fairly large $8,999. Prices will eventually drop, of course, but Bill Mannion, general manager of Panasonic“s TV division, acknowledges, “It“s going to be a while, maybe years before most
26、consumers can afford HDTV.“ Even if you“re a gadget freak with deep pockets, you may think twice about buying for another reason: “high definition“ will not be equally high. Some programs will be broadcast at 480 lines of resolution (compared with 330 or so on conventional televisions), others at a
27、sharper 720 lines, and still others at the maximum of 1,080. NBC says it plans to start by offering 480-line quality for day-time programming and 1,080 for some prime-time shows and specials. But cable-TV customersa full two-thirds of American householdsmay get a sinking feeling of another sort if t
28、hey try to tune in. Cable companies are refusing, for now, to carry broadcasters“ HDTV signals, saying information-rich HDTV channels overtax their systems. Therefore viewers, who want decent reception, will have to buy clumsy, old-fashioned TV antennas if they plan to pull in digital broadcasts. On
29、e decision consumers won“t have to make is whether to buy a set that uses one format or another. Back in the days when VCRs were new, you could buy a VHS or a Beta-format machine; neither could read or record on the other“s tapes. Those who chose Beta generally regretted it, as VHS took over the mar
30、ket, video companies stopped releasing Beta-format movies, and Beta sets became essentially useless. Most reassuring of all, the new sets will be able to pick up conventional TV broadcasts. You won“t need two TV sets sitting side by side. Will that be enough to talk consumers into putting down the b
31、etter part of $10,0007 Manufactures hope that wide-eyed excitement over this genuinely revolutionary new technology will help hide the fact that it“s still a work in progress. Realistically, they expect the revolution to be a slow one.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the text, HDTV（分数：2.00）A.has its limit
32、ations.B.is a landmark in TV technology.C.is likely to be accepted by the mass.D.is doubted by manufacturers on its practicability.(2).If you are rich and interested in new devices, you would（分数：2.00）A.be likely to accept HDTV.B.still think about lines of resolution of the programs.C.buy HDTV, but w
33、ith hesitation.D.easily understand what HDTV is.(3).The only reason for buying HDTV might be（分数：2.00）A.reasonable price.B.format compatibility.C.unavailability of HDTV signals on cable TV.D.broadcasting at inconsistent lines of resolution.(4).Programs displayed on HDTV（分数：2.00）A.give super-sharp dig
34、ital pictures.B.may be sent out at 1080 lines of resolution.C.need input of more efforts.D.will have a bright future.(5).Who does the author intend to write the passage for?（分数：2.00）A.TV buyers.B.TV broadcasters.C.TV manufacturers.D.government officials regulating TV broadcasts.Forget about the days
35、 when banks lured customers with offers of “free“ toaster. In the harsh new world of consumer banking, it“s the account holder who may get burned. Over the past few years, banks have systematically raised their old fees and invented new onesas many as 100 different kinds. The size of these charges j
36、umped more than 50 percent on checking and savings accounts since 1990, according to Bank Rate Monitor, an independent provider of financial data. Meanwhile, interest rates paid on passbook savings and negotiable order of withdrawal (NOW) accounts failed to keep pace with inflation, let alone with o
37、ther low-risk investments. And technologies like automated teller machines(ATMs) have truly turned into cash machinesfor the bank. Checking Profits. According to a report by the Federal Reserve Board, fewer than eight percent of all commercial banks now offer tree checking. In some big cities, such
38、as Los Angeles and San Francisco, free checking is virtually extinct. What“s more, the minimum balance required for the average checking account has increased dramatically since the Federal Reserve last surveyed banks in 1994. Account holders looking for interest on their checking through a NOW acco
39、unt had to raise their balance nearly 50 percent to $1,500 on average and they earned just 1.5 percent annually for their trouble. NationsBank in Miami recently offered a “Deluxe Secure“ checking account. Depositors got only an average 1.5 percent interest on their checking balance. And they were re
40、quired to keep $5,000 tied up in a savings account or $21 maintenance fee. New York City“s chemical informed its checking customers that their “low minimum“ accounts would be converted into new “relationship“ accountswith a higher minimum balance. The new minimum necessary to avoid extra fees jumped
41、 from $1,500 to $3,000. The dubious new benefits to customers? Banking executives say there“s a good reason why fees are higher. Since financial services were deregulated in the early 1980s, competitors have lured away high-margin business that once sustained bank profits. Americans are avoiding low
42、-interest bank accounts in favor of high-yielding investments such as mutual funds. Creditcard holders can get more favorable terms from a national card issuer than from their local bank. Home-buyers can now tap a national market for the most competitive mortgage rates, and new-car buyers can shop f
43、or loans from auto-finance specialists like General Motors Acceptance Corp. Still, the banks have managed to regain their profits in part with high customer fees. In fact, the banking industry has reported record earnings over the past three years.（分数：10.00）(1).What can be inferred from the sentence
44、 “it“s the account holder who may get burned“ (Paragraph 1)?（分数：2.00）A.The author asserts that the account holder should be careful about the free toaster.B.The author thinks that the account holder is the very person who uses the toaster.C.The author suggests that the account holder should be caref
45、ul about the bank.D.The author holds that the bank should be criticized.(2).The banks“ strategies invented to rip the account holders include（分数：2.00）A.changing the old fees.B.offering free checking.C.offering free gifts.D.creating new fees.(3).According to banking executives, the higher bank fees m
46、ay result from（分数：2.00）A.the slowdown of economy.B.low-interest bank accounts.C.the decrease of the number of bank investors.D.the increase of the number of creditcard holders.(4).The term “high-margin business“ (Paragraph 7) probably means（分数：2.00）A.very profitable business.B.very promising busines
47、s.C.bankrupt business.D.well-managed business.(5).From the last paragraph, we know that（分数：2.00）A.the banks are notorious businesses.B.never do business with the banks.C.the banks have succeeded in getting back the profits.D.due to high customer fees, the number of the account holders is decreasing.
48、In developing a model of cognition, we must recognize that perception of the external world does not always remain independent of motivation. While progress toward maturity is positively correlated with differentiation between motivation and cognition, tension will, even in the mature adult, lead towards a narrowing of the range of perception. Cognition can be seen as the first step in the sequence events leading from the external stimulus to the behavior of the individual. The child develops from belief that all things are an extension of i
